• Title/Summary/Keyword: SOC (state-of-charge)

Search Result 231, Processing Time 0.03 seconds

Electro-Thermal Model Based-Temperature Estimation Method of Lithium-Ion Battery for Fuel-Cell and Battery Hybrid Railroad Propulsion System (하이브리드 철도차량 시스템의 전기-열 모델 기반 리튬이온 배터리 온도 추정 방안)

  • Park, Seongyun;Kim, Jaeyoung;Kim, Jonghoon;Ryu, Joonhyoung;Cho, Inho
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
    • /
    • v.26 no.5
    • /
    • pp.357-363
    • /
    • 2021
  • Eco-friendly hybrid railroad propulsion system with fuel-cell and battery was suggested to reduce carbon dioxide gas and replace retired diesel railroads. Lithium-ion battery with high energy/power density and long lifetime is selected as the energy source at the battery side due to its excellent performance. However, the performance of lithium-ion batteries was affected by temperature, current rate, and operating condition. Temperature is known to be the most influential factor in changing battery parameters. In addition, appropriate thermal management is required to ensure the safe and effective operation of lithium-ion battery. Electro-thermal coupled model with varying parameter depends on temperature, and state-of-charge (SOC) is suggested to estimate battery temperature. The electric-thermal coupled model contains diffusion current using parameter identification by adaptive control algorithm when considering thermal diffusion effect. An experiment under forced convection was conducted using cylindrical cell and 18 parallel-connected battery module to demonstrate the method.

The Basic Research of Screening for Optimal Voltage Balancing of a Li-Ion Battery (최적의 전압 밸런싱을 위한 배터리 스크리닝의 방법 연구)

  • Kim, J.H.;Shin, J.W.;Chun, C.Y.;Kim, W.S.;Cho, B.H.
    • Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
    • /
    • 2009.11a
    • /
    • pp.262-264
    • /
    • 2009
  • 일반적으로, 단위 배터리간의 직/병렬 연결을 통해 구성되는 팩은 이를 구성하는 각 배터리간의 상이한 전기화학적 특성으로 인해 전압 불균형이 존재한다. 이러한 전압 불균형은 팩의 노화 및 성능을 저하시키는 원인이 된다. 이러한 전압불균형을 없애기 위해 전압과 State of Charge(SOC)를 이용한 밸런싱 회로가 폭넓게 연구되고 있다. 하지만, 이러한 연구는 대체적으로, 다른 특성을 가지는 단위 배터리로 구성되는 팩의 밸런싱 방법이다. 따라서, 동일하고 균일한 특성을 갖는 배터리들을 미리 선별하여 팩을 구성한다면, 밸런싱의 전반적인 효율증대가 기대된다. 본 논문에서는 최적의 전압 밸런싱을 위한 스크리닝(Screening)의 새로운 방법을 연구하였다. 용량과 모델 파라미터(Lumped resistance;$R_{Diff}$)를 스크리닝의 척도로 고려하였고, 전압 불균형을 최대한 줄이기 위해 용량, 모델 파라미터의 순으로 스크리닝을 진행하였다. 또한, 전압패턴인식을 이용한 판별법을 통해 제안된 스크리닝 방법을 검증하였다.

  • PDF

Absolute Capacity Estimation Method with Temperature Effect for a Small Lithium-polymer Battery (온도의 영향성을 고려한 리튬폴리머 전지의 절대용량 추정 방법)

  • Kim, Hankyong;Kwak, Kiho
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.19 no.1
    • /
    • pp.26-34
    • /
    • 2016
  • Military devices and systems powered by batteries need to operate at extreme temperature and estimate the available capacity of the battery at different temperature conditions. However, accurate estimation of battery capacity is challenging due to the temperature-sensitive nature of electrochemical energy storage. In this paper, Peukert's equation with temperature factor is derived, and methods for estimating the absolute capacity of lithium-polymer battery and the state-of-charge(SOC) with respect to varying currents and temperatures are presented. The proposed estimation method is experimentally verified under three different discharge currents(0.5 A, 1 A, 3 A) and six different temperatures ranging from -30 to 45 deg. C. The results show the proposed method reduces the Peukert's estimation error by up to 30 % under or at extreme condition.

Hybrid Vehicle Battery Modeling using Boundary Condition (경계조건을 반영한 하이브리드 자동차 배터리 모델링)

  • Lee, Jae-Joong;Lee, June-Sang;Bae, Hyun-Ju;Kim, Mi-Ro;Kweon, Hyck-Su;Nah, Wan-Soo
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
    • /
    • 2011.07a
    • /
    • pp.1678-1679
    • /
    • 2011
  • 고속/고전압으로 동작하는 자동차 전장품에 대한 EMI/EMC(Electromagnetic Interfere / Electromagnetic Compatibility) 문제는 기존의 PCB(Printed Circuit Board)에서의 문제와 다르며 하이브리드/전기 자동차에서 중요하게 다뤄지는 배터리에 대한 최적화 된 모델링 방법이 본 논문에 소개 되어있다. 기존의 단순한 저항과 커패시터의 연결로 표현 된 모델링이 아닌 고주파를 반영 할 수 있는 모델링 방법을 사용하였다. 이를 분석하기 위해 ANSYS사의 Simplorer와 Matlab을 사용해서 결과를 보았다. 본 논문에서는 DOD(Depth Of Discharge)에 따른 통합 등가회로 모델을 구현하면서 기존의 단순한 지수함수 곡선적합(Curve fitting)이 아닌 SOC(State Of Charge)의 경계조건을 반영하여 정확성을 높였다. 이로써 실험 데이터를 이용해 배터리 등가회로 모델링을 하여 정확한 배터리 동작의 해석을 할 수 있고 이에 따른 전도성 방사(CE : Conducted Emission)문제에 보다 쉽게 접근 할 수 있다.

  • PDF

Development of BMS for High Efficiency Lithium-Polymer Battery (고효율 리튬폴리머 축전지 관리시스템 개발)

  • Shin, Hyun-Joo;Ko, Young-Cheol;Kim, Deak-Ho;Bae, Eun-Seoub;Lee, Se-Hyun
    • Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
    • /
    • 2009.11a
    • /
    • pp.111-113
    • /
    • 2009
  • 침몰한 잠수함 승조원의 구조용으로 사용되는 구난잠수정은 주 전원과 보조전원으로 축전지가 필수적으로 사용된다. 그러나 사용 중인 축전지 모듈이나 뱅크의 일부 셀(Cell)에 불량이 발생하면 전체 축전지 뱅크의 기능이 저하되어 구난정 시스템을 적절히 운영하지 못하여 제대로 임무를 수행하지 못하거나 커다란 손실을 가져온다. 그리고 축전지에 과 충전이나 과 방전이 발생하면 축전지가 폭발하여 화재가 발생하거나 축전지 내부 구조의 파괴로 더 이상 사용 못하는 경우가 발생한다. 따라서 이와 같이 축전지에 손상을 줄 수 있는 상황을 미연에 방지하여 축전지가 최적의 동작 상태를 유지할 수 있도록 해주고 전체 시스템의 신뢰성을 향상시키기 위하여 본 논문에서는 구조잠수정용 리튬폴리머 (Lithium Polymer) 축전지 관리장치의 개발을 수행하였다. 본 논문을 통해 축전지 관리 장치(BMS : Battery Management System)의 핵심기술인 H/W 및 S/W 설계기술, 각 Cell의 전압 제어기술, SOC(State of Charge) 제어 알고리즘 도출 및 시스템 운영 기술을 구현하였으며 개발된 알고리즘과 기능은 충 방전 부하시험과 한국 선급인증시험을 통해 유효한 방식임을 확인하였다.

  • PDF

Development of Online Battery Management System for Uninterruptible Power Supply (무정전 전원공급장치용 온라인 배터리 관리시스템 개발)

  • Nam Jong-ha;Choi Jin-Hong;Kim Seung-Jong;Kim Jae-Woong
    • Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
    • /
    • 2004.07b
    • /
    • pp.830-833
    • /
    • 2004
  • UPS 시스템에서 정전시 안정적인 전력공급을 방해하는 요소의 대부분은 배터리의 불량이 차지하고 있다. 일반적으로 UPS 시스템에 적용되는 배터리는 일정시간이 경과되면 전체를 교체하는 관리시스템을 가지며, 주기적인 방전시험을 실시하지만 교체기준에 대한 명확한 방안이 마련되어 있지 않다. 일부에서는 배터리의 내부저항 혹은 임피던스를 측정하여 배터리의 교체여부를 판단하는 기준으로 삼고 있지만 배터리의 비선형적 특성으로 인하여 그 오차범위는 크다고 할 수 있다. 또한 배터리는 부동충전시에는 정상적인 특성을 보이지만 방전시 불량 특성이 나타나는 경우가 많고, 리튬-이온 배터리의 경우 내부저항은 수십$[m\Omega]$의 비교적 큰 값을 가지지만 UPS에 적용되는 납축전지의 경우 수$[m\Omega]$ 정도의 아주 낮은 내부저항을 가져 측정오차에 의해 불량 여부를 명확히 판단하지 못하는 경우가 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점에 착안하여 평상시에는 배터리의 개별셀 전압, 온도, 전체전압 및 보관함의 온도, 충방전 전류, SOC(State of Charge)를 현장 및 원격지의 모니터링 PC로 전송하여 사용자에게 보여주며, 정전으로 인한 방전시에는 내부저항과 개별셀의 용량을 계산하고 이를 통해 교체시기를 결정할 수 있도록 구성되어 있으며, 실험을 통해 타당성을 확인하였다.

  • PDF

Comparison of Control Strategies for Military Series-Type HEVs in Terms of Fuel Economy Based on Vehicle Simulation (시뮬레이션을 이용한 군용 직렬형 HEV 의 주행 전략에 따른 연비 성능 비교에 관한 연구)

  • Jung, Dae-Bong;Kim, Hyung-Jun;Kang, Hyung-Mook;Park, Jae-Man;Min, Kyoung-Doug;Seo, Jung-Il
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
    • /
    • v.36 no.1
    • /
    • pp.31-36
    • /
    • 2012
  • Military vehicles, compared to conventional vehicles, require higher driving performance, quieter operation, and longer driving distances with minimal fuel supplies. The series hybrid electric vehicle can be driven with no noise and has high initial startup performance, because it uses only a traction motor that has a high startup torque to drive the vehicle. Moreover, the fuel economy can be improved if the vehicle is hybridized. In series hybrid electric vehicles, the electric generation system, which consists of an engine and a generator, supplies electric energy to a battery or traction motor depending on the vehicle driving state and battery state of charge (SOC). The control strategy determines the operation of the generation system. Thus, the fuel economy of the series hybrid electric vehicle relies on the control strategy. In this study, thermostat, power-follower, and combined strategies were compared, and a 37% improvement in the fuel economy was implemented using the combined control strategy suggested in this study.

Effect of Thermal Management of Lithium-Ion Battery on Driving Range of Electric Vehicle (리튬이온 배터리의 열관리가 전기자동차 주행거리에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Chul-Eun;Yoo, Se-Woong;Jeong, Young-Hwan;Kim, Kibum
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
    • /
    • v.18 no.5
    • /
    • pp.22-28
    • /
    • 2017
  • The performance of lithium ion batteries used in electric vehicles (EV) varies greatly depending on the battery temperature. In this paper, the finite difference method was used to evaluate the temperature change, state of charge (SOC), internal resistance, and voltage change of the battery due to heat generation in the battery. The simulation model was linked with AMESim to calculate the driving range of an EV traveling in New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) mode. As the temperature dropped below $25^{\circ}C$, the internal resistance of the battery increased, which increased the amount of heat generated and decreased the driving range of EV. At battery temperatures above $25^{\circ}C$, the driving range was also decreased due to reduced SOC that deteriorated the battery performance. The battery showed optimal performance and the driving range was maximized at $25^{\circ}C$. When battery temperatures of $-20^{\circ}C$ and $45^{\circ}C$, the driving range of EV decreased by 33% and 1.8%, respectively. Maintaining the optimum battery temperature requires heating the battery at low temperature and cooling it down at high temperature through efficient battery thermal management. Approximately 500 W of heat should be supplied to the battery when the ambient temperature is $-20^{\circ}C$, while 250 W of heat should be removed for the battery to be maintained at $25^{\circ}C$.

Performance simulation of an electric multi-purpose cultivator according to rotary tillage

  • Seung-Yun, Baek;Wan-Soo, Kim;Seung-Min, Baek;Hyeon-Ho, Jeon;Jun-Ho, Lee;Dae-Hyun, Lee;Kyu-Hong, Choi;Yong-Joo, Kim;Seung-Muk, Choi
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
    • /
    • v.48 no.4
    • /
    • pp.1027-1037
    • /
    • 2021
  • This study aims to evaluate the performance of an electric multi-purpose cultivator through a simulation analysis. The simulation model was developed using commercial software, Simulation X, by applying the specifications of certain parts, such as an electric motor, a battery, and so on. The input parameter of the simulation was the engine load data according to the rotary tillage level using a conventional multi-purpose cultivator. The data were collected by configuring a load measurement system, and the load cycle was developed by repeating the data collection process under the most severe conditions. The average output engine torque values of conventional multi-purpose cultivator were 10.7, 13.0, 9.4, and 11.2 Nm in the D1P1, D1P2, D2P1, and D2P2 conditions, respectively. As a result of the simulation, the maximum values of the motor torque, rotational speed, and power of the electric multi-purpose cultivator were 16.8 Nm, 2,033.3 rpm, and 3.3 kW, respectively, and the motor was driven in sections within 70, 68, and 45% of the maximum output range. The rate of decrease of the battery state of charge (SOC) level per minute was approximately 0.6%, and it was possible to supply electric power to the motor for 9,550 sec. In the future study, research to verify and improve simulation models of electric multi-purpose cultivators should be conducted.

Energy Management and Performance Evaluation of Fuel Cell Battery Based Electric Vehicle

  • Khadhraoui, Ahmed;SELMI, Tarek;Cherif, Adnene
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
    • /
    • v.22 no.3
    • /
    • pp.37-44
    • /
    • 2022
  • Plug-in Hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) show great potential to reduce gas emission, improve fuel efficiency and offer more driving range flexibility. Moreover, PHEV help to preserve the eco-system, climate changes and reduce the high demand for fossil fuels. To address this; some basic components and energy resources have been used, such as batteries and proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells (FCs). However, the FC remains unsatisfactory in terms of power density and response. In light of the above, an electric storage system (ESS) seems to be a promising solution to resolve this issue, especially when it comes to the transient phase. In addition to the FC, a storage system made-up of an ultra-battery UB is proposed within this paper. The association of the FC and the UB lead to the so-called Fuel Cell Battery Electric Vehicle (FCBEV). The energy consumption model of a FCBEV has been built considering the power losses of the fuel cell, electric motor, the state of charge (SOC) of the battery, and brakes. To do so, the implementing a reinforcement-learning energy management strategy (EMS) has been carried out and the fuel cell efficiency has been optimized while minimizing the hydrogen fuel consummation per 100km. Within this paper the adopted approach over numerous driving cycles of the FCBEV has shown promising results.