• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.216-221
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• 2008

Shape design optimization for linear elasticity problem is performed using isogeometric analysis method. In many design optimization problems for real engineering models, initial raw data usually comes from CAD modeler. Then designer should convert this CAD data into finite element mesh data because conventional design optimization tools are generally based on finite element analysis. During this conversion there is some numerical error due to a geometry approximation, which causes accuracy problems in not only response analysis but also design sensitivity analysis. As a remedy of this phenomenon, the isogeometric analysis method is one of the promising approaches of shape design optimization. The main idea of isogeometric analysis is that the basis functions used in analysis is exactly same as ones which represent the geometry, and this geometrically exact model can be used shape sensitivity analysis and design optimization as well. In shape design sensitivity point of view, precise shape sensitivity is very essential for gradient-based optimization. In conventional finite element based optimization, higher order information such as normal vector and curvature term is inaccurate or even missing due to the use of linear interpolation functions. On the other hands, B-spline basis functions have sufficient continuity and their derivatives are smooth enough. Therefore normal vector and curvature terms can be exactly evaluated, which eventually yields precise optimal shapes. In this article, isogeometric analysis method is utilized for the shape design optimization. By virtue of B-spline basis function, an exact geometry can be handled without finite element meshes. Moreover, initial CAD data are used throughout the optimization process, including response analysis, shape sensitivity analysis, design parameterization and shape optimization, without subsequent communication with CAD description.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.726-736
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• 2015

The apparel industry has recently been recognizing the important target market of middle-aged women. The aim of this study was to examine the anthropometric characteristics of US women of 46 to 65 years of age and identify distinctive body shape characteristics of US middle-aged women. A total of 1915 middle-aged women whose ages ranged from 46 to 65 were selected from the SizeUSA database. The age range was divided into two groups: 46-55 and 56-65. Twenty-four body measurements important for apparel development were chosen. Four factors-Girth Factor, Height Factor, Hip Drop Factor, and Bust Drop Factor-accounted for the US middle-aged women's body measurements. The body shapes were classified into four body shapes, which were Y-Shape in the overweight range, S-Shape in the overweight range, H-Shape in the overweight range, and the A-Shape in obese range. H-Shape, which was the least-defined waist in relation to the bust and hips with a short height, existed more in older middle-aged women than in younger middle-aged women. Y-Shape, S-Shape, and A-Shape existed more in the group of younger middle-aged women than in the group of older middle-aged women. In addition, compared with the younger middle-aged women, older middle-aged women had narrower shoulders, a larger waist, thinner legs, and a longer distance between side neck to bust point. The findings from the current study may be applied in the apparel industry for developing clothing sizing systems for US middle-aged women.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.204-220
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• 2007

The background of Korean Ethnical Costume was originated from those northern mounted nomadic groups, which was Scythe style Costume Culture. Through the antique records and paintings of tombs bequests hereby describe the forms of Scythian Cotume (1) Headgear : There was Conical Cap(or Pointed Cap), Feathered Cap, and Crown. (2) Clothes : Both Men and Women wore Jacket as upper garment with leftsided collars, narrow sleeves to the length of the hip line. As lower garment, they wore the tight Trousers and Kungo(:窮袴)that was attached with gusset. (3) Belts and Boots : On the upper garment bound the leather Belts that was hanged a hook that was shaped of animal form at the end. Scythian Buckles was divided into six groups, animal-shaped, animal's head shaped, animal fight-shaped, rectangle-shaped, rectangle openwork-shaped, genre scene shaped Buckle. To the Boots, they wore leather boots. (4) Ornaments : Ornaments divided into Dress Trimming(:Gold plaques), Earrings, Necklaces(;Torques), Bracelets, Rings. Scythian Gold Plaques were divided into several types according to the shape, animal style(curved beast shape, profile shape, head reversed over its back shape), round shape, quadrilateral form, star shape, flower shape, crescent shape, bundle shape, human appearance. Earrings consisted of a plain ring and pendant ring was a middle ornament hung from it to a pendants which hung was made of heart shaped leaves of the tree, beads-linked. Scythian Torques were divided into several types according to the shape, Torque with Terminal style, Spiral style, Layers style, Crescent-shaped pectoral style, Crown style. Scythian Bracelet were divided into 4 styles according to the shape, Bracelets with ends shaped like beasts style, Spiral style, Layers style, Crown with openwork style. Rings were rhomb-shaped and animal shaped styleRings (5) Animal motifs used in Scythian ornaments appears that in some cases the work was intended to be purely ornamental, while many times the motifs had symbolic meaning (such as the successful dominance of the aggressor over the victim portrayed in the attack scenes). Magical use of symbols may have been inten-ded to guarantee the power of the aggressor.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.15B no.5
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• pp.391-396
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• 2008

Motion of object in a video clip often plays an important role in characterizing the content of the clip. A number of methods have been developed to analyze and retrieve video contents using motion information. However, most of these methods focused more on the analysis of direction or trajectory of motion but less on the analysis of the movement of an object itself. In this paper, we propose the shape sequence descriptor to describe and compare the movement based on the shape deformation caused by object motion along the time. A movement information is first represented a sequence of 2D shape of object extracted from input image sequence, and then 2D shape information is converted 1D shape feature using the shape descriptor. The shape sequence descriptor is obtained from the shape descriptor sequence by frequency transform along the time. Our experiment results show that the proposed method can be very simple and effective to describe the object movement and can be applicable to semantic applications such as content-based video retrieval and human movement recognition.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.880-892
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• 2009

Objectives : This study is about a comparison of controlled and uncontrolled hypertension groups regarding pulse shape and quality of life. We aimed to find out if pulse shape would be able to help with hypertension treatment and care. Methods : We surveyed "controlled and uncontrolled hypertension patients" using SF-36, HTN QoL (measurement scale for the quality of life in hypertensive patients) and 3-D MAC pulse analyzer for pulse shape. Results : The uncontrolled hypertension group tended to have a sink pulse in the left cun. right guan & chi parts compared to the controlled hypertension group. Within the controlled hypertension group, patients who had a float pulse shape in both guan parts had a higher quality of life than patients who had a normal pulse shape. And the patients who had a normal pulse shape in both chi parts had a higher quality of life than patients with a slow or fast pulse shape. Within the uncontrolled hypertension grouP. the patients who had a normal pulse shape in right guan part had a higher quality of life than those with a choppy pulse shape. Nevertheless, these results were limited to only a few quality of life issues and were inconsistent in relation to specific pulse shapes. Conclusion : If we have more samples and better methods for collecting data, we will have better results, allowing us to improve our ability to predict and treat hypertension.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.389-395
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• 2017

This paper showed the difference in the optimum conditions by using the ANSYS CFX simulation program with the changes of the main-blade angle and sub-blade angle. Main-blade Shape 4,which had angle $45^{\circ}$ while other Shapes with angle $0^{\circ}$, was increased to 157.2[%] to 263.2[%] in the power and was increased to 110[%] to 250[%] in the power coefficient. Moreover, when the Shape 5 Fin length of main-blade doubled, the power was 70.8[%] when compared with Shape 1 and 27.5[%] with shape 4.If the main-blade geometry equals shape 1 in the case structure, The power of Case1 was increased to 13.3[%] when compared with Case2. Also, the power coefficient was increased to 15.4[%]. When sub-blade angle was $45^{\circ}$, main-blade was better than the Fin type than the Bended type. The power of Case4 was increased to 47[%] when compared with Csae1 and increased to 13.6[%] with Case 3. Also, the power coefficient was 46.7[%] when compared with Case 1 and 15.8[%] with Case 3.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.101-108
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the subjective evaluation and the characteristics of each type of maternal self-awareness. It was to provide the basic data necessary for the development of clothing that can improve the satisfaction of the body shape of pregnant women. This study was conducted with Q methodology, and was performed for pregnant women over 6 months. Analysis was done with QUANL program. The recognition types of body shape of pregnant women was analyzed as three types: thin limbs and central hemispherical abdominal body shape, under abdomen protruding body shape, and thick upper arm and central abdomen protruding body shape. The thin limbs and central hemispherical abdominal body shape were considered to be normal, with the lowest BMI index before pregnancy. And the limbs were thin and the other parts were not overweight, but recognized that only the belly came out. The under abdomen protruding body shape was overweight with the highest BMI index before pregnancy. In addition to the circumference of the chest and hips, the body was gaining weight and was perceived to have a belly drooping down. The thick upper arm and central abdomen protruding body shape recognized that the middle part of the abdomen protruded like the first type, but it was different from the first type because the upper arm was thickened. In the future study, it would be a meaningful study to compare and analyze the difference with the recognition body of this study through analyzing the actual body shape of pregnant women.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.214-231
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this research is a comparative study of the actual, the perceptive and the ideal body shape of the obese and non-obese female in their twenties and thirties Methods: The actual, the perceptive and the ideal body shape of the obese female and the non-obese female were collected and statistically analyzed in 25-34 years old. Results: In 25-29 years old the obese group and the non-obese group shows considerable difference in the weight, abdomen, calf circumstance in their actual body shape, but they recognize similar size as their ideal body shape in the hip, thigh and calf circumstances. They recognized that they are fatter than the actual body shape in the thigh, hip, and calf circumstances in common. In 30-34 years old the obese group and the non-obese group shows considerable difference in the weight, upper arm, abdomen, hip, thigh, calf circumstances in the actual body shape, but they recognize similar size as their ideal body shape in the thigh, hip, and calf circumstances. They recognized that they are fatter than the actual body shape in the weight, upper arm circumstances in common. Conclusion: These new data about body shape in 25-34 years women could be adopt as a useful clinical tool for body image related patients such as obesity, PCOD and postpartum patient in Korean women.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1096-1100
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose an automatic segmentation of the meniscus based on active shape model using interpolated shape information in MR images. First, the statistical shape model of meniscus is constructed to reflect the shape variation in the training set. Second, the generation technique of interpolated shape information by using the weight according to shape similarity is proposed to robustly segment the meniscus with large variation. Finally, the automatic meniscus segmentation is performed through the active shape model fitting. For the evaluation of our method, we performed the visual inspection, accuracy measure and processing time. For accuracy evaluation, the average distance difference between automatic segmentation and semi-automatic segmentation are calculated and visualized by color-coded mapping. Experimental results show that the average distance difference was $0.54{\pm}0.16mm$ in medial meniscus and $0.73{\pm}0.39mm$ in lateral meniscus. The total processing time was 4.87 seconds on average.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 2020

This study provide basic data to develop a dress form reflecting body shape characteristics by age and to produce a 3D body form in a virtual fitting program. A comparative analysis was conducted on the size, section shape, and slope of side shape of the modeling form by the sizing of the basic female avatar in CLO 3D, one of the 3D apparel CAD programs and the body form of women in their 20s-50s by body shape in the 6th Size Korea (2010). First, all the differences were formed similarly in the direct measurements between the 3D avatar and the body form were within 1 mm. Second, in a comparison of the section form of the avatar and body form in Size Korea, the avatar was formed in straight body shape and did not reflect a spinal curvature according to age. As a result of an examination of the items with a difference over 5° in the slope of side shape, there were angle differences in numerous body shapes in the angles of the side upper abdomen, side upper back, and side upper bust, and the avatar's bust shape was expressed more flatly compared to body form. It will be possible to produce an avatar that can adequately reflect body shape characteristics by adding detailed length and angle items by the region like waist back length and front length in producing the avatar reflecting body shape characteristics, instead of a standard body shape.