• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.85-92
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• 2021

The therapeutic antibody drug market has experienced explosive growth as mAbs become the main therapeutic modality for a variety of diseases. Characterization of glycosylation that directly affects the efficacy and safety of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is critical for therapeutics development, bioprocess system optimization, lot release, and comparability evaluation. The LC/MS approach has been widely used to structurally characterize mAbs, and recently attempts have been made to obtain comprehensive information on the primary structure and post-translational modifications (PTMs) of mAbs through intact protein analysis. In this study, we performed state-of-the-art LC/MS based intact protein analysis to readily identify and characterize glycoforms of various mAbs. Different glycoforms of mAbs produced in different expression cell lines including CHO, SP2/0 and HEK cells were monitored and compared. In addition, the comparability of protein molecular weight, glycoform pattern, and relative abundances of glycoforms between the commercialized trastuzumab biosimilar and the original product was determined in detail using the given platform. Intact mAb analysis allowed us to gain insight into the overall mAb structure, including the complexity and diversity of glycosylation. Furthermore, our analytical platform with high reproducibility is expected to be widely used for biopharmaceutical characterization required at all stages of drug development and manufacturing.

• ALGAE
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.145-148
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• 2004

As a result of the 2-year monthly monitoring of the phytoplankton community at 3 stations in Mankyeong Estuary, Korea, we learned that cyan bacterial species of the genus Anabaena occurred at most sampling points with huge salinity differences (0.1-32.5 psu). We isolated several clones of Anabaena spp. from the monitoring stations, and screen out two euryhaline and nitrogen-fixing Anabaena clones, CB-MAL21 and CB-MAL22. The two clones were grown under various environmental gradients such as temperature (20, 30, 35 and 40$^{\circ}C$), salinity (0, 2, 5, 15 and 30psu), and $PO_4^{3-}$-P concentration (0, 1.6, 8.0, 40 and 200 ${\mu}M$M). Growth of CB-MAL21 and CB-MAL22 was measured by daily monitoring of chlorophyll fluorescence from each experimental culture for more than three serial transfers. Both the two experimental clones did not grow at 0psu. Maximal growth rates of the two clones were markedly reduced at lower $PO_4^{3-}$-P concentrations showing negligible growth at 0 and 1.6 ${\mu}M$M. However, growth of CB-MAL21 was not affected by low $NO_3^--$ concentration in culture media, showing the nitrogen-fixing ability. Maximum biomass yields of the two clones decreased dramatically at 35 and 40$^{\circ}C$. Optimal growth conditions for the two experimental clones were determined to be 20-30$^{\circ}C$, 40 ${\mu}M$M $PO_4^{3-}$-P, and wide salinity range from 5.0 to over 30psu. Best growth of CB-MAL21 was shown at (20$^{\circ}C$-15psu), which is less saline and cooler condition than those (i.e., 30$^{\circ}C$-30psu) for the best growth of CB-MAL22. The euryhaline and nitrogen-fixing CB-MAL21 strain thus can be a candidate laboratory culture for the future cyan bacterial marine biotechnology in temperate coastal waters.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.112-118
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• 2011

Ship can be faced with more dangerous situations than ground vehicles due to the opened surroundings, sea. Therefore, it is very important to prevent the ship emergency by finding risk factor. In this paper, We propose context-aware monitoring system which that frequently check the condition of ship using the data that get through the installed sensor in the ship as gyro-sensor, strain-gage sensor. We analyzed sensor data through backpropagation algorithm and the Condition and Safety Information of sailing ship is transmitted to the crew's personal mobile device in the ship. Thus, moving crew can check the ship's condition in real time. As a result, we obtained about 95% accuracy for fire risk context and about 89% accuracy for body of Ship risk context in the simulated experiments.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.459-472
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• 2016

We assessed the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrate at four surveying sites in Upo Wetland, a Ramsar site and the largest wetland in Korea, from February 2006 to November 2013. A long-term ecological monitoring was done monthly by using quantitative sampling method with dip net for analyzing the community change and correlation between the biodiversity and the environmental factors because environmental factors have a decisive effect on the community structure of the benthic macroinvertebrates. Total samples from the Upo Wetland area were classified into 3 phyla, 6 classes, 17 orders, 68 families, 176 species, and 25,720 individuals. Among the 176 species, 62 of the species had not been previously reported in this area. Asellus sp., Diplonychus esakii, and Gyraulus chinensis were the most common species in Upo Wetland. The change patterns of annual species diversity and species richness were calculated by using the average number of monthly occurring species and individuals. Diversity index increased from March to May and decreased after that showing lower diversity indices in July and August. It increased again in September and in October. Richness index showed similar tendency and fell around February and July, followed by a rising tendency around May and October. Correlation and regression analyses were performed with the change of biodiversity and each environmental factor. We found that water temperature have very significant positive correlation with species diversity in spring, and have significant indices in autumn and winter. On the other hand, precipitation showed a significantly negative correlation value in summer and autumn suggesting it has an effect on the community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2017

In power supply systems for urban areas, issues such as a progressive tax have escalated recently. In this regard, photovoltaic power generation, which is appraised as an alternative power generation system, is drawing attention increasingly for its high stability and applicability to existing infrastructure. This study assessed the realistic feasibility of photovoltaic power generation and also analyzed the economic benefits expected when it is linked with green roof, which is likely to promote ecological functions in urban areas, based on the Seoul solar map, RPS, and actual monitoring data. The economics analysis of 30kW photovoltaic power generation applied with the monthly average horizontal solar radiation of six grades in the Seoul solar map showed that positive NPV was up to grade 4, while grade 5 or poorer showed negative NPV and indicated that it is difficult to assure appropriate feasibility. Compared with non-afforestation, when green roof was applied, monthly average power improvement efficiency was 7.2% at highest and 3.7% at lowest based on yearly actual monitoring data. The annual average was 5.3%, and the efficiency was high relatively in summer, including September and November. As for the economic benefits expected when 30kw photovoltaic power generation is combined with green roof based on the average horizontal solar radiation of grade 1 in the Seoul solar map, SP has improved 0.2 years to 7.4 years, and EP has improved 0.5 years to 8.3 years.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.81-88
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• 2010

In this paper, we proposed an automatic music/non-music signal discrimination system from broadcasting audio signal as a preliminary study of building a sound source monitoring system in real broadcasting environment. By reflecting human speech articulation characteristics, we used three simple time-domain features such as energy standard deviation, log energy standard deviation and log energy mean. Based on the experimental threshold values of each feature, we developed a rule-based algorithm to classify music portion of the input audio signal. For the verification of the proposed algorithm, actual FM broadcasting signal was recorded for 24 hours and used as source input audio signal. From the experimental results, the proposed system can effectively recognize music section with the accuracy of 96% and non-music section with that of 87%, where the performance is good enough to be used as a pre-process module for the a sound source monitoring system.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.273-281
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• 2014

We conducted the weekly monitoring (December 2012~April 2013) to evaluate the temporal variation and identification of Stephanodiscus spp. that are generally dominant during winter in the Yeongsan River. Phytoplankton species were identified and counted using the optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Phytoplankton in the river were grouped into 6 classes (bacillariophyceae, chlorophyceae, cryptophyceae, cyanophyceae, dinophyceae, euglenophyceae), 30 genus and 41 species. Phytoplankton composition showed high abundance of diatoms in winter and Aulacoseira sp., Cyclotella sp. and Stephanodiscus spp. were dominant. Among the species, Stephanodiscus spp. was relatively abundant compared to other diatom species. Stephanodiscus spp. appeared from December 2012 to April 2013 and their abundance peaked in January. Abundance of diatoms especially peaked ($21,080cells\;mL^{-1}$) in January 15, 2013 when Stephanodiscus spp. also bloomed ($20,560cells\;mL^{-1}$). The abundances of Stephanodiscus spp. were gradually decreased from March and reached as low as $60cells\;mL^{-1}$ in April 26. Cyclostephanos (C. invisitatus), Cyclotella (C. meneghiniana), Discostella (D. pseudostelligera, D. woltereckii) and Stephanodiscus (S. hantzschii, S. minutulus, S. parvus) were classified in the circular diatoms. Abundance of S. hantzschii was extremely high compared to S. minutulus and S. parvus.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.241-248
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• 2022

Objective : The purpose of this trial is to observe the preliminary effects of Salvia plebeia (SP) extract on quality of life in patients with solid cancer. Methods : This is a prospective, open-label, single-arm, and single-dose clinical trial. Twenty participants who have been diagnosed with solid cancer between the ages of 20 and 65 will be included. All participants will be administered SP granules for 12 weeks. Data will be collected at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after enrollment. The primary outcome is quality of life, using the Korean version of the Functional Assessment Cancer Therapy-General questionnaire. Secondary outcomes include tumor markers in blood tests for each cancer type, soluble programmed death-ligand 1, the percentage of natural killer cells among lymphocytes, ratio of T-helper and T-suppressor cells, ratio of total T, T-helper, T-suppressor, and B cells in lymphocytes, level of C-reactive protein, and tumor size via radiology examination. Safety will be assessed by clinical laboratory tests and monitoring of adverse events. Discussion : This study aims to observe the effects of an oral administration of SP preparations in patients with solid cancer on changes in quality of life and an improvement in immune function. It is expected to provide objective evidence of the effect and safety of SP for patients with solid cancer. Trial registration: KCT0007315 (Clinical Research Information Service)

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2020

From a result of surveys on the biodiversity monitoring for moths in Korea, six species of micro-moths that were never known from Korea are reported here for the first time from this country. They are: Udea pseudocrocealis(South, 1901) of the family Crambidae, which has been known as endemic to Japan; Epinotia albiguttata (Oku, 1974) of the family Tortricidae, which was known belonging to Hikagehamakia Oku, 1974; and four species of the family Gelechiidae: Protoparachronistis concolor Omelko, 1986 and P. discedens Omelko, 1986, which were described from Primorisk, Russian Far East; Thiotricha pancratiastis Meyrick, 1921, which is known from Isl. Jejudo, and Thiotricha sp. which is being described in a separate paper. Here we provide images of adults and genitalia for the unrecorded species with a brief diagnosis.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

In this study, carp edemavirus disease and herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis were examined in carp (Cyprinus carpio) and crucian carp (Carassius auratus) imported from China. From August 2016 to May 2017, 100 carp and 300 crucian carp were examined. There were no clinical symptoms in all the tested fish, and no internal or external parasitic infections were identified except for the detection of Argulus sp. in one leather carp. Carp edema virus disease was examined by PCR in C. carpio, but all were negative. In C. auratus, herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis was tested by PCR and 4 out of 300 were positive. The results of this study are expected to be useful as basic data for conducting risk analysis on the relevant organisms and counterpart countries or for designating new pathogens for quarantine.