• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.13
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• pp.469-492
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• 2000

"International Safety Management(ISM) Code" means the International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention as adopted by the Assembly, as may be amended by the International Maritime Organization. This Code have brought into force internationally since 1th July, 1998 by incorporated to the new Chapter Ⅸ in the SOLAS Convention. Accordingly those States which give effect to the SOLAS Convention will have to ensure that rules giving effect to the Code are introduced into their domestic legislation. The purpose of this Code is to provide an international standard for the safe management and operation of ships and for pollution prevention, by this to reduce the maritime casualty which could caused by neglect of person. To achieve this purpose the ISM Code specifies a number of broad 'safety management objectives' for owning or operation companies, and it requires that such companies should establish, implementing and maintain a written Safety Management System(SMS) covering a whole range of safety environmental and related matters. These requirements of the Code could effect on the carrier in some points such as duty of due diligence to care for cargo, due diligence to make the vessel seaworthy and burden of proof etc. In this respect, We should know that the ISM Code could effect on the carrier advantageously or disadvantageously subject to whether the carrier observed the requirement of the ISM Code. Although it does not add cause of liability or increase limitation of liability imposed to the carrier.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.159-162
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• 2007

최근 통신 기술의 발달로 육상이동통신 기술을 해상 및 항공에 확대하려는 시도가 꾸준히 진행되고 있다. 해상 및 항공 통신은 인명 안전을 위한 통신으로 국제 기구에 의해서 최우선적인 보호를 받아 왔다. 그러나 통신 기술의 급속한 발전으로 해상 및 항공 통신망은 기존 음성 위주의 통신망에서 멀티미디어를 처리할 수 있는 디지틀망으로의 전환이 시급히 필요하게 되었다. 해상통신의 경우에는 디지틀 통신 방식을 이용하는 DSC(Digital Selective Calling), AIS(Automatic Identification System) 등을 이미 도입해서 운용 중에 있으며 다른 시스템으로의 확대가 진행 중에 있다. SOLAS 선박뿐 만 아니라 비 SOLAS(Safety Of Life At Sea) 선박들도 디지틀 통신을 활용하면 항행 안전에 매우 도움이 될 것이다. 최근에 ITU-R에서는 VHF(Very High Frequency) 대역에서 데이터 및 이메일 등을 송수신하기 위한 데이터 통신시스템 기술에 대한 논의가 진행 중에 있다. 본고에서는 이 VHF대역 데이터시스템에 대한 기술적 특성을 분석하고 향후 해상통신에서의 디지틀 기술이 도입된 후 전개될 해상통신망에 대해서 기술하였다.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.199-207
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• 2002

Radar Cross Sections(RCS) for the radar targets are measured and their performance characteristics are analyzed through computer simulation. In addition, constructional features for the commercial radar reflectors are investigated. Then, the optimum design condition of a passive-type radar reflector was chosen. The results show that the octahedral-type radar reflector with 10$\lambda$ sized circular plates has best performance in X-band($\lambda$=3.2cm). However, to comply with newly adopted 2000 SOLAS regulations, larger sized circular plate is required to provide at both X-band and S-band.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.85-90
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• 2004

In this paper, we analysed the technical features and characteristics for Ship Security Alert Systems(SSAS). Due to the steady increase in incidents, and partly triggered by the events of 9/11, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) initiated an intense programme of activity, resulting in a conference on maritime security measures during December 2002. IMO SOLAS Regulation XI-2/6 applies to the following types of vessels on international voyages which include passenger ships, including high-speed passenger craft, cargo ships, including high-speed craft, of 500 gross tons and upwards and mobile offshore units. The paper has discussed on international technical trends and its characteristics and provided how to regulate for activating and harmonizing internationally domestic ships.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.89-114
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• 1993

ICLL 66 is the most widely ratified instrument of the IMO and is, along with the International Convention on Safety of life at Sea (SOLAS), the primary document setting forth internationally agreed ship safety standards. ICLL 66 set freeboard requirement based on experience gained from the first Load Line Convention in 1930 and on contemporary developments in ship design. Reexamination of ICLL 66 is indicated by the proliferation of novel ship designs for which it lacks adequate regulations and by significant advancements in analytical seakeeping and deck wetness prediction techniques now available to the designer. In this paper, the Freeboard Advisory Group reviews these issues against the changing climate of the marine industry and maritime administrations, discusses the state of the art in analytical seakeeping programs, and outlines a series of recommendations for the establishment of a new international load line convention for the next century. The steps needs for an international program at IMO are discussed and a new convention is proposed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.305-308
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• 2014

AIS(Automatic Identification System) is a radionavigation equipment for exchanging safety related information between ships as well as ship and shore station, introduced by SOLAS convention and widely used especially in vessel traffic service. The dynamic data of AIS is transmitted at intervals of 2 second to 3 minutes depending on ship's navigational status and speed. However, so often times it happens that some AIS data can not be received due to increasing AIS traffic and it's time slot confliction. In this paper, a revised reporting intervals of AIS dynamic data is proposed in order to decrease AIS data link load.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.541-551
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• 2020

Based on the trend, there have been numerous researches analysing the ship collision risk. However, in this scope, the navigational conditions and external environment are ignored or incompletely considered in training or/and real situation. It has been identified as a significant limitation in the navigational collision risk assessment. Therefore, a novel algorithm of the ship navigational collision risk solving system has been proposed based on basic collision risk and vulnerabilities of marine accidents. The vulnerability can increase the possibility of marine collision accidents. The factors of vulnerabilities including bad weather, tidal currents, accidents prone area, traffic congestion, operator fatigue and fishing boat operating area are involved in the fuzzy reasoning engines to evaluate the navigational conditions and environment. Fuzzy logic is employed to reason basic collision risk using Distance to Closest Point of Approach (DCPA) and Time of Closest Point of Approach (TCPA) and the degree of vulnerability in the specific coastal waterways. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to obtain the integration of vulnerabilities. In this paper, vulnerability factors have been proposed to improve the collision risk assessment especially for non-SOLAS ships such as coastal operating ships and fishing vessels in practice. Simulation is implemented to validate the practicability of the designed navigational collision risk solving system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2007.12a
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• pp.46-48
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• 2007

VTS가 국제적으로 성공하기 위해서는 유엔해양법협약의 기본정신에 따라 IMO차원의 국제협약이 마련되어야 하며, 국내 이행입법이 도입되어 법적 실효성을 확보해야 한다. 또한 주변국가간 협력체제를 통한 광역 VTS의 도입으로 연안국의 관할권을 벗어나는 수역에서의 해양사고발생을 방지하고(사전 예방), 사고선박에 대한 해난구조체계(사후구제)를 효과적으로 운영하기 위한 국제법적 제도가 도입되어야 하므로, 이에 대한 기초검토로써의 의미를 가진다.

• 한국데이터정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.145-158
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• 2003

불완전 데이터 즉, 결측값을 가지는 데이터를 분석할 경우 결측데이터에 대해서 어떠한 처리를 해야할 필요가 있다. 결측데이터에 대한 처리로서 주로 이용되어온 방법으로는 결측값을 포함한 관측값(case)을 제외하는 방법이었다. 이후 여러 방법들이 제안되어 EM알고리즘이나 회귀알고리즘에 의한 추정을 바탕으로 결측값에 대한 추정을 해서 그 추정값으로 결측값을 대치하는 방법을 사용할 수 있게되었다. 본 논문에서는 복수 개의 데이터세트를 생성해서 대치하는 다중대입 소프트인 SOLAS를 소개한다.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 2012

1990년대 말부터 IMO(International Maritime Organization)의 SOLAS(Safety of Life at Sea) 조약에 따라 300톤 이상의 모든 선박에 GMDSS(Global Maritime Distress & Safety System)를 탑재함으로써 전 세계 어디에서나 선박의 조난 및 안전 통신을 위한 육 해상 통합시스템의 기틀이 마련되었다. 최근에는 GMDSS의 현대화와 e-Navigation 개발전략에 따라 해상통신 기술의 디지털화와 음성에서 데이터 통신으로의 큰 변화가 예상된다. 이에 GMDSS 중심의 해상통신 기술현황을 위성, MF(Medium Frequency), HF(High Frequency), VHF(Very High Frequency) 등 다양한 통신 기술에 따라 설명하고 e-Navigation 개발전략에 따라 해상통신 기술의 발전 방향을 살펴보도록 한다.