• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.129.1-129.1
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• 2010

석탄가스화로부터 얻어진 합성가스는 CO, $H_2$가 주성분으로, 그 자체를 연료로 사용하여 발전을 하거나 또는 적절한 정제, 분리 및 합성을 통해 다양한 원료물질을 생산할 수 있다. 이러한 석탄의 청정 사용 기술은 최근의 에너지 분야에서 많은 관심을 불러일으키고 있는 고유가 현상 및 석유자원 고갈에 대비할 수 있는 현실적인 방법의 하나로 여겨지고 있다. 석유를 대체할 에너지원으로서 석탄을 이용하는 다양한 응용 방법 중의 하나로 가스화 반응을 통해 발생하는 합성가스를 이용한 SNG 제조 공정을 들 수 있는데, 이는 석탄 등의 고체 시료를 이용하여 메탄이 주성분인 연료가스를 생산하는 것이다. SNG(Synthesis Natural Gas 또는Substitute Natural Gas)는 합성천연가스 또는 대체천연가스로 불리어지는데 주로 석탄의 가스화를 통해 얻어진 합성가스(syngas 또는 synthesis gas)인 CO, $H_2$를 촉매에 의한 합성반응을 통해 얻을 수 있다. SNG 합성 반응(메탄화 반응)은 보통 수성가스 전환 공정과 가스 정제 공정을 거친 합성가스를 $CH_4$로 전환하는 것으로 석탄을 이용한 SNG 제조 공정에서 가장 핵심 공정인 메탄화 반응은 높은 발열반응으로 주로 니켈 촉매를 사용하며 $250{\sim}400^{\circ}C$에서 반응이 이루어진다. SNG 합성 반응은 공급되는 합성가스의 조성($H_2$/CO 비), 공급되는 합성가스의 유량과 반응기에 충진된 촉매의 부피와의 관계를 나타낸 공간속도, 반응온도 등의 조건에 따라 반응 특성이 달라질 수 있다. 가스화 반응을 통해 생성되는 합성가스를 이용한 SNG 합성반응(메탄화 반응)의 특성을 파악하기 위하여 Lab-scale 규모의 고정층 반응기를 이용하여 Ni 함량이 다른 2종류의 촉매를 대상으로 반응온도 및 압력에 따른 CO 전환율, $CH_4$ 선택도, $CH_4$ 생산성 변화를 파악하였다. 실험 결과 반응기의 온도가 350도 이상의 조건에서 CO 전환율은 99.8%이상, $CH_4$ 선택도는 90.7%이상으로 나타났으며, 공간속도가 2,000 1/h 이상의 조건에서는 $CH_4$ 생산성이 500 ml/g-cat, h을 만족하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.153-158
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• 2007

• Clean Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2014

In this work, we performed the methanation with steam and synthesis gas of a low $H_2/CO$ ratio to develop a process for producing SNG (synthetic natural gas). In this experiment conditions, the water gas shift reaction and the methanation reaction take place at the same time, and insufficient supply of steam might cause the deactivation of the catalyst. Therefore, the reaction characteristics with the amount of steam was performed, and the methanation on syngas containing $CO_2$ of the high concentration were studied. As a result, the temperature in the catalyst bed decreased by the supply of steam, and the methanation and the water gas shift reaction occurred at the same time. Although methane yield slightly decreased at the methanation using syngas containing $CO_2$ of the high concentration, the long-term operation (1,000 h) in the experimental conditions of this study indicates that this condition is suitable for the new commercial scale SNG process.

• Clean Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 2018

In this work, we performed the methanation reaction using synthesis gas ($H_2/CO_2$) for the process to produce synthetic natural gas (SNG) for $4^{th}$ methanation reactor in SNG process proposed by RIST-IAE. Experimental conditions were changed with temperature, pressure and space velocity. At this time, $CO_2$ conversion, $CH_4$ selectivity and $H_2$ concentration after reaction were investigated. As a result, $CH_4$ selectivity by the $CO_2$ methanation increased with lower space velocity and higher pressure. On the other hand, in the case of temperature, the maximum value was shown at $320^{\circ}C$. From these results, it was found that the optimum condition of the fourth reactor suitable for the SNG process was obtained.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.30-40
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• 2010

Syngas from gasification of coal can be converted to SNG(Synthesis Natural Gas) through gas cleaning, water gas shift, $CO_2$ removal, and methanation. One of the key technologies involved in the production of SNG is the methanation process. In the methanation process, carbon oxide is converted into methane by reaction with hydrogen. Major factors of methanation are hydrogen-carbon oxide ratio, reaction temperature and space velocity. In order to understand the catalytic behavior, temperature programmed surface reaction (TPSR) experiments and reaction in a fixed bed reactor of carbon monoxide have been performed using two commercial catalyst with different Ni contents (Catalyst A, B). In case of catalyst A, CO conversion was over 99% at the temperature range of $350{\sim}420^{\circ}C$ and CO conversions and $CH_4$ selectivity were lower at the space condition over 3000 1/h. In case of catalyst B, CO conversion was 100% at the temperature over $370^{\circ}C$ and CO conversions and $CH_4$ selectivity were lower at the space condition over 4700 1/h. Also, conditions to satisfy $CH_4$ productivity over 500 ml/h.g-cat were over 2000 1/h of space velocity in case of catalyst A and over 2300 1/h of space velocity in case of catalyst B.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.491-497
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• 2011

In this work, we proposed the three different reactor systems for evaluating of synthetic natural gas(SNG) processes using the synthesis gas consisting of CO and $H_2$ and reactor systems to be considered are series adiabatic reaction system, series adiabatic reaction system with the recirculation and cooling wall type reaction system. The maximum temperature of the first adiabatic reactor in series adiabatic reaction system raised to 800. From the these results, carbon dioxide in product gas as compared to other systems was increased more than that expected due to water gas shift reaction(WGSR) and the maximum $CH_4$ concentration in SNG was 90.1%. In series adiabatic reaction system with the recirculation as a way to decrease the temperature in catalyst bed, the maximum $CH_4$ concentration in SNG was 96.3%. In cooling wall type reaction system, the reaction heat is absorbed by boiling water in the shell and the reaction temperature is controlled by controlling the amount of flow rate and pressure of feed water. The maximum $CH_4$ concentration in SNG for cooling wall type reaction system was 97.9%. The main advantage of the cooling wall type reaction system over adiabatic systems is that potentially it can be achieve almost complete methanation in one reactor.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.74.1-74.1
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• 2011

As a demand for energy, many studies are increasing about energy resource. One of these resources is coal which reserves of underground. A lot of research to use coal is going on as method of IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle). In addition, SNG(Substitute Natural Gas) and IGFC (Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell) are also being developed for fuel & electricity. This technology which uses synthesis gas after gasification is to produce electricity from the Fuel Cell. At this point, important thing is the components of synthesis gas. The main objective is to increase the proportion of methane and hydrogen in synthesis gas. The catalytic gasification is suitable to enhance the composition of methane and hydrogen. In this study, Exxon Predevelopment catalyst gasification study was served as a good reference and then catalytic gasification simulation process is conducting using Aspen Plus in this research. For this modelling, kinetic value should be calculated from Exxon's report which is used for modeling catalytic gasification. Catalytic gasification model was performed by following above method and was analyzed by thermodynamic method through simulation results.