• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.463-470
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• 2011

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) gene is expressed at the anterior pituitary gland and plays a key role in gonad development. This study aimed to investigate molecular genetic characteristics of the GnRHR gene and elucidate the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of GnRHR gene on sex steroid level in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). We used polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and sequencing of the GnRHR gene in 75 individuals. We identified three SNPs in the GnRHR gene: P1 locus (C759A and C830T) in the coding region of exon2 which were both linked together and P2 locus (G984T) in the coding region of exon3, which added a new transcript factor (ADR1) and a new methylation site (CG). Only C830T of P1 leads to amino acid changes Thr266Ile. Statistical analysis showed that P1 was significantly associated with $17{\beta}$-estradiol ($E_2$) level (p<0.01) and gonadosomatic index (GSI) (p<0.05). Individuals with genotype BB of P1 had significantly higher serum $E_2$ levels (p<0.01) and GSI (p<0.05) than those of genotype AA or AB. Another SNP, P2, synonymous mutation, was significantly associated with GSI (p<0.05). Individuals with genotype AB of P2 had significantly higher GSI (p<0.05) than that of genotype AA. In addition, there was a significant association between one diplotype based on three SNPs and reproductive traits. The genetic effects for both serum $E_2$ level and GSI of diplotype D4 were super diplotypes (p<0.05). These results suggest that the SNPs in Japanese Flounder GnRHR are associated with $E_2$ level and GSI.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권24호
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• pp.10613-10619
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• 2015

Background: Both alcohol and aqueous extracts of Sauromatum giganteum(Engl.) Cusimano and Hett, the dried root tuber of which is named Baifuzi in Chinese, have been used for folklore treatment of cancer in Northeast of China. However, little is known about which is most suitable to the cancer therapy. Materials and Methods: Serum pharmacology and MTT assays were adopted to detect the effects of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Sauromatum giganteum(Engl.) Cusimano and Hett, prepared by heat reflux methods, on proliferation of different cancer cells. Results: Cancer cells treated with medium supplemented with 10%, 20%, 40% serum(v/v) containing ethanol extract had a decline in viability, with inhibition rates of 7.69%, 21.8%, 41.9% in MCF-7 cells, 42.8%, 48.1%, 51.8% in SGC-7901 cells, 44.1%, 49.2%, 53.7% in SMMC-7721 cells, 6.8%, 15.2%, 39.8% in HepG2 cells, 7.57%, 16.3%, 36.2% in HeLa cells, 6.24%, 12.5%, 27.4% in A549 cells, and 7.20%, 17.5%, 31.3% in MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. Viability in the aqueous extract groups was no different with that of controls. Conclusions: An ethanol extract of Sauromatum giganteum(Engl.) Cusimano and Hett inhibited the proliferation of SMMC-7721, SGC-7901 and MCF-7 cells, which supports the use of alcoholic but not aqueous extracts for control of sensive cancers, which might include hepatocarcinoma, gastric cancer and breast cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.929-934
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• 2013

Aim: To analyze the significance of different clinical factors for prognostic prediction in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. Methods: Two hundred and twenty-seven DLBCL patients were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were managed with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) regimen or rituximab plus the CHOP (RCHOP) regimen. Results: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ${\beta}2$-microglobulin (${\beta}2$-M), B symptoms, Ann Arbor stage and genetic subtypes were statistically relevant in predicting the prognosis of the overall survival (OS). In the CHOP group, the OS in patients with germinal center B-cell-like (GCB)(76.2%) was significantly higher than that of the non-GCB group (51.9%, P=0.032). With RCHOP management, there was no statistical difference in OS between the GCB (88.4%) and non-GCB groups (81.9%, P=0.288). Conclusion: Elevated LDH and ${\beta}2$-M levels, positive B symptoms, Ann Arbor stage III/IV, and primary nodal lymphoma indicate an unfavorable prognosis of DLBCL patients. Patients with GCB-like DLBCL have a better prognosis than those with non-GCB when treated with the CHOP regimen. The RCHOP treatment with the addition of rituximab can improve the prognosis of patients with DLBCL.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.8-17
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• 2017

Purpose: Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an indicator of arterial stiffness, and is considered a marker of vascular damage. However, a genome-wide association study analyzing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) has not been conducted in healthy populations. We performed this study to identify SNPs associated with baPWV in healthy populations in Korea. Materials and Methods: Genomic SNPs data for 2,407 individuals from three sites were analyzed as part of the Korean Genomic Epidemiologic Study. Without replication samples, we performed multivariable analysis as a post hoc analysis to verify the findings in site adjusted analysis. Healthy subjects aged between 40 and 70 years without self-reported history or diagnosis of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and cancer were included. We excluded subjects with a creatinine level >1.4 mg/dL (men) and 1.2 mg/dL (women). Results: In the site-adjusted association analysis, significant associations (P<$5{\times}10^{-8}$) with baPWV were detected for only 5 SNPs with low minor allele frequency. In multivariable analysis adjusted by age, sex, height, body mass index, mean arterial pressure, site, smoking, alcohol, and exercise, 11 SNPs were found to be associated (P<$5{\times}10^{-8}$) with baPWV. The 5 SNPs (P<$5{\times}10^{-8}$) linked to three genes (OPCML, PRR35 and RAB40C) were common between site-adjusted analysis and multivariable analysis. However, meta-analysis of the result from three sites for the 11 SNPs showed no significant associations. Conclusion: Using the recent standard for genome-wide association study, we did not find any evidence of significant association signals with baPWV.

• 철학연구
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• 제105권
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• pp.373-400
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• 2008

이 글은 도가와 유가의 사상을 통해 음악과 언어가 삶에서 무슨 의미를 지니는 지에 대해 고찰하기 위한 것이다. 도가가 음악과 언어를 삶 자체에서 분리한다면, 유가는 음악과 언어를 삶의 일부로서 취급한다. (1) 도가는 인간이 만들어낸 유위적 도구로서의 음악과 언어가 무위자연(無爲自然)의 본래적 상태를 기술하지 못한다고 비판한다. 도가는 음악과 언어가 사실을 기술하는 수단이기는 하지만, 진정한 사실에 도달할 수 있는 수단은 아니라고 본다. 그래서 도가는 탈아(脫我)적 방법으로 음악과 언어를 초월하여 '사물로써 사물을 보는[이물관물(以物觀物)]' 경지에 도달하고자 한다. (2) 한편 유가적 입장에서 보면 음악과 언어는 삶의 과정의 한 부분이다. 유가는 음악과 언어를 통해 진 선 미 등의 가치를 삶에서 실현하고자 한다. 유가는 음악과 정치 도덕의 연계를 통해서 사회를 발전시키려고 한다. 유가는 시(詩) 소(疏) 표(表) 기(記) 사(詞) 등의 글쓰기 장르를 통해 자신의 삶을 실현한다. 또한 유가의 시 창작에서 쓰이는 '흥(興)'의 기법은 언어가 삶속에서 주변의 사물과 함께 형성된다는 것을 보여준다. (3) 비록 유가에서 주장한 것처럼 소리 음악 말 글 등이 인간의 주관적 서사와 결부될 수밖에 없을지라도, 누군가의 서사가 하나의 이데올로기적 구호에 매몰될 뿐이라면 다양한 자아들의 서사는 끝내 불가능할 것이다. 따라서 유가적 음악관과 언어관은 도덕주의적 이분법에 편향되지 않을 때라야 삶에서 발생하는 다양한 개체들의 서사들을 풍부하게 할 수 있을 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2017

Background and Objectives Tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) is one of the most effective treatment modalities of tinnitus based on the neurophysiological model proposed by Jastreboff and Hazell. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of counselor factor on treatment outcomes of TRT. Subjects and Method The total of 78 patients who had TRT from three different counselors in a tinnitus clinic of tertiary referral center from Jan 2015 to Dec 2015 were included in this study. Their medical records were retrospectively reviewed to evaluate the therapeutic response to TRT. Results Among 78 patients who were followed-up for more than 6 months, 47, 20, and 11 patients were treated by counselors A, B, C (all ENT specialists), respectively. Counselor A had 15-year-experience of TRT counseling, whereas counselor B and C were well trained but beginners of TRT counseling. Initial clinical characteristics including Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and tinnitus Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores of the patients among three groups were not significantly different. Treatment responses evaluated via THI and most of the tinnitus VAS scores after at least 6 months after TRT were significantly improved in all three groups (p<0.05) with no significant difference between the senior (A) and junior (B, C) group. Conclusion TRT seems to be an effective treatment modality of tinnitus even in this short term follow-up study. Treatment outcomes of TRT may not depend on the counselors once they are well trained and follow the same protocol.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.170-177
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• 2022

In mountainous regions, wild herbs which can also be edible in nature for humans and animals possess a wide array of biologically diversified properties. It is because of the fact that due to the cold weather of mountains; they are enriched in certain kinds of phytochemicals such as anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory and many more. One such kind of an herb is Aster scaber (AS) in Korean. It is a widely cultivated culinary herb in Korean peninsula and used as a side dish in Korean culinary cuisine. In view of its extensive use in cuisine, we geared to unravel the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of AS in murine alveolar macrophage cell line (MH-S). 2,2'-Azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assays revealed a dose dependent (7.8~1,000 ㎍/mL) inhibition of oxidation by AS 70% ethanol (ASE) extract as compared to Trolox and Ascorbic acid respectively. Nitric oxide assay (NO) showed a dose dependent decrease (5~40 ㎍/mL) in MH-S cells with ASE when stimulated with Coal Fly Ash (CFA). Moreover, this dose for NO reduction was also found to be least cytotoxic for cells as determined by cellular viability (MTT) assay. The gene expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (iNOS and COX-2) and cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1β) and were also dose dependently inhibited by ASE in MH-S cells through RT-PCR. Therefore, in light of these findings, AS exhibited a strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. These results also justify the extensive use of this mountainous herb in culinary practices for beneficial effects on human health.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.703-712
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• 2023

기존 혈관에서 새로운 혈관을 형성하는 혈관 신생은 혈관 신생 조절인자에 의해 조절되는 다단계 과정이며 배아 발달, 만성 염증 및 상처 복구를 포함한 다양한 생리학적 과정에 필수적이다. 혈관 신생의 조절장애는 암, 자가 면역 질환, 류마티스 관절염, 심혈관 질환 및 상처 치유 지연과 같은 많은 질병을 유발한다. 그러나 효과적인 혈관신생 억제 약물은 제한되어 있으며, 최근 연구에서는 천연 자원에서 잠재적인 약물후보를 식별하는 데 중점을 두고 있다. 예를 들어, 해양 천연물은 항암, 항산화, 항염증, 항바이러스 및 상처 치유 효과를 입증했다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 톳(갈조류) 추출물의 혈관 신생 억제 효과를 확인했습니다. H. fusiformis 추출물은 인간 제대 정맥 내피 세포(HUVECs)에서 세포 이동, 침윤 및 관 형성을 억제하며, 동시에 Matrigel 겔 플러그 분석을 통해 생체 내 혈관 신생을 억제를 확인했다. 또한, 톳 추출물 처리 후 VEGF, Erk, Akt의 활성이 감소하는 것을 확인했다. 이 결과를 토대로 H. fusiformis 추출물이 in vitro 및 in vivo 혈관 신생을 억제함을 시사한다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.399-407
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• 2024

혈관신생은 기존 혈관에서 새로운 혈관을 형성하는 과정이며, 이 현상은 성장, 치유, 월경주기의 변화 중에 발생한다. 종양의 경우, 혈관신생은 원발성 종양의 지속적인 성장, 전이 촉진, 전이성 종양 성장 지원 및 암 진행에 중요한 복잡하고 다면적인 과정이다. 혈관신생 장애는 암 발병, 자가면역 질환, 류마티스 관절염, 심혈관 질환 및 상처 치유 지연을 초래할 수 있다. 현재 유효한 혈관신생 억제약물은 제한된 수에 불과하다. 최근 연구에 따르면 해양 천연물이 혈관신생 억제효과를 나타내는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 이전 연구에서 Hizikia fusiformis의 핵산 추출물(HFC)이 in vitro 및 in vivo에서 혈관 신생 억제효과를 확인하고 보고하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 H. fusiformis의 클로로포름 추출물(HFC)의 혈관신생 억제 효과를 확인하는 것이다. HFC가 세포 이동, 침입 및 관 형성을 포함하여 HUVEC 세포에 미치는 영향을 조사하였고, 또한 마우스 Matrigel 겔 플러그 분석을 통해 생체 내 혈관 신생 억제 효과도 조사하였다. 또한 HFC 처리 후 혈관신생에 중요한 인자인 VEGF, FGFR의 발현이 억제되고, Erk, Akt의 활성이 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 해양갈조류 톳(H. fusiformis)의 클로르포름 추출물이 in vitro 및 in vivo 혈관 신생을 억제함을 보여준다.