• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.941-946
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• 2001

The effects of various concentrations of saturated fatty acids (SFA; caprylic, capric and stearic acids) on the growth of the anaerobic fungus, Neocallimastix frontalis C5-1 isolated from the rumen of a Korean native goat were investigated. At higher concentrations of fatty acids (0.1%, w/v), the addition of SFA strongly decreased filter paper (FP) cellulose digestion and polysaccharide-degrading enzyme activity. The sensitivity of the rumen anaerobic fungus to the added fatty acids increased in the following order: caprylic ($C_{8:0}$)>capric($C_{10:0}$)>stearic($C_{18:0}$) acid, although stearic acid had no significant (p<0.05) inhibitory effects at any of the concentrations tested. However, the addition of SFA at lower concentrations (0.01 and 0.001% levels), did not inhibit FP cellulose degradation and enzyme activity. Furthermore, although these parameters were slightly stimulated by the addition of SFA, they were not statistically different from control values. This is the first report examining the effects of fatty acids on anaerobic gut fungi. We found that the lower levels of fatty acids used in this experiment were able to stimulate the growth and specific enzyme activities of rumen anaerobic fungi, whereas the higher levels of fatty acids were inhibitory with respect to fungal cellulolysis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.162-173
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• 2015

The cellular fatty acid composition is important for metabolic plasticity in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. We explored the effects of changing the cellular ratio of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) to saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in R. sphaeroides by overexpressing several key fatty acid biosynthetic enzymes through the use of expression plasmid pRK415. Bacteria containing the plasmid pRKfabI₁ with the fabI₁ gene that encodes enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase showed a reduction in the cellular UFA to SFA ratio from 4 (80% UFA) to 2 (65% UFA) and had decreased membrane fluidity and reduced cell growth. Additionally, the ratio of UFA to SFA of the chromatophore vesicles from pRKfabI₁-containing cells was similarly lowered, and the cell had decreased levels of light-harvesting complexes, but no change in intracytoplasmic membrane (ICM) content or photosynthetic (PS) gene expression. Both inhibition of enoyl-ACP reductase with diazaborine and addition of exogenous UFA restored membrane fluidity, cell growth, and the UFA to SFA ratio to wild-type levels in this strain. R. sphaeroides containing the pRKfabB plasmid with the fabB gene that encodes the enzyme β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase I exhibited an increased UFA to SFA ratio from 4 (80% UFA) to 9 (90% UFA), but showed no change in membrane fluidity or growth rate relative to control cells. Thus, membrane fluidity in R. sphaeroides remains fairly unchanged when membrane UFA levels are between 80% and 90%, whereas membrane fluidity, cell growth, and cellular composition are affected when UFA levels are below 80%.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.763-768
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• 2012

The objective of this study was undertaken to investigate changes in fatty acid profile of breast and thigh muscle of old laying hens as transferred from cage to backyard raising system and to provide basic information on using old laying hens to producers for environmental managements. Overall, percentages of unsaturated fatty acid obtained from breast and thigh muscle with cage and backyard raising system are the most abundant, followed by saturated fatty acid. For breast muscle, there were no differences (P>0.05) between cage rearing system and backyard raising system in saturated fatty acid (SFA) and mono unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA). Poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and PUFA:SFA ratios were significantly higher in backyard raising systems in comparison with cage rearing systems (P<0.05). No differences (P>0.05) were detected between both rearing systems for MUFA, PUFA, and PUFA:SFA ratios with thigh muscles. SFA in thigh muscle was significantly (P<0.05) higher in cage rearing systems compared with backyard raising systems. In conclusion, using breast and thigh muscle meats from old laying hens as functional foods or investigating impact assessment on the improvement of farm management system may serve as a good management practice to encourage producers.

• BMB Reports
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• 제53권11호
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• pp.605-610
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• 2020

Skeletal myogenesis is a complex process that is finely regulated by myogenic transcription factors. Recent studies have shown that saturated fatty acids (SFA) can suppress the activation of myogenic transcription factors and impair the myogenic differentiation of progenitor cells. Despite the increasing evidence of the roles of miRNAs in myogenesis, the targets and myogenic regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs are largely unknown, particularly when myogenesis is dysregulated by SFA deposition. This study examined the implications of SFA-induced miR-183-5p on the myogenic differentiation in C2C12 myoblasts. Long-chain SFA palmitic acid (PA) drastically reduced myogenic transcription factors, such as myoblast determination protein (MyoD), myogenin (MyoG), and myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C), and inhibited FHL1 expression and myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts, accompanied by the induction of miR-183-5p. The knockdown of FHL1 by siRNA inhibited myogenic differentiation of myoblasts. Interestingly, miR-183-5p inversely regulated the expression of FHL1, a crucial regulator of skeletal myogenesis, by targeting the 3'UTR of FHL1 mRNA. Furthermore, the transfection of miR-183-5p mimic suppressed the expression of MyoD, MyoG, MEF2C, and MyHC, and impaired the differentiation and myotube formation of myoblasts. Overall, this study highlights the role of miR-183-5p in myogenic differentiation through FHL1 repression and suggests a novel miRNA-mediated mechanism for myogenesis in a background of obesity.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.286-292
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• 2015

Fatty acid (FA) composition of longissimus dorsi intramuscular fat in Black Yak and Chinese Yellow Cattle were evaluated in 44 Black Yak and 41 Chinese Yellow Cattle of both genders. Interactions of species with gender were observed for total saturated fatty acid (SFA), unsaturated fatty acid (UFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, EPA, and DHA concentrations, as well as PUFA/SFA ratio in the longissimus dorsi (p<0.05). The SFA percentage was greater in yellow cattle than yak in both genders but the species difference in heifers was greater than in steers (p<0.05). Yak had greater UFA, MUFA and PUFA percentages than yellow cattle in both steers and heifers (p<0.05) but the difference between yak and yellow cattle heifers was greater than yak and yellow cattle steers. The percentages of inolenic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid; and PUFA/SFA were greater in yak than yellow cattle in both steers and heifers (p<0.05). In addition, the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA in yak was lesser than in yellow cattle (p<0.05). These results indicated that FA composition generally differed between yak and yellow cattle but the differences were not the same in heifers as compared to steers. Results also suggested that species differences in FA composition tended to favor Black Yak over Chinese Yellow Cattle, indicating that the longissimus dorsi of Black Yak may have a higher nutritive value than that of Chinese Yellow Cattle and potential for development as a desirable natural product.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.948-954
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between muscle fiber characteristics and fatty acid composition of four major muscles in Korean native black goat (KNBG). Longissimus lumborum (LL), psoas major (PM), semimembranosus (SM), and gluteus medius (GM) were obtained from five male KNBGs of 36 mon of age and subjected to histochemical analysis and to determine fatty acid composition and meat quality traits. There were significant (p<0.05) differences in fiber number percentage (FNP) and fiber area percentage (FAP) of fiber types among these four muscles. PM had the highest FNP of type I and the lowest FNP of type IIB, while SM had the highest FNP of type IIB. The highest fat content was observed in LL while SM had the lowest fat content. The proportions of SFA and MUFA were significantly (p<0.05) different among four muscles due to differences in the majority of fatty acids such as oleic (C18:1) and palmitic (C16:0) acids. The PUFA/SFA ratio was significantly (p<0.05) different among four muscles, and the highest PUFA/SFA ratio was observed in PM. Results suggested that LL and PM might be healthful because of higher desirable fatty acid value and PUFA/SFA ratio, respectively. Also, data showed that correlations between muscle fiber types and fatty acids proportion of goat muscles were reversed with those of cattle muscles.

• 한국축산식품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국축산식품학회 2006년도 정기총회 및 제37차 춘계 국제학술발표대회
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• pp.107-111
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• 2006

본 연구는 돼지 품종에 따른 지방 함량, 지방산 조성 및 전자코에 의한 향기 패턴의 차이를 분석하고자 실시하였으며, 평균 생시체중이 111 kg인 멧돼지 5두, 64 kg인 재래흑돼지 5두 및 114 kg인 개량종 돼지($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$) 5두의 등심(M. longissimus) 부위를 본 실험에 이용하였다. 근내 지방함량은 재래흑돼지가 멧돼지, 개량종 돼지보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 지방산 조성에서 C14:0, C18:3n3, MUFA/SFA 비율은 재래흑돼지가 가장 유의적으로 높았으며(p<0.05), C18:1n9는 개량종 돼지가 멧돼지보다 높았다(p<0.05). C16:1n7, C18:1n7, UFA/SFA 비율은 멧돼지가 가장 높았으며(p<0.05), C18:0, C20:1n9는 멧돼지가 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). C20:4 n6은 멧돼지가 개량종 돼지보다 높았고(p<0.05), C22:4n6은 재래흑돼지가 가장 높았으며(p<0.05), C22:5n3은 멧돼지가 재래흑돼지보다 높았다(p<0.05). PUFA n6/n3 비율은 개량종 돼지가 가장 낮았으며(p<0.05), 멧돼지가 재래흑돼지보다 낮았다(p<0.05). 전자코의 PCA에 의한 향기패턴은 신선육에서 품종에 따른 차이가 명확히 나타났으며, 가열육에서는 멧돼지 및 재래흑돼지, 개량종 돼지간에 차이가 나타났다. 따라서 재래흑돼지가 가장 높은 근내 지방 함량 및 가장 낮은 MUFA/SFA 비율을 가졌고, 멧돼지가 가장 높은 UFA/SFA 비율을 가졌으며, 개량종 돼지가 가장 낮은 PUFA n6/n3 비율을 가졌다. 또한 전자코에 의해 돼지 품종에 따른 돈육의 향기 패턴 차이를 효과적으로 분별할 수 있었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.679-688
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• 2016

The aim of this research was to evaluate: 1) the fatty acid profile of ten muscles from high marbled (HM, quality grade 1⁺⁺) and low marbled (LM, quality grade 2) Hanwoo carcass, 2) the relationship between the fatty acid profile and sensory traits. There were significant (p<0.001) differences in fat content and fatty acid composition among the 10 muscles obtained from HM and LM Hanwoo steers. The proportions of SFA (saturated fatty acid), MUFA (monounsaturated fatty acid) and PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acid) were significantly (p<0.001) different among the 10 muscles due to differences in all fatty acids except eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3). The high-fat muscles had a lower n-6/n-3 ratio compared to the low-fat muscles (p<0.001). LM muscles had a significantly (p<0.05) higher proportion of SFA than HM muscles due to a higher proportion of stearic acid (C18:0). On the contrary, HM muscles had a significantly (p<0.01) higher proportion of MUFA than LM muscles due to higher oleic acid (C18:1n-9) proportion. SFA had a significant correlation with CIE a* (r=0.281; p<0.01) and drip loss (%) (r=−0.233; p<0.001). Cooking loss (%) had a significantly (p<0.05) negative correlation with PUFA (r=−0.233; p<0.05). Overall palatability was positively correlated with SFA (r=0.262; p<0.01), but negatively correlated with PUFA (r=−0.567; p<0.001). There was no significant correlation between oleic acid and any of the sensory traits (p>0.05).

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.418-425
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• 1991

S-D계 흰쥐에 중성지방 혈증 유발을 위해 12% 야자종실유와, 시험유지로서 올리브유, 돈지(豚脂), 어유, 들깨유, 옥수수유, 고추종자유 및 달맞이꽃종자유를 각각 3%씩 급여하여 4주간 사육한 후 간장 및 뇌지질의 지방산 조성을 분석 검토한 바, 간장 인지질의 지방산 조성은 SFA의 함량이 많고 MUFA는 적었으며, 중성지질에서는 MUFA의 함량이 SFA보다 약간 많은 편이었고 콜레스테롤 에스테르는 SFA 함량은 적고 MUFA는 월등히 많았다. 각 획분 모두 PUFA의 함량은 적었으며 PUFA중 $C_{18:2}(n-6)$의 함량이 가장 많았다. n-3계 PUFA는 어유 및 들깨유 급여군에 비교적 많은 반면 n-6계 PUFA는 옥수수유, 고추종자유 및 달맞이꽃종자유 급여군에 많았다. 뇌인지질의 지방산 조성에서 SFA의 함량은 적은 반면 PUFA의 함량이 현저히 많았으며, n-3계 PUFA로서는 $C_{20:5}와\;C_{22:6}$이 n-6계 PUFA로서는 $C_{18:2}$가 주요 지방산을 이루고 있었다.

• 환경생물
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2021

이 연구의 목적은 농업생태계에 존재하는 작고 파편화된 숲과 인근 산림생태계 내 연속된 숲에 서식하는 대형나방의 종 다양성과 종구성의 차이를 알아보는데 있다. 전남 서남부 8개 지역에서 2018과 2019년 6월과 8월 자외선 등 트랩을 이용하여 대형나방을 채집, 분석한 결과 두 숲 유형 간 뚜렷한 차이를 보였으며 두 그룹 간 종 수, 개체수, 종다양성 지수(H') 모두 산림생태계 숲이 농업생태계 숲보다 더 높게 나타났다. 유사도지수를 이용하여 나방 군집간 차이를 알아본 결과 농업생태계 숲에서 베타다양성이 높음을 확인하였다. 또한 종 구성의 변화율(Turnover)과 내포성(Nestedness)을 따로 나누어 분석한 결과 산림생태계는 종 구성 변화율이 큰 반면 농업생태계는 내포성이 비교적 크게 나타나 서식지 유형에 따라 나방 군집 구성의 차이가 다른 것을 확인할 수 있었다.