• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2023

Neutral and non-essential amino acid, glutamine (Gln), plays an essential role in supplying nitrogen to all the amino acids and nucleotides in the mammalian body. Gln is also the most important carbon source that provides intermediates for gluconeogenesis and fatty acid synthesis and supplements the tricarboxylic acid cycle in fast-growing cancer cells. Among the known 14 Gln transporter genes, soluted carrier family 1 member 5 (SLC1A5) has been reported to be closely associated with cancer cell growth. Three variants (v1, v2, and v3) have been derived from SLC1A5. Here, we established a heterologous gene expression system for the active form of human SLC1A5 variant-2 (hSLC1A5v2) in Escherichia coli. v2 is the smallest variant that has not yet been studied. Four expression systems were investigated: pBAD, pCold, pET, and pQE. We also addressed the problem of codon usage bias. Although pCold and pET overexpressed hSLC1A5v2 in E. coli, they were functionally inactive. hSLC1A5v2 using the pBAD system was able to catalyze the successful transport of Gln, even if it was not highly expressed. Initial activity of hSLC1A5v2 for [¹⁴C] Gln uptake in E. coli reached up to 6.73 μmole·min^-1·gDW^-1 when the cell was induced with 80 mM L-arabinose. In this study, we demonstrated a heterologous expression system for the human membrane protein, SLC1A5, in E. coli. Our results can be used for the functional comparison of SLC1A5 variants (v1, v2, and v3) in future studies, to facilitae the developement of SLC1A5 inhibitors as effective anticancer drugs.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.784-794
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• 2023

Background: ginsenoside Rg5 is a rare ginsenoside with known hypoglycemic effects in diabetic mice. This study aimed to explore the effects of ginsenoside Rg5 on skin wound-healing in the Lepr^db/db mutant (db/db) mice (C57BL/KsJ background) model and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Seven-week-old male C57BL/6J, SLC7A11-knockout (KO), the littermate wild-type (WT), and db/db mice were used for in vivo and ex vivo studies. Results: Ginsenoside Rg5 provided through oral gavage in db/db mice significantly alleviated the abundance of apoptotic cells in the wound areas and facilitated skin wound healing. 50 μM ginsenoside Rg5 treatment nearly doubled the efferocytotic capability of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from db/db mice. It also reduced NF-κB p65 and SLC7A11 expression in the wounded areas of db/db mice dose-dependently. Ginsenoside Rg5 physically interacted with SLC7A11 and suppressed the cystine uptake and glutamate secretion of BMDCs from db/db and SLC7A11-WT mice but not in BMDCs from SLC7A11-KO mice. In BMDCs and conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s), ginsenoside Rg5 reduced their glycose storage and enhanced anaerobic glycolysis. Glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor CP-91149 almost abolished the effect of ginsenoside Rg5 on promoting efferocytosis. Conclusion: ginsenoside Rg5 can suppress the expression of SLC7A11 and inhibit its activity via physical binding. These effects collectively alleviate the negative regulations of SLC7A11 on anaerobic glycolysis, which fuels the efferocytosis of dendritic cells. Therefore, ginsenoside Rg5 has a potential adjuvant therapeutic reagent to support patients with wound-healing problems, such as diabetic foot ulcers.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2009

A cell frequently utilizes glucose as a fuel of energy and a major substrate of lipid and protein syntheses. A regulation of glucose movement into and out of the cells is precisely controlled by cooperative works of passive and sodium-dependent active processes. At least 13 glucose cotransporter (Slc2a, GLUT) isoforms involve in passive movement of glucose in cells. The efferent ductules (EDs) play in a number of important functions for maintenance of male fertility. In the present study, using real-time PCR analysis, we determined gene expression of five Slc2a isoforms in the EDs. In addition, we compared expression levels of these Slc2a isoforms according to postnatal development ages, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months. Results from the current study showed that expression of Slc2a1, Slc2a3, and Slc2a5 mRNAs reached the highest levels at 1 month of age, followed by a transient decrease at 3 months of age. In addition, the level of Slc2a4 mRNA reminded at steady until 1 month of age and was significantly reduced at 3 months of age, whereas the highest level of Slc2a 8 mRNA was detected at 2 weeks of age. Data from the present study indicate a differential expression of various Slc2a isoforms in the ED according to postnatal ages. Thus, it is believed that glucose movement through the epithelial cells in the ED would be regulated by the coordinated manner among Slc2a isoforms expressed at a given age.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.149-157
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• 1993

소 초기배의 체외생산을 위한 소 난포란 회수를 극대화할 수 있는 방법을 확립하기 위해 여러 가지 방법에 의해 채취된 난자의 발생능력을 검토하였다. 전통적인 흡입법(대조구), 개발된 회수법(slicing) 및 이들을 결합한 방법(결합법)을 비교하였다. 총 245개의 난소로부터 1,641개의 난포란을 실험에 이용하였다. 회수된 난자는 TCM199과 소 태아혈청을 기초로 한 배양액에서 24시간 체외성숙시켜 급속염색법에 의해 핵성숙을 판별하고, 7% 에탄올에 의해 활성화된 처녀발생란의 전핵형성 유무에 의해 세포질 성숙을 평가하였다. 회수된 평균 난자수는 난소당 흡입법, slicing 및 결합법이 각각 1.87, 11.05 및 7.88개를 얻어 새로 개발된 slicing에 의해 회수율을 5.9배 (11.05/1.87) 증가시킬 수 있었다. 핵 성숙은 흡입법 92.9%, slicing 79.1%와 결합법 71.7%였다. 비록 흡입법에 의해 회수된 난자의 핵 성숙율이 높았지만 난소당 얻을 수 있는 성숙 난자의 수는 slicing할 경우 5배까지 증가시킬 수 있었다. 세포질 성숙의 지표인 전핵의 형성율은 대조구 75%, slicing 67%, 그리고 결합법 62.5%였다. 이같은 결과는 개발된 slicing법에 의해 도살장 난소로부터 보다 많은 수의 난자의 회수가 가능하며 이들의 핵성숙 및 세포질 성숙도 정상적으로 일어나며 난소당 전핵 초기배 수를 증가시킬 수 있음을 보여준 것이다. 아울러 증가된 난자수로 인하여 초기배의 생화학적 분석 및 외래유전자의 미세주입을 위한 지속적으로 안정된 초기배의 공급체계가 확립되었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.700-709
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• 2022

Background: Ginsenoside Rd is a natural compound with promising neuroprotective effects. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not well-understood. In this study, we explored whether ginsenoside Rd exerts protective effects on cerebral endothelial cells after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) treatment and its potential docking proteins related to the underlying regulations. Method: Commercially available primary human brain microvessel endothelial cells (HBMECs) were used for in vitro OGD/R studies. Cell viability, pyroptosis-associated protein expression and tight junction protein degradation were evaluated. Molecular docking proteins were predicted. Subsequent surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology was utilized for validation. Flow cytometry was performed to quantify caspase-1 positive and PI positive (caspase-1+/PI+) pyroptotic cells. Results: Ginsenoside Rd treatment attenuated OGD/R-induced damage of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity in vitro. It suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation (increased expression of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β and GSDMD-N terminal (NT)) and subsequent cellular pyroptosis (caspase-1+/PI + cells). Ginsenoside Rd interacted with SLC5A1 with a high affinity and reduced OGD/R-induced sodium influx and potassium efflux in HBMECs. Inhibiting SLC5A1 using phlorizin suppressed OGD/R-activated NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in HBMECs. Conclusion: Ginsenoside Rd protects HBMECs from OGD/R-induced injury partially via binding to SLC5A1, reducing OGD/R-induced sodium influx and potassium efflux, thereby alleviating NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis.

• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국측량학회 2006년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.229-234
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• 2006

On May 31, 2003. Landsat 7 experienced an anomaly causing the Scan Line Corrector(SLC) to stop functioning normally. The SLC-off causes individual scan lines to alternately overlap and then leave large gaps at the edge of the Image. A many scientists with ongoing experience using ETM+ data evaluated the scientific usability and validity of Landsat 7 products containing the SLC anomaly The best reference scene for gap-filling is the other SLC-on Landsat scene that provide same resolution, few changes, and similar data acquisition. But receiving of Landsat imagery is not stable in Korea. So SPOT image can be another alternative solution because it is a steady-state multispectral satellite image as Landsat image. In this study, we filled the SLC-off gap s of 2, 3, 4 bands using SPOT image by a local regression technique, and assigned the optimum spectral value to gaps of 1, 5, 7 bands based on a spectral adjacency. Through this process, we could restore Landsat SLC-off image and evaluated the accuracy of the results.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.286-293
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• 2019

고혈압(hypertension, HTN)은 지속적으로 혈압이 높은 상태를 의미하는 것으로 주요 만성 질환 중 하나이다. 좌심실 비대(left ventricular hypertrophy, LVH)는 좌심실의 질량이 증가된 상태이며, 고혈압은 좌심실 비대의 대표적인 원인이다. 고혈압과 좌심실 비대는 환경적 요인과 유전적 요인이 상호작용하여 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 고혈압에 영향을 미치는 유전적 요인 중 SLC8A1의 다형성이 염분에 민감하게 반응하는 고혈압과 관련이 있다는 것이 보고되었다. 본 연구에서는 SLC8A1에서 유전적 다형성을 한국 유전체 역학 조사 사업을 기반으로 추출하였다. 그런 다음 고혈압과 좌심실 비대에 대해 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 실시하였다. 수축기 혈압과 이완기 혈압에 대한 선형 회귀 분석도 실시하였다. 그 결과, 5개의 SNP가 고혈압과 통계적으로 유의한 연관성을 보였고, 10개의 SNP가 좌심실 비대와 통계적으로 유의한 연관성을 보였다. rs1002671, rs9789739는 고혈압과 좌심실 비대에서 동시에 유의한 상관관계를 나타냈다. 이러한 결과는 SLC8A1 유전자의 다형성이 한국인에게 고혈압 및 좌심실 비대의 발병과 연관되어 있음을 의미한다. 우리는 이러한 결과를 통하여 고혈압과 좌심실 비대에 대한 발병기전을 이해하는 데에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2014

Purpose: The mutation of the SLC26A4 gene is the second most common cause of congenital hearing loss after GJB2 mutations. It has been identified as a major cause of autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss associated with enlarged vestibular aqueduct and Pendred syndrome. Although most studies of SLC26A4 mutations have dealt with hearing-impaired patients, there are a few reports on the frequency of these mutations in the general population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of SLC26A4 mutations that cause inherited deafness in the general Korean population. Materials and Methods: We obtained blood samples from 144 Korean individuals with normal hearing. The samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction to amplify the entire coding region of the SLC26A4 gene, followed by direct DNA sequencing. Results: Sequencing analysis of this gene identified 5 different variants (c.147C>G, c.225G>C, c.1723A>G, c.2168A>G, and c.2283A>G). The pathogenic mutation c.2168A>G (p.H723R) was identified in 1.39% (2/144) of the subjects with normal hearing. Conclusion: These data provide information about carrier frequency for SLC26A4 mutation-associated hearing loss and have important implications for genetic diagnostic testing for inherited deafness in the Korean population.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2016

Density of Phase-Change Memory (PCM) devices has been doubled through the employment of multi-level cell (MLC) technology. However, this doubled-capacity comes in the expense of severe performance degradation, as compared to the conventional single-level cell (SLC) PCM. This negative effect on the performance of the MLC PCM detracts from the potential benefits of the MLC PCM. This paper introduces an efficient way of minimizing the performance degradation while maximizing the capacity benefits of the MLC PCM. To this end, we propose a location-aware hybrid management of SLC and MLC in compressed PCM main memory systems. Our trace-driven simulations using real application workloads demonstrate that the proposed technique enhances the performance and energy consumption by 45.1% and 46.5%, respectively, on the average, over the conventional technique that only uses a MLC PCM.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.44-47
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• 2021

Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome (CCDS) is a disorder where a defect is present in transport of creatine in the brain. Creatine plays an essential role in the energy metabolism of the brain. This is a genetic disorder, autosomal recessive or X linked, characterized by intellectual disability, speech and language delay, epilepsy, hypotonia, etc. Until recently very few number of cases have been reported. Here we report a case of 1.5-year-old boy who had epilepsy (epileptic spasm and generalized tonic clonic seizure), intellectual disability, microcephaly, hypotonia and speech delay. His magnetic resonance imaging of brain showed cortical atrophy and electroencephalography showed burst suppression pattern. The diagnosis was confirmed by clinical exome sequencing which showed novel mutation of SLC6A8+ in exon 9, suggestive of X linked recessive CCDS. The patient was then treated with glycine, L-arginine and creatine monohydrate with multiple antiepileptic drugs.