• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.182-186
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• 2020

As all flight training institutions in Korea were approved by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT) as aviation training organizations (ATO), safety management based on the Aviation Safety Management System (SMS) became mandatory. However, even though safety management using SMS has become mandatory, the performance of aviation safety voluntary report, which is the core of the system, remains low compared to other countries. The current address of SMS, a ATO, is like a watermill without water. The present study is to find out why voluntary aviation safety reports, which is equivalent to water from waterwheel, is underperforming and to suggest ways to revitalize it.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2001.05b
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• pp.679-684
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• 2001

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.682-686
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• 2006

There have been increasing interests in 3D mobile content service with emergence of a terminal equipping with a mobile 3D engine and growth of mobile content market. Mobile 3D Avatar is the most effective product displaying the character of a personalized mobile device user. However, previous studies on the method of expressing 3D Avatar have been mainly focused on natural and realistic expressions according to the change in facial expressions and lip shape of a character in PC based virtual environments. In this paper, we propose a method of synchronizing the lip shape with voice by applying a SMS message received in mobile environments to 3D mobile Avatar. The proposed method enables to realize a natural and effective SMS message reading service of mobile Avatar by disassembling a received message sentence into units of a syllable and then synchronizing the lip shape of 3D Avatar with the corresponding voice.

• IE interfaces
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.193-207
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• 1998

The agriculture and fishery share in the Korean GDP is continuously decreasing after 1960s. Furthermore the proportion of these industries in the GDP has diminished as low as 10 percent in recent years. However, the stockbreeding sector in these industries are considerably expanded. More than 50 percent of the whole farmhouses are involved in the livestock farming, and the stock farming portion is steadily increased in its size and scope. Thus, the mechanization and the automization of stockbreeding equipments are greatly required to reduce down production cost, as well as to win the competitiveness in the global market. From this aspect, developed in this paper is a stockbreeding management system (SMS) for dairy cattle, which can be used in small and medium sized dairy farms. First, the basic schema of the stockbreeding management system are addressed in view of stockbreeding management for individual dairy cattle. Electronic identification (EI) systems and sensory devices have changed stockbreeding management strategy from group stock control into individual stock control manner. The SMS receives stock body measurement data through the sensory devices such as weight, temperature, and milk conductivity meters. A common database then integrates those measuring data together so that the SMS can determine the appropriate solution on each stock's breeding such as feeding and milking. Thus, each stock can be supervised by a sophisticated SMS that provides the best solution to the stockbreeding throughout the stock's whole life-cycle. Secondly. six major submodules of the SMS, based on the EI and sensory devices, are proposed. They are individual stock management, disease management, health management, feeding management, milking management, and a propagation management submodule. Finally, a prototype system for the SMS is demonstrated. The system is developed using Delphi 2 client-server system run under the Windows 95 environment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.671-676
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• 2015

The ripening durations and ingredients for the Salchichon sausages were modified to increase pork rear leg consumption by Korean consumers. The salchichon, a ripened pork sausage, was produced to evaluate the efficacy of two different ripening durations with and without rosemary powder on salchichon sausage quality, and the treatments were: i) 45 days of ripening without rosemary, ii) 60 days of ripening without rosemary, iii) 45 days of ripening with 0.05% rosemary, and iv) 60 days of ripening with 0.05% rosemary. Significant differences were observed in both moisture and fat content for ripening durations, with the highest moisture and least fat content observed in salchichon modified sausage (SMS) ripened for 45 days. Ripening duration and rosemary addition appeared to influence water activity ($a_w$) of salchichon sausages. The $a_w$ of SMS ripened for 45 days was 0.80, whereas the other had $a_w$ values <0.80. Lactic acid bacteria were predominant, as Korean traditional fermented red pepper paste was added to sausages; however, the Bacillus cereus population was significantly affected by rosemary powder addition. Chewiness and gumminess decreased significantly due to the addition of rosemary powder compared to SMS without rosemary powder, and both 45 days of ripening and rosemary powder addition influenced the hardness of SMS. In conclusion, ripening duration of SMS for 45 days in the presence of rosemary powder provided superior SMS quality with an economical ripening duration compared to that of ripening with rosemary powder or ripening for 60 days.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2015

Created, but the development of mobile devices to have a margin of life have appeared in the opposite forces that are considered to be the target of financial crime and attacks them. Financial crime among crimes that target the smartphone SMS phishing, phishing, pharming, phishing, etc. voice and, in particular, a phenomenon that is growing a lot of SMS phishing is by nature a text message to your mobile. Ye Jin proactive rather than post responses in order to be safe from the SMS phishing attack individuals and businesses, and asset protection is even more important in the country. For this, the SMS phishing attack detected in advance and that can block the development program, it is necessary to deploy.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.231-238
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• 2016

Objectives: This study used repeated intravenous injections of Saeng Maek San (SMS) injection in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to assess the toxicity and the stability of SMS. Methods: Six-week-old male and female SD rats reared by Orient bio Inc were chosen for this pilot study. They were randomly split into four groups: Group 1 (G1), the control group (0.3 mL of normal saline solution/day/animal), and Groups 2, 3 and 4 (G2, G3 and G4), the experimental groups (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mL/day/animal of SMS), respectively. Each animal received an intravenous injection of SMS once a day for four weeks. Clinical signs, body weight changes, and food consumption were monitored during the observation period, and urinalysis and hematology were conducted after four weeks of SMS or saline administration. Results: No deaths occurred in any of the four groups during the observation period. Compared to the control group, male and female rats in groups 3 and 4 (0.2 and 0.3 mL/animal/day) showed hemoglobinuria, but the low-dosage group (G2, 0.1 mL/animal/day) showed no significant changes in the clinical signs test. No significant changes due to SMS were observed in the experimental groups regarding body weight changes, food consumption urinalysis, or hematology. Conclusion: During this study, no mortalities were observed in any of the experimental groups and no hemoglobinuria was observed in the low dosage group (0.1 mL/animal/day) while it was intermittently observed in groups 3 and 4 (0.2 and 0.3 mL/animal/day). Thus, we suggest that the no-observed adverse-effect level (NOAEL) is 0.1 mL/animal/day in male and female SD rats.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 2007

This study was conducted to determine the minimal yield of spent mushroom substrates (SMS) and physicochemical characteristics of Pleurotus ryngii, Pleurotus osteratus and Ammulina velutipes according to mushroom species and cultivation types. The annual yield of SMS in 2004 was minimally 1,670,182M/T and 10.7-fold of the mushroom yield. The yield of SMS for Pleurotus ryngii, Pleurotus osteratus and Ammulina velutipes was 972,141M/T and was 58.2% of the total yield of SMS. Data from the chemical analysis of totally 109 SMS samples revealed that bed type cultivation showed low NDF (65.2%), high NFC (12.7%) and high ash (11.5%) contents (P<0.05), resulting in better nutritional characteristics compared with bottle or vinyl bag cultivation. In general, it was more desirable to classify SMS by cultivation types rather than by mushroom species for the effective use of SMS as an animal feed. Among cultivation types, SMS from bed type cultivation needed to be preferably used as feed.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.667-676
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• 2007

This study was conducted to determine effects of cellulolytic microbes inoculation to sawdust-based spent mushroom substrate(SMS) during deepstacking on fermentation parameters, total microbial counts and cellulolytic enzyme activity and to on SMS nutrients utilization by sheep. For sheep metabolism trials, six sheep(ram, average 54.8kg) were fed a Control diet(70% concentrates, 15% rice straw and 15% SMS with no microbial treatment on a dry basis) and a Treatment diet(the same diet including SMS with a microbial treatment) for 2 trials. Spent mushroom substrates with or without a microbial(4 strains including 1 strain of Enterobacter ludwigii, 1 strain of Bacillus cereus and 2 strains of Bacillus subtillis) treatment (1% of SMS on wet basis) were deepstacked for 7 days. The internal temperatures in 1.2 M/T of SMS deepstacks reached to 50±5℃ within 7 days of storage. Total microbial counts remarkably decreased (P<0.05) with a deepstacking process and were not affected(P>0.05) by the microbial treatment. For fibrolytic enzyme activity, CMCase and xylanase activities were decreased(P<0.05) by a deepstacking process. After deepstacking, the microbial treatment showed about 2.5-times higher(P<0.05) for CMCase activity and about 4-times higher(P<0.05) for xylanase activity than those of the Control. Activities of ligninolytic enzymes such as laccase and MnP were not affected by the microbial treatment. The sheep fed the microbially treated SMS diet had a tendency of greater total tract digestibilities of ash(P=0.051), NFE (P=0.071), hemicellulose(P=0.087) and NDF(P=0.096) than those fed the untreated SMS diet. Nitrogen balance of sheep was not affected(P>0.05) by feeding of microbially treated SMS. Accordingly, these results indicate that cellulolytic microbes inoculation during deepstacking of SMS may improve the bio- utilization of SMS by sheep.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.116-122
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• 2010

Saengmaeksan (SMS) is a well known Korean traditional herbal prescription, which consists of 3 different herbs, Radix Ophiopogonis, Radix Ginseng, and Fructus Schisandrae. SMS has been commonly used in various disease including respiratory system and cardiovascular System in Korea. The objective of this study is to find out the improving effects of SMS against Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis. SMS reduced clinical signs of DSS-induced colitis, including body weight loss, shorten colon length, and increased disease activity index. The results showed that SMS significantly inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ p65 in the colon tissues of DSS-treated mice. In addition, we observed that result showed that the levels of IL-6 in plasma were increased in DSS treated group compared to those of the normal group, but these increased levels were reduced by administration with SMS. Taken together, these findings suggest that SMS has improving effects on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis, which may explain its beneficial effect in the regulation of chronic intestinal inflammation.