• 제목/요약/키워드: SHB

검색결과 27건 처리시간 0.018초

꿀벌 외래 해충, 작은벌집밑빠진벌레(Aethina tumida Murray, 1867)의 초기 발견 봉장 내 공간 분포 특성 (Spatial Distribution Patterns of a Newly Invaded Honeybee Pest, Aethina tumida Murray, 1867 (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in an Apiary Where it was First Detected)

  • 홍석민;정철의
    • 한국양봉학회지
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.163-170
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    • 2017
  • 꼬마벌집밑빠진벌레(SHB, Aethina tumida Murray(Coleoptera : Nitidulidae))는 벌통 내부에 소비와 저장식량에 피해를 주는 꿀벌 해충이다. 국내 Apis mellifera 벌통에 대한 SHB의 최초 피해 보고는 2016년 9월 23일 경남 밀양시에서 보고되었다. 그 후, 2016년 10월 5일 밀양시 양봉장에서 벌통 내부와 벌통 입구 30cm내에서 SHB 공간 분포를 조사했습니다. 총 169개의 벌통을 조사하였다. 벌통 내부에서는 SHB 유충과 성충이 발견되었으며, 토양 내에서는 성충, 유충 그리고 번데기가 발견되었다. 성충 SHB가 발견된 벌통 중 61% 벌통 내 꿀벌이 존재하였으나, 유충 SHB가 발견된 벌통에서는 꿀벌이 존재하지 않았으며, 유충에 의한 봉군 파괴를 뜻하였다. 벌통 내 꿀벌이 존재하는 경우 꿀벌 개체수가 많을수록 SHB의 밀도가 높았다. 분산 계수(CD)는 벌통 내부와 토양 내부 간의 중요한 군집 분포를 보였다. CD는 토양 내부보다 벌통 내부에서 훨씬 높았다. SHB에 의해 꿀벌이 피해를 입어 벌통을 제대로 관리하지 못하여 벌통 내 봉군의 붕괴를 일으킨다는 것을 뜻한다. 또한 10월에도 여전히 벌통 내부에서 SHB의 발육과 번식이 이루어져 늦은 가을까지 SHB의 개체군이 증가할 수 있다. SHB의 한국환경 적응에 대한 더 자세한 분석은 꿀벌에 새롭게 발견된 신규 외래해충의 관리 전략을 제시하는데 도움이 될 수 있다.

초고속 유전자 증폭법을 이용한 벌집꼬마밑빠진벌레 (Aethina tumida)의 신속한 검출 기법 개발 (Development of Rapid Detection System for Small Hive Beetle (Aethina tumida) by using Ultra-Rapid PCR)

  • 김정민;임수진;;홍기정;윤병수
    • 한국양봉학회지
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    • 제32권2호
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    • pp.119-131
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    • 2017
  • 벌집꼬마밑빠진벌레 (Small hive beetle; SHB; Aethina tumida)의 신속검출과 대량 조사를 위하여 SHB 특이 초고속 유전자 증폭법을 개발하였다. 3쌍의 Aethina tumida-특이 유전자 증폭용 프라이머들은 벌집꼬마밑빠진벌레의 미토콘드리아 유전체 중 cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) 유전자에 근거하여 선발하였다. 최적화된 초고속 PCR은 $2.1{\times}10^1$ 분자의 작은벌집딱정벌레 COI 유전자를 18분 40초만에 특이적으로 그리고 정량적으로 검출할 수 있었다. 양봉현장의 적용을 위하여, 봉변으로부터 쉽게 DNA를 추출하는 방법을 고안하였으며, 봉변 1g 중 $10^5$ 분자의 벌집꼬마밑빠진벌레 COI 유전자가 존재할 경우(1/1000의 SHB 유충 사체), 10분 이내에 벌집꼬마밑빠진벌레의 존재와 분자적 정량을 마칠 수 있었다. 제안하는 이 실험법이 양봉현장에 널리 적용되어, 벌통 내 벌집꼬마밑빠진벌레의 침입여부 판단, 증식의 수준, 그리고 침입지역의 파악 및 제어에 활용되기를 기대한다.

Chemical Modification of Sheep Hemoglobin with Methoxy-Polyethylene Glycol

  • Jeong, Seong-Tae;Byun, Si-Myung
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.261-265
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    • 1996
  • Sheep hemoglobin (SHb) was modified with methoxy-polyethylene glycol (mPEG) to develop a potential blood substitute. mPEG has been used to decrease antigenicity and immunogenicity of foreign proteins. When the mPEG was attached to SHb, the modified hemoglobins showed decreased electrophoretic mobility on SDS-PAGE and decreased free amino groups. When the remaining free amino groups of mPEG modified SHb were determined by TNBS free amino group titration methods. about 34% of total free amino groups were modified with mPEG. This mPEG-SHb conjugate of 34% amino groups modified showed no precipitation by double immunodiffusion with polyclonal antibodies against SHb. This modified hemoglobin still has oxygen transport activity. So this antigenicity decreased hemoglobin may be used in humans as a potential blood substitute.

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The effect of divalent and trivalent cations on aggregation and surface hydrophobicity of selected microorganism

  • Alias, M. Anwar;Muda, Khalida;Affam, Augustine Chioma;Aris, Azmi;Hashim, Normala
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.61-74
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    • 2017
  • This study investigated the effect of various cations ($Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Al^{3+}$, $Mn^{2+}$, $Zn^{2+}$) on the autoaggregation (AAg) and surface hydrophobicity (SHb) of three different bacteria (Brevibacillus panacihumi strain (ZB1), Lysinibacillus fusiformis strain (ZB2) and Enterococcus faecalis strain (ZL)) using a 2-level factorial design. The AAg ratio was measured from the changes in the absorbance of the media. Results show that ZB2 had maximum AAg for the three bacteria investigated. A microscopic clustering of cells was observed when $Ca^{2+}$ was added to ZB2. The AAg was in the range of 62%, 58% and 34% for ZB2, ZB1 and ZL, respectively and correlated to the SHb. The aggregation and SHb of the microbial cells increased with increasing ionic strength due to the repulsive steric or overlap forces between the polymer covered surfaces. $Ca^{2+}$ demonstrated a more significant effect on aggregation and SHb of microbial cells due to an attractive binding force.

황환원 세균의 quorum-sensing 유사 현상

  • 박지은;장덕진
    • 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국생물공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회
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    • pp.545-548
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    • 2001
  • Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of metal is common in the natural environment and sulfate reducing bacteria are representative microorganisms for MIC. We found that biofilm fomlation by SRB on the metal surface might be controlled by quorum sensing, which is a cell density dependent regulation of cell metabolism. As cell free culture fluids (spent media) of Desulfovibrio vulgaris and D. desulfuricans were tested for quontrn sensing related test strains, it was found that spent media of two SRB induced increased luminescence of Vibrio harveyi BB886 (sensor 1+, sensor 2-) and BB170 (sensor 1-, sensor 2+). Quorum activities of D. vulgaris and D. desulfuricans appeared to be parallel to growth patterns, i.e., it was low in the lag phase, highly increased in the exponential phase, and reached maximum in the stationary phase. Interestingly, however, luminescence of V. harveyi BB886 and BB170 induced by a unit cell mass of the SHB showed a maximal peak in the late lag phase. Hence, it was suspected that quorum sensing of these two SHB play unknown roles in shifting cells from dormant to growth stages.

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SHB을 고려한 λ/4-shifted 3전극 가변파장 DFB-LD의 dc 특성 모델링 (The modeling for dc of a λ/4-shifted tunable three section DFB-LD characteristics considering spatial hole burning)

  • 전우철;엄진섭
    • 산업기술연구
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    • 제16권
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    • pp.147-155
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    • 1996
  • There is a considerable interest in tunable DFB-LD for their use in OFDM and coherent optical communications. In this paper, A modeling of ${\lambda}/4$-shifted tunable wavelength three electrode DFB-LD was performed considering the spatial hole burning within a laser diode cavity. The modeling will show design paramenters' requirement for high-speed and broad bandwidth lasers. The simulations of modeling prove that the continuous tuning range is about 3nm and the SMSR is about several dB. We showed that the optical power and carrier density distribution along z for several dc current with SHB. It was shown that prove that optical power and carrier density along cavity are changed and thismeans that modeling is correct.

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Refractive Index Modulated Distributed Feedback Laser Diode의 제안과 특성해석 (Proposal and Analysis of Characteristics of a Refractive Index Modulated Distributed Feedback Laser Diode)

  • 김홍국;이홍석;김부균;김병호
    • 전자공학회논문지D
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    • 제36D권5호
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    • pp.88-98
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    • 1999
  • 레이저의 종축방향으로 회절격자층을 형성하는 위쪽 클래딩 층의 가운데 부분의 굴절률을 양 옆부분과 다르게 하여 유효위상천이 효과를 넓은 영역에서 얻는 refractive index midulated (RIM) DFB 레이저를 제안한다.RIM-DFB 레이저는 SHB 효과를 줄이기 위하여 기존에 제안되었던 회절격자의 주기를 변화시켜 넓은 영역에 걸쳐서 유효 위상 천이를 주는 corrugation pitch modualtion (CPM) 방법과 레이저의 종축 방향으로 결합계수를 달리하여 주는 distributed coupling coefficients (DCC) 방법의 효과를 동시에 얻을 수 있는 실현 가능한 구조이다. 급격한 위상천이가 없기 때문에 광자밀도분포가 균일해져 SHB 효과가 줄어 들게 되며 레이저 공진기 가운데 부분의 결합계수가 양 옆 부분의 결합계수보다 커서 분포결합계수의 효과를 주기 때문에λ/4 위상천이 레이저와 CPM-DFB 레이저에 비해 고출력에서 좋은 단일 모드 특성을 보인다. 그리고, 굴절률이 다른 가운데 부분의 길이가 RIM-DFB 레이저의 동작특성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구하였다.

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RAV1 Negatively Regulates Seed Development by Directly Repressing MINI3 and IKU2 in Arabidopsis

  • Shin, Hyun-young;Nam, Kyoung Hee
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제41권12호
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    • pp.1072-1080
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    • 2018
  • A plant-specific B3 domain and AP2 domain-containing transcription factor, RAV1 acts as a negative regulator of growth in many plant species and its transcription was down-regulated by BR and ABA. In this study, we found that RAV1-overexpressing transgenic plants showed abnormally developed ovules, resulting in reduced seed size, weight, and number in a silique. Interestingly, the endogenous expression of RAV1 fluctuated during seed development; it remained low during the early stage of seed development and sharply increased in the seed maturation stage. In plants, seed development is a complex process that requires coordinated growth of the embryo, endosperm, and maternal integuments. Among many genes that are associated with endosperm proliferation and embryo development, three genes consisting of SHB1, MINI3, and IKU2 form a small unit positively regulating this process, and their expression was regulated by BR and ABA. Using the floral stage-specific RNAs, we found that the expression of MINI3 and IKU2, the two downstream genes of the SHB1-MINI3-IKU2 cascade in the seed development pathway, were particularly reduced in the RAV1-overexpressing transgenic plants. We further determined that RAV1 directly binds to the promoter of MINI3 and IKU2, resulting in their repression. Direct treatment with brassinolide (BL) improved seed development of RAV1-overexpressing plants, but treatment with ABA severely worsened it. Overall, these results suggest that RAV1 is an additional negative player in the early stages of seed development, during which ABA and BR signaling are coordinated.