• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.172-177
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• 2010

This study reports the high-temperature oxidation kinetics, ASR(area specific resistance), and interfacial microstructure of metallic interconnects coated with conductive oxides in oxidation atmosphere at $800^{\circ}C$, The conductive material LSC($La_{0.8}Sr_{0.2}CoO_3$, prepared by Solid State Reaction) was coated on the Crofer22APU. The contact behavior of coating layer/metal substrate was increased by sandblast. The electrical conductivity of the LSC coated Crpfer22APU was measured by a DC two probe four wire method for 4000hr, in air at $800^{\circ}C$. Microstructure and composition of the coated layer interface were investigated by SEM/EDS. These results show that a coated LSC layer prevents the formation and growth of oxide scale such as $Cr_2O_3$ and enhances the long-term stability and electrical performance of metallic interconnects for SOFCs.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.246-250
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• 2011

Effects on sintering and electrical properties of $La_{0.7}Ca_{0.3}Cr_{0.9}Co_{0.1}O_{3-{\delta}}$ system, a interconnect material for cylindrical and flat tubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), have been investigated by Ca-source when using $CaCO_3$ and $CaF_2$. When using $CaCO_3$ and $CaF_2$ was mixing as Ca-source, single phased perovskite solid solution was observed for each sample. The sintering temperature was decreased by $CaF_2$ contents was increased. When using 0.1 mole $CaF_2$ was densely sintered at $1400^{\circ}C$ and relative density was 93.8%. Also, electrical conductivity in oxidation and reducing atmosphere was 47, 4.3 S/cm, respectively, due to $F^-$ ion enhance the electrical conductivity in reducing atmosphere.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.72.2-72.2
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• 2010

평판형 고체산화물 연료전지 스택의 고온 밀봉 구조에 대하여 설명하고 스택 운전 후 사후 분석을 통하여 밀봉재와 금속 분리판의 계면반응에 대하여 고찰하였다. 대표적인 고온 밀봉재인 Barium-Silicate 계 결정화 유리와 Fe-Cr 계 금속 분리판은 스택의 작동온도인 $700{\sim}850^{\circ}C$ 에서 고온 반응을 통하여 계면에 반응생성물을 형성하는 것이 확인되었다. 이러한 계면반응은 장기 운전시 SOFC 스택 성능 저하의 원인이 되고, 열 싸이클(작동온도${\leftrightarrow}$상온)을 가하면 계면반응 생성물이 delamination 되어 밀봉구조가 파괴되어 수명을 단축시키게 된다. 계면반응은 Fe-Cr 계 금속 분리판의 산화물인 Cr 산화물, Fe 산화물이 밀봉유리 소재와 반응을 일으키는 것이 주요 원인으로 판명되었다. SOFC 스택에서 열 싸이클시 계면반응에 의하여 기밀도가 감소하는 현상이 확인되었으며, 밀봉 구조의 어느 부분에서 계면반응이 진행되는지 관찰하였다. 이러한 계면반응을 막기 위해서는 금속 분리판과 밀봉유리 사이에 계면반응을 억제하는 보호층을 형성하는 방법이 효과적이다. 본 연구에서는 보호층으로서 밀봉유리 및 Fe-Cr 계 금속 분리판과의 계면반응성이 낮고 열팽창 계수가 비슷한 Yttria Stabilized Zirconia 층을 APS(Atmospheric Plasma Spray) 공정을 이용하여 형성하였다. 밀봉유리/YSZ 보호층/금속분리판은 gas-tight 한 밀봉 구조를 형성하였으며, YSZ 보호층은 밀봉유리와 Fe-Cr 계 금속 분리판 소재와 계면반응을 효과적으로 억제하는 것이 확인되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.715-719
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• 2007

STS444 with or without $La_{0.9}Sr_{0.1}MnO_3$ (LSM)-coating was contacted to $La_{0.6}Sr_{0.4}Co_{0.2}Fe_{0.8}O_3$ (LSCF) cathode on various electrolyte materials and the polarization resistance $(R_p)$ was measured by impedance spectroscopy. By making a symmetric half-cell and contacting only one side of the cathode with the interconnect, the effect of chromium (Cr) poisoning was separated from the aging effects. When the LSCF cathode was contacted with LSM-coated STS (stainless steel), $R_p$ of LSCF was lower than that contacted with the uncoated STS. Impedance patterns measured for the working electrode (W.E.), the counter electrode (C.E.) at $600^{\circ}C$ in air were analyzed. Normalized data of net Cr effect showed that $Ce_{0.9}Gd_{0.1}O_2$ (GDC) electrolyte is more tolerant to the chromium poisoning than $La_{0.9}Sr_{0.1}Ga_{0.8}Mg_{0.2}$ (LSGM) or 8 mol% $Y_2O_3-doped$ $ZrO_2$ (YSZ) electrolytes.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1033-1041
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• 2007

This paper studied the characteristics of performance and temperature in a unit cell of a planar type SOFC under various conditions by employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In order to derive thermal stress distribution and performance characteristics, the 3-D model simulation for a single channel was performed in various conditions which include interconnect materials $(LaCrO_3/AISI430)$, gas flow direction (co-flow/counter-flow) and inlet temperature (923 K/1173 K). From these results of a single channel, the most effective conditions were applied to the unit stack with multi-channel and the temperature distribution is displayed. Considering both thermal stress and performance, the best combination is 923 K inlet temperature, counter-flow and interconnector of stainless steel. As the end results, flow, thermal and current density distributions were found in the model with multi-channel applied to the best combination and were concentrated in the middle of channels than in the edge.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.94-99
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• 2004

Anode-supported flat tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) was investigated to increase the cell power density. The anode-supported flat tube was fabricated by extrusion process. The porosity and pore size of Ni/YSZ ($8mol\%$ yttria-stabilized zirconia) cermet anode were $50.6\%\;and\;0.23{\mu}m$, respectively. The Ni particles in the anode were distributed uniformly and connected well to each other particles in the cermet anode. YSZ electrolyte layer and multilayered cathode composed of $LSM(La_{0.85}Sr_{0.15})_{0.9}MnO_3)/YSZ$ composite, LSM, and $LSCF(La_{0.6}Sr_{0.4}Co_{0.2}Fe_{0.7}O_3)$ were coated onto the anode substrate by slurry dip coating, subsequently. The anode-supported flat tubular cell showed a performance of $300mW/cm^2 (0.6V,\; 500 mA/cm^2)\;at\;500^{\circ}C$. The electrochemical characteristics of the flat tubular cell were examined by ac impedance method and the humidified fuel enhanced the cell performance. Areal specific resistance of the LSM-coated SUS430 by slurry dipping process as metallic interconnect was $148m{\Omega}cm^2\;at\;750^{\circ}C$ and then decreased to $148m{\Omega}cm^2$ after 450hr. On the other hand, the LSM-coated Fecralloy by slurry dipping process showed a high area specific resistance.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.13-16
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• 2008

Solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC) is an electrochemical energy conversion system with high efficiency and low-emission of pollution. In order to reduce the operating temperature of SOFC system under $800^{\circ}C$, the thickness reduction of YSZ electrolyte to be as thin as possible, e.g., less than 10 ${\mu}m$ are considered with the microstructure control and optimum design of unit cell. Methods for reducing the thickness of YSZ electrolyte have been investigated in coin cell. Moreover, a large unit cell($8cm{\times}8cm$) for SOFC was fabricated using an anode-supported electrolyte assembly with a thinner electrolyte layer, which was prepared by a tape casting method with a co-sintering technique. we studied the design factors such as active layer, electrolyte thickness, cathode composition, etc,. by the coin type of unit cell ahead of the fabrication process of a large unit cell and also reviewed about the evaluation technique of a large size unit cell such as interconnect design, sealing materials and current collector and so forth. Electrochemical evaluations of the unit cells, including measurements such as power density and impedance, were performed and analyzed. Maximum power density and polarization impedance of coin cell were 0.34W/$cm^2$ and $0.45{\Omega}cm^2$ at $800^{\circ}C$, respectively. However, Maxium power density of a large unit cell($5cm{\times}5cm$) decreased to 0.21W/$cm^2$ at $800^{\circ}C$ due to the increase of ohmic resistance. However, It was found that the potential value of a large unit cell loaded by 0.22A/$cm^2$ showed 0.76V at 100hrs without the degradation of unit cell.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.200-200
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• 2003

고체산화물 연료전지(SOFC)에서 사용되는 연결재의 주 기능은 각 단위 셀의 연료극과 다음 셀의 공기극을 전기적으로 연결하여, 공기와 사용연료의 분리역할을 하기 위하여 사용된다. SOFC용 연결재는 다른 구성요소 소재보다, 높은 전자 전도성, 낮은 이온전도성, 우수한 기계 적강도가 요구되며, SOFC는 고온에서 작동되기 때문에, 상온에서 작동온도까지 다른 요소 소재들과 유사한 열팽창계수와 물리, 화학적으로 안정성이 요구된다. 현재 연결재 제조기술은 EVD, CVD, plasma spraying, tape casting 등 다양하게 연구되고 있으며, 본 연구는 세라믹 연결재 증착방법 중 저렴한 비용으로 대량 생산이 용이한 습식법(dip coaling)을 적용하여, 연료극 지지체식 flat-tube형 고체산화물 연료전지의 지지체를 위해 세라믹 연결재를 제조하고, 그 특성을 연구하였다. 세라믹 연결재로써 선정한 합성조성은 LaCr $O_3$에 Ca이 치환 고용된 L $a_{0.6}$C $a_{0.41}$Cr $O_3$으로 pechini법으로 합성하였다. 합성된 조성은 100$0^{\circ}C$에서 5시간 하소후 가속 Ball Milling하여 0.5$\mu\textrm{m}$의 평균입자크기를 얻을 수 있었다. XRD 상분석결과 perovskite상 (L $a_{1-x}$ Ca/x/Cr $O_3$)과 CaCr $O_4$를 얻을 수 있었다. slurry를 제조하여 막의 밀착성을 증진시키기 위해 sand blasting시킨 flat tube지지체에 진공펌프를 이용하여 소재내부와 외부의 압력차로 dip coating한 후, 140$0^{\circ}C$로 소결 하였다. coating 결과 박리현상은 없었으나, 표면과 단면의 SEM분석결과 다소 porous한 박막층이 형성되었으며, Ca이온이 지지체로 permeation되는 현상이 발생하였다. 이와 같은 결과로부터 보다 치밀한 박막생성을 위해, slurry 제조조건을 변화시켰으며, Ca이온의 migration을 막기 위해 barrier layer를 이용하였다 완전 소결된 지지체는 가스투과도와 전기전도도측정을 통하여 특성을 평가하였다.였다.다.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.373-380
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• 2001

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) have received considerable attention because of the advantages of high effiiciency, low pollution, cogeneration application and excellent integration with simplified reformer In this paper, we reported development of anode-tubular SOFC by wet process. For making tubular cell, Ni-cermet YSZ anode tube was fabricated using extrusion process, and YSZ electrolyte layer and LSM-YSZ composite, LSM, LSCF cathode layer were coated onto the anode supported tube using slurry dipping process and sintered by co-firing process. By using this tubular cell, we fabricated single cell consisted of the various cathode layers and 4 cell stack with an effective area of $75 cm^2$ per single cell, and evaluated their performance characteristics.

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.297-302
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• 2004