• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.25-38
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• 2022

With the diversification of payment methods and games, related financial accidents are causing serious problems for users and game companies. Recently, game companies have introduced an Fraud Detection System (FDS) for game payment systems to prevent financial incident. However, FDS is ineffective and cannot provide major evidence based on judgment results, as it requires constant change of detection patterns. In this paper, we analyze abnormal transactions among payment log data of real game companies to generate related features. One of the unsupervised learning models, Autoencoder, was used to build a model to detect abnormal transactions, which resulted in over 85% accuracy. Using X-FDS (Explainable FDS) with XAI-SHAP, we could understand that the variables with the highest explanation for anomaly detection were the amount of transaction, transaction medium, and the age of users. Based on X-FDS, we derive an improved detection model with an accuracy of 94% was finally derived by fine-tuning the importance of features that adversely affect the proposed model.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.67-77
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• 2023

This study represents an innovative research conducted in the smart farm environment, developing a deep learning-based disease and pest detection model and applying it to the Intelligent Internet of Things (IoT) platform to explore new possibilities in the implementation of digital agricultural environments. The core of the research was the integration of the latest ImageNet models such as Pseudo-Labeling, RegNet, EfficientNet, and preprocessing methods to detect various diseases and pests in complex agricultural environments with high accuracy. To this end, ensemble learning techniques were applied to maximize the accuracy and stability of the model, and the model was evaluated using various performance indicators such as mean Average Precision (mAP), precision, recall, accuracy, and box loss. Additionally, the SHAP framework was utilized to gain a deeper understanding of the model's prediction criteria, making the decision-making process more transparent. This analysis provided significant insights into how the model considers various variables to detect diseases and pests.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.143-153
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• 2024

Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) method is a tunnel excavation method that produces lower levels of noise and vibration during excavation compared to drilling and blasting methods, and it offers higher stability. It is increasingly being applied to tunnel projects worldwide. The disc cutter is an excavation tool mounted on the cutterhead of a TBM, which constantly interacts with the ground at the tunnel face, inevitably leading to wear. In this study quantitatively predicted disc cutter wear using geological conditions, TBM operational parameters, and machine learning algorithms. Among the input variables for predicting disc cutter wear, the Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) is considerably limited compared to machine and wear data, so the UCS estimation for the entire section was first conducted using TBM machine data, and then the prediction of the Coefficient of Wearing rate(CW) was performed with the completed data. Comparing the performance of CW prediction models, the XGBoost model showed the highest performance, and SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) analysis was conducted to interpret the complex prediction model.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.513-515
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• 2022

본 연구는 범죄를 발생시키는데 관련된 여러가지 요인들을 기반으로 범죄 예측 모델을 생성하고 설명 가능 인공지능 기술을 적용하여 인천 광역시를 대상으로 범죄 발생에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석하였다. 범죄 예측 모델 생성을 위해 XG Boost 알고리즘을 적용하였으며, 설명 가능 인공지능 기술로는 Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP)을 사용하였다. 기존 관련 사례들을 참고하여 범죄 예측에 사용된 변수를 선정하였고 변수에 대한 데이터는 공공 데이터를 수집하였다. 실험 결과 성매매단속 현황과 청소년 실종 가출 신고 현황이 범죄 발생에 큰 영향을 미치는 주요 요인으로 나타났다. 제안하는 모델은 범죄 발생 지역, 요인들을 미리 예측하여 제시함으로써 범죄 예방에 사용되는 인력자원, 물적자원 등을 용이하게 쓸 수 있도록 활용할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.47-61
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• 2023

Satisfaction on the residential environment is a major factor influencing the choice of residence and migration, and is directly related to the quality of life in the city. As online services of real estate increases, people's evaluation on the residential environment can be easily checked and it is possible to analyze their satisfaction and its determining factors based on their evaluation. This means that a larger amount of evaluation can be used more efficiently than previously used methods such as surveys. This study analyzed the residential environment reviews of about 30,000 apartment residents collected from 'Zigbang', an online real estate service in Seoul. The apartment review of Zigbang consists of an evaluation grade on a 5-point scale and the evaluation content directly described by the dweller. At first, this study labeled apartment reviews as positive and negative based on the scores of recommended reviews that include comprehensive evaluation about apartment. Next, to classify them automatically, developed a model by using Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers(BERT), a deep learning-based natural language processing model. After that, by using SHapley Additive exPlanation(SHAP), extract word tokens that play an important role in the classification of reviews, to derive determining factors of the evaluation of the residential environment. Furthermore, by analyzing related keywords using Word2Vec, priority considerations for improving satisfaction on the residential environment were suggested. This study is meaningful that suggested a model that automatically classifies satisfaction on the residential environment into positive and negative by using apartment review big data and deep learning, which are qualitative evaluation data of residents, so that it's determining factors were derived. The result of analysis can be used as elementary data for improving the satisfaction on the residential environment, and can be used in the future evaluation of the residential environment near the apartment complex, and the design and evaluation of new complexes and infrastructure.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.156-168
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• 2024

Purpose: The trend of highway traffic accidents shows a repeating pattern of increase and decrease, with the fatality rate being highest on highways among all road types. Therefore, there is a need to establish improvement measures that reflect the situation within the country. Method: We conducted accident severity analysis using Random Forest on data from accidents occurring on 10 specific routes with high accident rates among national highways from 2019 to 2021. Factors influencing accident severity were identified. Result: The analysis, conducted using the SHAP package to determine the top 10 variable importance, revealed that among highway traffic accidents, the variables with a significant impact on accident severity are the age of the perpetrator being between 20 and less than 39 years, the time period being daytime (06:00-18:00), occurrence on weekends (Sat-Sun), seasons being summer and winter, violation of traffic regulations (failure to comply with safe driving), road type being a tunnel, geometric structure having a high number of lanes and a high speed limit. We identified a total of 10 independent variables that showed a positive correlation with highway traffic accident severity. Conclusion: As accidents on highways occur due to the complex interaction of various factors, predicting accidents poses significant challenges. However, utilizing the results obtained from this study, there is a need for in-depth analysis of the factors influencing the severity of highway traffic accidents. Efforts should be made to establish efficient and rational response measures based on the findings of this research.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.523-541
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• 2023

As accessibility to 3D printers increases, there is a growing frequency of exposure to chemicals associated with 3D printing. However, research on the toxicity and harmfulness of chemicals generated by 3D printing is insufficient, and the performance of toxicity prediction using in silico techniques is limited due to missing molecular structure data. In this study, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model based on data-centric AI approach was developed to predict the toxicity of new 3D printing materials by imputing missing values in molecular descriptors. First, MissForest algorithm was utilized to impute missing values in molecular descriptors of hazardous 3D printing materials. Then, based on four different machine learning models (decision tree, random forest, XGBoost, SVM), a machine learning (ML)-based QSAR model was developed to predict the bioconcentration factor (Log BCF), octanol-air partition coefficient (Log Koa), and partition coefficient (Log P). Furthermore, the reliability of the data-centric QSAR model was validated through the Tree-SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) method, which is one of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques. The proposed imputation method based on the MissForest enlarged approximately 2.5 times more molecular structure data compared to the existing data. Based on the imputed dataset of molecular descriptor, the developed data-centric QSAR model achieved approximately 73%, 76% and 92% of prediction performance for Log BCF, Log Koa, and Log P, respectively. Lastly, Tree-SHAP analysis demonstrated that the data-centric-based QSAR model achieved high prediction performance for toxicity information by identifying key molecular descriptors highly correlated with toxicity indices. Therefore, the proposed QSAR model based on the data-centric XAI approach can be extended to predict the toxicity of potential pollutants in emerging printing chemicals, chemical process, semiconductor or display process.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.701-704
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• 2023

본 연구는 반도체 제조 과정에서 생산 가용 능력이 저하되는 시점을 조기 탐지하기 위한 프레임워크를 제안한다. 이를 위해 데이터 패턴의 불규칙한 변동이 잦은 환경에서 모델의 재학습 없이 최적의 성능을 유지할 수 있도록 온라인 학습 방식을 활용하였다. Augmented Dicky-Fuller test 를 통해 데이터의 정상성 여부를 검정하고, 데이터에 변화가 있을 경우 학습 모델은 지속적으로 업데이트된다. 특히, 상한 재공재고는 생산량과 직결되는 주요 지표로써, 낮게 예측된 시점에서 주요 원인 변수를 파악하는 것이 중요하다. 따라서 정확도와 효율성 측면에서 다른 모델 대비 가장 우수한 성능을 보였던 제안 기법에 shapley additive explanations(SHAP)을 적용하여 생산 저하 시 문제가 되는 원인 변수를 분석하고자 하였다.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.17-27
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• 2023

Today, as AI (Artificial Intelligence) technology develops and its practicality increases, it is widely used in various application fields in real life. At this time, the AI model is basically learned based on various statistical properties of the learning data and then distributed to the system, but unexpected changes in the data in a rapidly changing data situation cause a decrease in the model's performance. In particular, as it becomes important to find drift signals of deployed models in order to respond to new and unknown attacks that are constantly created in the security field, the need for lifecycle management of the entire model is gradually emerging. In general, it can be detected through performance changes in the model's accuracy and error rate (loss), but there are limitations in the usage environment in that an actual label for the model prediction result is required, and the detection of the point where the actual drift occurs is uncertain. there is. This is because the model's error rate is greatly influenced by various external environmental factors, model selection and parameter settings, and new input data, so it is necessary to precisely determine when actual drift in the data occurs based only on the corresponding value. There are limits to this. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to detect when actual drift occurs through an Anomaly analysis technique based on XAI (eXplainable Artificial Intelligence). As a result of testing a classification model that detects DGA (Domain Generation Algorithm), anomaly scores were extracted through the SHAP(Shapley Additive exPlanations) Value of the data after distribution, and as a result, it was confirmed that efficient drift point detection was possible.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.55-56
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• 2022

Hypertension is a severe health problem and increases the risk of other health issues, such as heart disease, heart attack, and stroke. In this research, we propose a machine learning-based prediction method for the risk of chronic hypertension. The proposed method consists of four main modules. In the first module, the linear interpolation method fills missing values of the integration of gas and meteorological datasets. In the second module, the OrdinalEncoder-based normalization is followed by the Decision tree algorithm to select important features. The prediction analysis module builds three models based on k-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Tree, and Random Forest to predict hypertension levels. Finally, the features used in the prediction model are explained by the DeepSHAP approach. The proposed method is evaluated by integrating the Korean meteorological agency dataset, natural gas leakage dataset, and Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dataset. The experimental results showed important global features for the hypertension of the entire population and local components for particular patients. Based on the local explanation results for a randomly selected 65-year-old male, the effect of hypertension increased from 0.694 to 1.249 when age increased by 0.37 and gas loss increased by 0.17. Therefore, it is concluded that gas loss is the cause of high blood pressure.