• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.39-55
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• 2022

Purpose - This study empirically examines the effect of the Korean government export promotion program (EPP) on small and medium-sized enterprise (SMEs) export performance using firm-level data. Unlike most previous studies that investigated some specific samples of firms, this study analyzes a vast amount of SME data of the Korean Small and Medium Business Administration over the period 2005 to 2008. Design/methodology - An endogeneity problem arises when a firm's probability of being selected is correlated with the likelihood of successfully implementing EPPs. To control for the endogeneity of the EPPs in a relatively short-period sample, we employ 2-Stage Residual Inclusion (2SRI) RE-Tobit and bivariate Tobit procedure. Findings - Analyses show that Korean government EPPs have positive significant effects on SME exports. Empirical results also show that SME export activities are significantly encouraged by R&D investment and capital intensity, but not obviously by labor productivity. Originality/value - This study provides evidence that SME capital intensity, R&D investment, and the number of workers are significant determinants to SME exporting activities, whereas per worker labor cost and employee education are not. These results imply that even for SMEs, firm size is a major factor in promoting exporting activities.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.118-127
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• 2017

The aim of the present study is to research how the main factors for the export of SMEs affect SME's Export possibility in structural method. 62 SMEs in Busan Region were participated in this study. For the empirical analysis, a multiple regression analysis and a path analysis were used with Spss18 and Amos 5v to figure out the relationship between the main factors and SME's Export possibility(SEP). The main factors as variances are "Manpower Needs(MN)", "Technology Innovation Needs(TIN)", "Education Needs for Export(ENE)" and "Intention of Decision-Maker(IDM)". The result indicated that ENE and TIN with IDM could structurally affect SEP through path analysis and implies that the main factors have to be considered with the intention of decision-maker as CEO for the successful export of SMEs.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제66권
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• pp.285-312
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• 2015

Export and import of food, agriculture, forestry, fishery products are suffering from low growth rate due to the European financial crisis, global recession, and Japan's 2012 export expansion following the aftermath of 2011 earthquake. Upon the signing and enactment of Free Trade Agreement with the U.S. and the EU, agriculture and fishery product have become the center of attention. Agriculture and fishery was reported to be 80million dollars, 1.46% of total national export, in 2012. Starting from2000, South Korea's government began its effort to expand agriculture and fishery export and as a result, export has steadily increased despite decreased consumption led by global recession. K-Sure has started an insurance program with the purpose of promoting SME business's export. It protects SME business against risk arising from credit, emergency, bad debt, and domestic price increase. This study aims to evaluate the service quality of K-Sure's insurance program via surveying SME businesses in the agriculture and fishery industry. Also this study will identify key service factors for SME businesses and explore ways to expand SME exports of agriculture and fishery by analyzing consumer satisfaction index. Results indicated service product quality factor, service communication quality factor, and social quality factor was key to improving consumer satisfaction for SME businesses in agriculture and fishery industry. Service product quality factor had a negative effect on consumer satisfaction in term of variety and results indicated that service communication quality factor's responsiveness element had minimal impact on consumer satisfaction. Conversely, all elements for social quality factor had positive effects on consumer satisfaction. Thus, leading to the conclusion that improvements in service product quality factor and service communication quality factor will indeed increase consumer satisfaction.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.93-110
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• 2022

Korea, a resource-scarce country, has been undergoing export-led economic growth in the form of processing and intermediary trade for the past several decades. In Korea, which has an export-led economic structure centered on processing trade, the export economy precedes the domestic economy, so Korea's monthly export performance has been used as an important indicator of economic indicators in itself. In recent decades, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which account for 99% of the total number of domestic enterprises, account for about 35% of exports as of 2021. In this study, from the viewpoint of emphasizing the export contribution of SMEs, the Small and Medium-sized Enterprise Export Business Index is developed based on the actual export performance of SMEs, through which this paper could present alternative index differentiated from the existing Business Survey Indexes.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.179-204
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• 2022

This study examines the extent to which policy-based loans to SME exporters affect their export performance (the intensive margin of exports). We also investigate the heterogeneous export effects of policy-based loans that may depend on firm- and industry-specific characteristics, such as credit ratings, debt-to-assets ratios, firm size and age. To do so, we conduct a survey, of 1,000 Korean SMEs, that collect information on firm-level exports and policy-based loans. The main empirical findings strongly support that SMEs that receive policy-based loans tend to increase their export volumes. However, these loans' positive impact on exports are only valid for SME exporters with credit scores of 12 or greater (that is, SMEs that have difficulty accessing the external financial market). The estimation results with respect to SMEs' dependence on external financing imply that policy-based loans for SMEs in sectors that are heavily dependent on external finance are effective in that they are instrumental in increasing these firms' exports. These empirical findings emphasize the importance of the external financial market to SME exporters who face various up-front investments that are related to their exporting activities.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

본 연구는 국내 중소제조업에서 수출비중과 지식탐색활동 특성간의 관계를 살펴보고자 한다. 본 연구는 2011년 "중소기업기술통계조사"에 참여한 중소제조업체 2,145개를 대상으로 각 기업의 수출 비중이 조직 내부와 외부 지식탐색활동에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 국내 중소기업의 지식탐색활동은 주요 고객과 시장의 지리적 구성에 따라서 차이가 있었다. 즉, 내수 지향적이거나 수출 지향적 중소기업은 조직 내부 및 외부에 위치한 새로운 지식과 정보를 탐색하고 활용하는데 적극적이었지만, 수출과 내수 시장을 모두 추구하는 기업은 조직 내부 및 외부지식탐색의 수준이 상대적으로 낮았다. 연구의 이론적 시사점은 중소기업이 수출과 지식탐색 및 역량 간의 관계에 대해 새로운 지식을 확장하는 데 이바지한 것이다. 또한, 외부 지식탐색활동 자체도 조직 내부의 특성에 따라 달라질 수 있음을 실증한 것에서도 의의를 찾을 수 있다. 실무적 관점에서는 내수기업에서 수출확대 및 글로벌 중소기업으로 발전에 대해 각 과정의 기업들이 서로 다른 지식탐색활동을 보이고 있다는 점에서 관련 정책 및 지원프로그램의 설계와 운영에도 참조할 수 있다는 것이다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.179-198
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• 2023

Purpose - There is a paucity of literature dealing with exporters' compliance issues in e-commerce exports. This study aims to fill this gap in the literature by exploring customs initiatives to facilitate the e-commerce exports of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the changed compliance environment. The central question of this study was divided into five subquestions: first regarding the pros and cons of trade facilitation measures for Korean e-commerce export clearance; second and third questions about risk and compliance management for facilitation fourth about instruments, the changes in Korean SME compliance burden in e-commerce exports, and ways to improve trade facilitation for e-commerce exports. Design/methodology - This study adopts a qualitative approach using a case study method to understand the SME experience in Korean e-commerce export compliance procedures. A qualitative method was selected to answer research questions requiring an in-depth understanding of the regulatory procedures of customs administration and exporters' compliance burden. Because this study addresses the changing compliance environment for which statistical data is insufficient, a quantitative method is considered inappropriate. Based on the approach, data were collected using multiple sources, including an extensive literature review, interviews, and field observations. Thematic pattern matching was applied to interpret the data. Findings - This study examined ways to support SMEs in the changed e-commerce export compliance environment. Facilitation measures for e-commerce exports have contributed to SME access to global markets, simplifying export clearance procedures, and saving exporters' compliance costs. However, such instruments are limited in promoting SME compliance capabilities to cope with intensified competition and strengthened controls over foreign exporters in cross-border e-commerce. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of reshaping facilitation measures for e-commerce exports based on risk and compliance management theories to a system encouraging exporters' voluntary compliance. Originality/value - This study's academic significance derives from verifying the relationship between trade facilitation instruments and risk and compliance management procedures using an actual case in Korea. It is also of practical importance in navigating the directions for improving facilitation measures for e-commerce exports in a changed compliance environment.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.81-95
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• 2016

Software export is very important for developing the domain software industry. Up to now, the study related in this issue is not enough even if exports are not activated. In our study, we treated and analyzed the three SME cases that have each successful record in recent years focusing to sales channels establishment and product localization. This study was done by interviewing the marketing directors mainly, and applied email exchanges, phones, and document analyses. Some implications can be addressed for the potential SME software exports. In the perspectives of sales channels building, the trust for product and firm itself is needed to have a good offshore partners. These are required to make the good relationship with partners, brand value's diffusion, and technical competency. As for product localization, the customization is important to meet the needs for local users effectively. So it is desirable to accept the advisory suggestions from the local consulting experts or representative customers. And the joint export strategy using the platform by linking some related products is effective for SME's software product's export.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.127-152
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 비교문화 연구에 비교적 새로운 개념으로서 Earley and Ang(2003)이 도입한 문화 인텔리전스(cultural intelligence : CQ)를 적용하여 중소기업 수출담당자의 문화 인텔리전스가 해외시장정보 탐색과 해외시장정보 활용능력(마케팅적응, 관계적응) 간의 관계에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 분석하는 것이다. 구조모형 분석방법으로서 SmartPLS가 사용되었고, 94개 수출중소기업을 대상으로 실증적으로 분석한 결과, 문화 인텔리전스는 해외시장정보탐색과 해외시장정보 활용능력에 부분적으로 조절적 역할을 하는 것으로 검증되었다. 문화 인텔리전스의 선행요인으로서는 수출담당자의 외국어유창성, 해외출장빈도, 다국어구사력, 해외출장용무, 문화선행학습, 해외체류경험 등이 유의한 요인으로 검증되었다. 연구결과에 의거하면, 해외시장정보를 습득-이해-가공하는 과정에 문화 인텔리전스의 역할이 큰 것으로 추론할 수 있다. 따라서 다차원적 성격의 문화 인텔리전스 강화를 위해 기업 및 수출지원기관의 차별화된 문화역량 교육 및 훈련프로그램 개발이 필요하다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.87-101
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper examines the effectiveness of the foreign exchange risk insurance system in the promotion of SME exports in Korea. The purpose of this study is to analyze the short-term and long-term responses of SME exports to foreign exchange risk insurance support policies. Based on these empirical studies, we would like to present some operational improvements to the operation of the foreign exchange risk insurance system. Design/methodology - In order to analyze the effect of exchange risk insurance on the exports of SMEs, a VAR model consisting of foreign exchange risk insurance underwriting values, export relative price, and domestic demand pressure, including export volume, was established. The study began with tests of the stationarity of time series data. The unit root tests showed that all concerned variables were non-stationary. Accordingly, the results of the cointegration test showed that the tested variables are not cointegrated. Finally, an impulse response function and variance decomposition analysis were conducted to analyze the impulse of foreign exchange risk insurance on exports of SMEs. Findings - As a result of estimating the VAR (1) model, foreign exchange risk insurance was found to be significant at a 1% significance level for SME' export promotion. In the impulse response analysis, SMEs' export response to the impulse of foreign exchange risk insurance showed that exports gradually increased until the third quarter, and then slowed down. However, the impulse did not disappear, and appeared continuously. Originality/value - This study analyzed the effect of foreign exchange insurance on exports of SMEs by applying the VAR model. In particular, this study is the first to analyze the short-term and long-term effects of foreign exchange risk insurance on exports of SMEs. The empirical evidence in the current study have a policy implication for the policy authority to support and promote the foreign exchange risk insurance in the effect of exchange rate volatility on Korea' export SMEs.