• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.150-157
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• 2006

Bacillus sp. SMMJ-2 producing extracellular keratinolytic protease was isolated from the Swedish soils. The optimal culture conditions for production of keratinolytic protease by Bacillus sp. SMMJ-2 were investigated. The optimal medium compositions for the keratinolytic protease production were 0.7% $K_2HPO_4$, 0.2% $KH_2PO_4$, 1.0% fructose,1.2% soybean meal (roasted), and 0.01% $Na_2CO_3$. Optimal initial pH and temperature for the production of keratinolytic protease were 7.0 and 30$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The keratinolytic protease production showed a maximum of 105 units/ml/min after 72 hours cultivation under the optimal culture conditions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.2149-2161
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• 2000

Nonliving Absidia coerulea and Thraustochitrium sp. were used as biosorbents to remove lead and cobalt that are one of representative pollutant in wastewater and radioactive liquid waste. The optimum pH range for maximum lead and cobalt removal was increased 6.5~11.4 and 8.6~12.0 for Absidia coerulea and 4.2~10.5 and 8.9~11.6 for Thraustochitrium sp. to compared to biosorbent-free control, pH of 8.4~11.2 and 10.5~11.5, respectively. With 1 g biosorbent/L at initial solution pH 5.0. Absidia coerulea and Thraustochitrium sp. took up lead from aqueous solutions to the extent of 104 and 125 mg/g biomass, respectively, whereas Absidia coerulea and Thraustochitrium sp. at initial pH 6.0 took up only 2 and 20 mg/g biomass of cobalt, respectively. For initial 500 mg Pb/L at initial pH 5.0. optimum amount of biosorbent for maximum lead uptake was 0.2 g/L for Absidia coerulea and Thraustochitrium sp., whereas optimum 3.0 g biosorbent/L was needed for initial 200 mg Co/L at initial pH 6.0. Absidia coerulea and Thraustochitrium sp. had higher adsorption capacity for lead than that of cobalt.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.165-169
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• 2006

A Citrobacter sp. MB 2, azo dyes decolorizing bacterium, was isolated from the wastewater and soil and identified as Citrobacter sp.. It was examined that optimum conditions for culture media were 0.5% of sucrose, 1.0% of yeast extract, 0.1% of $K_2HPO_4$, 0.1% of $NaHCO_3$ per distilled water. The best efficient condition of culture was obtained at pH 7.0, $30^{\circ}C$ and aerobic shaking culture. The number of Citrobacter sp. MB2 in optimum medium was increased more than 7 fold compared to basal medium and 50 fold compared to nutrient broth. This strain was exhibited strong resistance against metal salts and antibiotics (ampicillin and penicillin G).

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2000

In order to elucidate chatracteristics of water quality and seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton community in Kyungpo lake, the weekly variation of algal population and 11 environmental factors were investigated from March 1998 to February 1999. A total 121 species of phytoplankton belonged to 57 genera, 4 genera 7 species of the Euglenophyceae, 1 genera 2 species of the Chrysophyceae, 2 genera 3 species of the Cryptophyceae, 1 genera 1 species of the Dinophyceae, 6 genera 9 species of the Cyanophyceae, 28 genera 78 species of the Bacillario-phyceae and 15 genera 21 species of the Chlorophyceae, was identified. Cryptomonas sp., Chamydomonas sp., Nitzschia frustulum, Oscillatoria sp., Lyngbya sp, and Dictyosphaerium pulchellum occurred successively as dominant phytoplankton species from March 1998 to February 1999. Density of phytoplankton cell number showed the peak in early April when Chlamydomoas sp. was dominated. The diversity index of phytoplankton community showed low values in the dominating period of Cryptomonas sp. and Chlamydomonas sp. The concentration of chlorophyll a fluctuated between 1.09 and 107.7$\mu\textrm{g}$ㆍ1$^{-1}$. Water temperature, salinity, DO, conduc tivity and SS were ranged 0.5-27.8$^{\circ}C$, 2.8-25.2 ppt, 4.62-19.21 mgO$_2$ㆍ1$^{-1}$, 5.33-34.76 mS/cm and 0.017-0.184 mgㆍ1$^{-1}$, respectively. Annual means of Secchi disc transparency was 36cm and thai of pH value was 8.5. The concentrations of PO$_4$-P was ranged 0.0012-0.077 mgㆍ1$^{-1}$ , and showed high value from August to October. The concentrations of NO$_2$-N, NO$_3$-N and NH$_4$-N was ranged 0.0011-0.1 mgㆍ1$^{-1}$, 0.074-3.33mgㆍ1$^{-1}$ and 0.0024-0.259 mgㆍ1$^{-1}$, respectively. Among environmental factors, water temperature was negatively correlated with DO, salinity and conductivity, DO was positively correlated with salinity and conductivity. Chlorophyll a, one of the indicies of eutropication in lake, was negatively correlated with NH$_4$-N. The cell density of Cryptomonas sp., which was the most dominant species in this lake, was negatively correlated with transparency. [Kyoungpo lake, Phytoplankton, Cryptomonas sp. , Chlamydomonas sp., Seasonal variation].

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.466-472
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• 1997

Peptides separated from fish paste washing liquid of an Alaska pollak (Theragria chalcogramma) were purified and characterized. The fish paste washing liquid (supernatant) was separated by centrifugation of fish paste homogenate. The fish paste washing liquid of $0.5\%$ concentration was hydrolyzed for 24 hour at $50^{\circ}C$ by immobilized protease in bioreactor and decomposing liquid of protein having $50\%$ decomposing rate (OPA method) was obtained. The crude peptide fractions were obtained from this liquid by Dowex 50w $(H^+)$ column chromatograpy. Purified peptides (SP-fraction peptides) were fractionated by using SP-Sepadex C-25 $(H^+)$ column chromatography. Molecular weights and amino acid compositions of these peptides were estimated by Sephadex G-50 column chromatography and HPLC, respectively. when the washed peptides was eluated with $0.6\~0.9\%\;and\;1.2\~2.0\%$ of NaCl, peptides composed of weakly basic amino acids and strongly basic amino acid were respectively eluted. Molecular weights of each peptide fractions showed the broad distribution from 1,000 Da to 3,000 Da in the order of SP-4>SP-3>SP-2>SP-1. Peptides contained a large quantity of glycine, arginine, glutamic acid, and alanine in the washed peptide and its SP-tractions, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.778-783
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• 2022

This study isolated a new agarase-producing bacterium and characterized its agarase. A new agar-degrading strain was isolated from the seashore of Namhae in Gyeongnam province, Korea, and was purely cultured using the Marine Agar 2216 media. The isolated bacterium was identified as Simiduia sp. SH-2 after 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The crude agarase was obtained from the culture medium of the Simiduia sp. SH-2 strain, and the agar-degrading activity was measured. The highest level of activity of the Simiduia sp. SH-2-derived agar-degrading enzyme was 625 U/l. Agar degradation activity was most significant at 40℃ and pH 7.0. Compared to the activity at 40℃, the relative activity was 31% at 20℃ and 71% at 30℃. Compared to the activity at pH 7.0, the relative activity was 94% and 89% at pH 6.0 and pH 8.0, respectively. Residual activity was greater than 96% after exposure to 20℃ and 30℃ for 2 hr and more than 49% after exposure to 40℃ for 2 hr. Simiduia sp. SH-2 was identified as a strain producing β-agarase that creates neoagarooligosaccharides, such as neoagarotetraose and neoagarohexaose. Therefore, the Simiduia sp. SH-2 strain and its β-agarase are expected to be useful functional material producers in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.61-67
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• 2002

The effect of the Penicillium sp. PS-113 with high phosphate solubilizing activity and Lactobacillus sp. was studied on cucumber growing test in green house. Inoculation of Pemicillium sp. Ps113 $5.0{\times}10^6$cfu/ml and Lactobacillus sp. $6{\times}10^6$cfu/ml were longer than control about 3cm length of cucumber. The average weight was also increased 89.2g more than control. Total product of cucumber was 10,681.7g and it was increased 4517.3g as compared to control. Thus, Inoculations of high phosphate solubilizing microorganism increased in productivity on cucumber.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2002.12a
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• pp.74-82
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• 2002

난용성 인산염을 가용화 시키는 Penicillium sp. PS-113와 Lactobacillus sp. 를 이용하여온실에서 오이에 대한 생육 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 결과는 다음과 같다. Penicillium sp. PS-113 $5.0{\times}106cfu/ml$ + Lactobacillus sp. $6{\times}106cfu/ml $동시 처리구에서 평균 오이 길이는 대조구에 비하여 3cm 더 긴것으로 조사되었고, 오이 낱개의 무게는 310.6g으로 무처리구에 비하여 89.2g 이 증가하였으며, 오이 전체 생산량은 10681.7g로 무처리구와 비교해 볼 때 4517.3g이 많아 생산량이 73% 증가하였다. Penicillium sp. PS-113 $5.0{\times}105cfu/ml$ 단독처리와 Penicillium sp. PS-113 $5.0{\times}105cfu/ml$ + Lactobacillus sp. $6{\times}106cfu/ml$의 동시 처리구도 오이의 평균 무게와 길이에 있어 무처리구보다 약간씩 더 높았다. Penicillium sp. PS-113 $5.0{\times}105cfu/ml$ + Lactobacillus sp. $6{\times}106cfu/ml$의 동시처리구는 무처리에 비하여 오이의 수가 2개 적었으나 오이 전체 생산량은 무처리구에 비하여 Penicillium sp. PS-113 $5.0{\times}105cfu/ml$ 단독 처리구에서 53.7%, Penicillium sp. PS-113 $5.0{\times}104cfu/ml$ + Lactobacillus sp. $6{\times}106cfu/ml$ 동시 처리구에서 48.5% 증가되었다. 따라서 인산가용화균의 처리가 오이의 생산성을 증대시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.702-712
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• 2020

Synthetic nitrite imparts a reddish-pink color to meat and a distinct flavor to meat products, delays lipid oxidation, and inhibits microbial growth and pathogens. However, excessive intake of nitrite might result in the production of carcinogenic nitrosamine, which might increase the risk of cancer in humans. Therefore, we aimed to find an alternative natural colorant for pork sausages. Pork sausages were mixed with 0.014% sodium nitrite (NaNO₂) alone (CON), without either NaNO₂ or purple-fleshed sweet potato powder (PP; CON1), 0.5% PP alone (PP1), 1% PP (PP2) alone, 0.011% NaNO₂ and 0.5% PP (SP1), and 0.011% NaNO₂ and 1% PP (SP2). The sausages were then cooked and stored for physicochemical analysis on days 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20. The a* and W* values were the greatest and lowest in the SP2 and CON1 treatments, respectively (p < 0.05). The concentrations of residual nitrite in the sausages at 20 days decreased in the order of CON > SP1, SP2 > PP2 > PP1, CON1. The fatty acid content was higher, and flavorous amino acids were more in PP2 (p < 0.05). The fatty acid composition was comparable between the SP2 and CON groups, but the contents of glutamic acid and alanine were greater in the SP2 group. In conclusion, SP2 (0.011% NaNO₂ with 1% PP) could be added as a natural colorant for pork sausage production, and NaNO₂ could be substituted with up to 20% PP without detrimental effects on sausage appearance and/or quality.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.88-93
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• 2007

The abundance of earthworm in the agro-ecosystem was assessed on the basis of 1,846 individuals collected from May to October 2006. Material was found from litter layers in soils by hand sorting and digging. They encompassed 3 families, 5 genera, and 15 species. Species composition and abundance were as follows: Amynthas agrestis 20.9%, Amynthas koreanus 20.3%, Amynthas heteropodus 15.4%, Amynthas sp. 8.7%, Drawida japonica 8.0%, Eisenia fetida 7.2%, Amynthas hilgendorfi 7.0%, Bimastos parvus 3.2%, Amynthas hupeiensis 2.5%, Aporrectodea caliginosa 1.8%, Amynthas corticis 1.8%, Aporrectodea tuberculata 1.3%, Eisenia andrei 1.2%, Amynthas sp. 20.4%, and Amynthas sp. 10.3%. Of 1,046 individuals, the A. agrestis, A. koreanus, and A. heteropodus were the most numerous members with abundance of 56.7%. Disc-shaped male pore region is useful for classification of Amynthas, and in the survey, we collected two new species with male discs from lettuce cultivated region, Amynthas sp. 1 Amynthas sp. 2. The clitellate vs. aclitellate ratio of the earthworm was approximately 1.25:1.0.