• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.14-25
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• 2010

본 연구는 염해지역의 식재수종 선발에 대한 기초자료로 활용하고자 한국 남해안 방풍림 자생수목의 토양염분에 대한 내성과 염분비산 영향을 미치는 지대별 토양염분도와 출현수종을 조사 분석하였다. 조사지의 토양염분 $EC_{1:5}$는 전체 평균 $0.18dSm^-1$이었고, 최저 $0.05dSm^{-1}$, 최고 $0.58dSm^{-1}$이었다. 토양염분($EC_{1:5}$)은 I 지대를 제외하고는 해안 정선으로 부터 내륙으로 갈수록 낮았으며, II 지대>llI지대>I 지대>IV지대 순으로 각각 $EC_{1:5}$ $0.22dSm^{-1}$ $0.22dSm^{-1}$ $0.19dSm^{-1}$ $0.13dSm^{-1}$이었다. 출현한 자생식물은 45과 74속 9변종 100종 총 110분류군이었다. 토양염분이 가장 높은 단계인 $EC_{1:5}$ $0.50dSm^{-1}$를 초과하는 곳에 출현한 식물은 담쟁이덩굴과 안동이였으며, 그 다음으로 $EC_{1:5}$ $0.41{\sim}dSm^{-1}$까지 자생하는 식물은 꾸지뽕나무, 멍석딸기, 산초나무, 송악, 아까시나무, 졸참나무, 좀작살나무 퉁이었다. 전제 지대에 출현하는 수종은 정과 새머루이었고, 내조성이 높은 순비기나무는 I 지대에만 출현하였다. 전체 지대에서 중요도가 가장 높온 수종은 느티나무, 팽나무, 모감주나무, 예덕나무, 마삭줄, 칡 등이었다. 이러한 수종은 조사지의 자생 수종들 중에서 다른 수종에 버하여 상대적으로 내조성이 강한 수종으로 판단되었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.207-210
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• 2012

The preparation of $Sm_2O_3$ doped $CeO_2$ in Igepal CO-520/cyclohexane reverse micelle solutions has been studied. In the present work, we synthesized nanosized $Sm_2O_3$ doped $CeO_2$ powders by reverse micelle process using aqueous ammonia as the precipitant; hydroxide precursor was obtained from nitrate solutions dispersed in the nanosized aqueous domains of a micro emulsion consisting of cyclohexane as the oil phase, and poly (xoyethylene) nonylphenylether (Igepal CO-520) as the non-ionic surfactant. The synthesized and calcined powders were characterized by Thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The crystallite size was found to increase with increase in water to surfactant (R) molar ratio. Average particle size and distribution of the synthesized $Sm_2O_3$ doped $CeO_2$ were below 10 nm and narrow, respectively. TG-DTA analysis shows that phase of $Sm_2O_3$ doped $CeO_2$ nanoparticles changed from monoclinic to tetragonal at approximately $560^{\circ}C$. The phase of the synthesized $Sm_2O_3$ doped $CeO_2$ with heating to $600^{\circ}C$ for 30 min was tetragonal $CeO_2$. This study revealed that the particle formation process in reverse micelles is based on a two step model. The rapid first step is the complete reduction of the metal to the zero valence state. The second step is growth, via reagent exchanges between micelles through the inter-micellar exchange.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.849-860
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• 1996

The supply of different fatty acids during the development period has significant effects. This study examined the effects of dietary $\omega$3 and $\omega$6 fatty acid compositions on phospholipids (PLs) of RBC and rat brain subcellular fractions (synaptosome, microsome, mitochondria), and on learning ability of the 2nd generation rat. Rats were fed experimental diets 3-4 wks prior to the conception. Early in the lactation period, the feeding mothers were exchanged. Diets consisted of 10% fat(by weight), which was either safflower oil('S') poor in $\omega$3 fatty acids or computer-searched mixed oil('M') with P/M/S ratio, 1/1.4/1 and $\omega$6/$\omega$3 ratio, 6.1/1. The 'S' and 'M' rats were subdivided further into SS, SM, MS & MM rats according to their lactation stauts. At 3 (weaning) & 9 wks of age, the percentage of total $\omega$3 fatty acids to their lactation status. At 3 (weaning) & 9 wks of age, the percentage of total $\omega$3 fatty acids and the ratios of $\omega$3/$\omega$6 fatty acids in PLs of RBC and brain subcellular fractions in SM and MM groups fed milk from the mixed oil-fed mothers for 2 wks tended to be higher than those in SS and MS groups respectively. In contrast, the concentrations of $\omega$6 fatty acids, especially 22:5$\omega$6 in all fractions, were significantly lower in the SM & MM groups compared to those of the SS & MS groups respectively. In contrast, the concentration of $\omega$6 fatty acids, especially 22:5$\omega$6 in all fractions, were significantly lower in the SM & MM groups compared to those of the SS & MS groups, The values for the DHA$\omega$3/22:5$\omega$6 ratios after the lactation period were markedly higher in the groups (SM & MM) which were reared by mixed oil(MO) fed mothers. In carring out Y-water maze at 9th wk of age, the SM(4.2$\pm$0.5) & MM (5.3$\pm$0.5) groups made significantly less errors compared to the SS(6.2$\pm$0.6, p<0.05 compared with SM) & MM (7.2$\pm$0.5, p<0.05 compared with MM) groups which were lactated by the safflower oilfed mothers. Therefore, by feeding a balanced fatty acid diet from the lactation period up to 9 wks of age as compared with the groups fed $\omega$3 fatty acid-deficient diet regardless of mother's diet given before parturition. The levels of DHA(synaptosome) and 22:5$\omega$3 (mitochondria) were positively correlated not only with these values in RBC but also with visual discriminating ability. The levels of DHA and 22:5$\omega$3 in RBC can, therfore, reflect visual discriminatng ability in the rat.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2015

본 연구는 세발나물의 활용 범위를 다양화하기 위하여 생리활성이 우수한 동결건조 세발나물 분말을 각각 0%(대조군, C), 1%(SM1), 3%(SM3) 및 9%(SM9) 첨가한 쿠키를 제조한 후, 관능검사 및 품질특성을 살펴보았다. 세발나물 쿠키의 일반성분 분석 결과 수분의 함량은 세발나물 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 대조군(C)에 비해 유의하게 낮아졌고, 조단백질 함량은 대조군(C)에 비해 SM9군이 4.27%로 가장 낮은 값을 나타냈으며, 조지방 및 조회분 함량은 세발 나물 첨가량에 관계없이 유의적 차이가 없었다. 쿠키의 퍼짐성 지수는 세발나물 분말 첨가군들(SM1, SM3, SM9)이 대조군(C)과 비교하여 유의적으로 감소하였다. 쿠키의 색도는 세발나물 분말 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 명도(L값)과 적색도(a값)은 낮아지고, 황색도(b값)은 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 쿠키의 경도는 대조군(C), SM1군 및 SM3군은 유의차가 없었으나 세발나물 분말 첨가군 중 SM9군이 큰 폭으로 증가하여 가장 높은 값을 나타냈다. 관능평가 결과 쿠키의 향미, 맛, 조직감에 있어서는 세발나물 분말 3%(SM3), 9%(SM9) 첨가군이 높은 점수를 받아 유의적인 차이를 나타냈고, 전체적인 기호도 면에서는 3% 첨가군(SM3)이 유의적으로 가장 높은 선호도를 보였다. 이상의 결과를 볼 때 쿠키 제조 시 세발나물 분말을 3% 첨가하는 것이 향미, 맛, 조직감 및 전체적인 기호도 등의 조건을 잘 만족시킬 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제73권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 1986

Juniperus rigida의 경남(慶南)과 충북(忠北)의 두 산지종(産地種)에 대하여 핵형분석(核型分析)을 하였다. 염색체수(梁色體數)는 두 산지종(産地種) 공(共)히 2n=22이다. 두 산지종(産地種)에 있어 가장 공통적(共通的)인 특징(特徵)을 나타낸 염색체(染色體)는 두완(短腕)에 secondary constriction을 지닌 No.7 이고, 가장 특이적(特異的) 특징(特徵)을 한 염색체(染色體)는 secondary constriction을 지닌 경남산(慶南産)의 No.9와 충북산(忠北産)의 No.5 염색체(染色體)이다. 핵형식(核型式)은 다음과 같다. 경남산지종(慶南山地種) $$K(2n)=22=2A^m+2B^m+2C^m+2D^{sm}+2E^{st}+2F^m+2^{sc}G^m+2H^m+2^{sc}I^t+2J^{st}+2K^m$$ 충북산지종(忠北山地種) $$K(2n)=22=2A^m+2B^m+2C^m+2D^{st}+2^{sc}E^{sm}+2F^m+2^{sc}G^m+2H^m+2I^m+2J^{st}+2K^{sm}$$.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.23.1-23.10
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• 2019

Background: Taurine is a conditional essential amino acid for fish. A study was conducted to investigate the compensating effect of supplemental taurine in diets for red seabream (Pagrus major) on impaired growth performance by fish meal (FM) replacement with soybean meal (SM) at low water temperature (14.15 ± 1.95 ℃). Methods: A FM-based diet was considered as a high FM diet and three other experimental diets were formulated to replace FM with SM by 20, 35, or 50% (HFM, SM20, SM35, or SM50, respectively) without taurine and other four diets were formulated by adding 1% taurine to the diets (HFM-T, SM20-T, SM35-T, or SM50-T, respectively). Triplicate groups of fish (108.9 ± 1.58 g/fish) were distributed into 24 polyvinyl circular tanks (215 L) with 20 fish per tank and fed one of the diets to satiation for 20 weeks. Results: Growth performance and feed utilization of red seabream were significantly improved by the dietary taurine supplementation. SM20-T and SM35-T diets increased fish growth that are comparable to HFM diet. Feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed SM20-T and SM35-T diets were not significantly different from those of HFM group. Dietary taurine supplementation in each FM replaced group numerically increased innate immunity of the fish. Lysozyme and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly decreased in fish fed SM35, SM50, and SM50-T diets compared to those of fish fed HFM diet while they were not significantly lower in SM20, SM20-T, SM35, and SM35-T groups. Glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly lower in fish group fed SM50 diet while SM50-T group did not significantly lower compared to that of HFM group. The relative expression level of hepatic IGF-1 mRNA was improved in fish fed taurine-supplemented diets compared to their respective SM diets. Conclusions: Growth performance and feed utilization of red seabream can be accelerated or restored by 1% taurine supplementation when they are fed high level of SM up to 35% in diets during low water temperature season.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.55-59
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• 1999

In an attempt to find an effective production way of the$ Sm_2Fe_{17}N_{x-}type material, the Sm_2Fe_{17-}$type alloy with chemical composition of Sm 22.7 wt.%, Fe72.3 wt.% Nb 5.0wt.% was subjected to a HD (hydrogen decrepitation) treatment prior to a nitrogenation, and its effect on the formation of the nitride material was investigated. The nitrogenation behaviours of the alloy were investigated using a TPA(thermopiezic analysis), TMA, and DTA under nitrogen gas, and XRD. It has been found that the previous HD treatment significantly facilitated the formation of $Sm_2Fe_{17}N_{x-}$type nitride, and this was accounted for by the clean surface and the finer particle size of the powder caused by the HD treatment. It has also been found that the hydrogen atoms existing in the initial HD-treated alloy were removed almost completely during the nitrogenation. The heat output associated with the nitrogenation of the previously HD-treated alloy was found to be significantly smaller than that of the as-cast alloy.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.104-111
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• 1999

The interfacial microstructure and bond strength were examined for WC-Co/Cu/SM45C steel join using a nickel-plated copper in vacuum at 1323K for 0.6ks∼3.6ks. After bonding, microstructure in bonding interface was observed by OM(Optical Microscopy), SEM(Scanning Electron Microscopy) and EPMA(Eelectron Probe Micro Analyzer). The oil cooling was carried out at 353K, the cooling rate in air and furnace was 22K/s and 4.4K/s. respectively. It was found that dendritic widths increased with the content of cobalt and bonding times at 1323K. As a whole, bond strength values at the same bonding condition decreased in this order: WC-13wt.%Co/SM45Csteel. WC-8wt.%Co/SM45Csteel and WC-4wt.%Co/SM45Csteel. The bond strength of WC-13wt.%Co/S45C steel joint in oil cooling was 273MPa. This value was greatly higher than those of 125MPa in furnace cooling and 93MPa in air cooling at 1323K for 0.6ks. The bond strength values were found to be closely associated with the content of cobalt in WC-Co and cooling rate.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.579-589
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 최근에 개발된 치과용 접착제를 대상으로 유치와 영구치의 법랑질과 상아질에 대한 결합력을 비교 평가하여 임상에서 상아질 접착제를 적절하게 선택하는데 도움을 주고자 시행하였다. 실험재료로 Adper Scotchbond Multi-purpose Plus Adhesive (SM; 3M ESPE, USA), Adper Single bond 2 (SB; 3M ESPE, USA), Clearfil SE Bond (SE; Kuraray Medical Inc., Japan), Adper Prompt L-Pop (PL; 3M ESPE, USA), G-Bond (GB; GC Cooperation Toyko, Japan)를 이용하여 전단결합강도를 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 유치 법랑질에서 전단결합강도는 SM이 $28.47{\pm}7.93\;MPa$로 가장 높았고 SB ($28.18{\pm}6.84$), PL ($24.02{\pm}6.14$), SE ($21.70{\pm}6.56$), GB ($17.70{\pm}6.68$) 순이었다. SM과 SB는 SE보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 결합강도를 보였으며, SM, SB, PL은 GB보다 높았다(p<0.05). 2. 유치 상아질에서 전단결합강도는 SE가 $28.72{\pm}14.44MPa$로 가장 높았고, PL ($20.10{\pm}6.13$), SM ($17.72{\pm}10.65$), SB ($15.48{\pm}2.66$), GB ($10.10{\pm}5.45$) 순이었으며 SE와 GB간에는 유의한 차이가 있었으나, 다른 군들 간에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3. 영구치 법랑질에서의 전단결합강도는 SB가 $28.36{\pm}5.68\;MPa$로 가장 높았고 SM ($22.77{\pm}4.63$), PL ($22.05{\pm}6.57$), SE ($21.74{\pm}4.62$), GB ($15.60{\pm}6.75$)순이었다. SB는 다른 접착제보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 결합력을 나타냈으며, GB는 가장 낮은 결합력을 보였다(p<0.05). 4. 영구치 상아질에서의 전단결합강도는 SM이 $28.22{\pm}5.56\;MPa$로 가장 높았고, SB ($21.68{\pm}7.44$), SE ($20.13{\pm}9.88$), GB ($14.30{\pm}6.81$), PL ($14.18{\pm}5.88$)순이었으며, SM은 PL, GB와 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 5. 유치의 법랑질과 상아질 간에는 SM, SB, GB에서 유의한 차이가 있었고, 영구치 법랑질과 상아질 간에는 PL에서 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 6. 유치 법랑질과 영구치 법랑질 간에는 모든 접착제에서 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 유치 상아질과 영구치 상아질 간에는 SM과 SB에서 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05).

• 유통과학연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aims to address the overlooked micro-level aspects within Smart Manufacturing (SM) research, rectifying the misalignment in manufacturing firms' estimation of their technological adoption capabilities. Drawing upon the Social-Technical Systems (STS) theory, this paper utilises innovation capability as a mediating variable, constructing a human-centric organizational model to bridge this research gap. Research design, data and methodology: This study collected data from 233 Chinese manufacturing firms via online questionnaires. Introducing innovation capability as a mediating variable, it investigates the impact of social-technical system dimensions (work design, social subsystems, and technical subsystems) on SM adoption willingness. Smart PLS 4.0 was employed for data analysis, and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) validated the theoretical model's assumptions. Results: In direct relationships, social subsystems, technical subsystems, and work design positively influence firms' innovation capabilities, which, in turn, positively impact SM adoption. However, innovation capability does not mediate the relationship between technical subsystems and SM adoption. Conclusions: This study focuses on the internal micro-level of organisational employees, constructing a human-centric framework that emphasises the interaction between organisations and technology. The study fills empirical gaps in Smart Manufacturing adoption, providing organisations with a means to examine the integration of employees and the organisational social-technical system.