• Molecules and Cells
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.372-377
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• 2007

The orphan nuclear receptor, SF-1, plays a pivotal role in the development and differentiation of the endocrine and reproductive systems, and also regulates the transcription of a host of genes, including those encoding several steroidogenic enzymes and gonadotropins. We found that a previously unidentified repressor, EID-1, is an SF-1-interacting protein that inhibits the transactivation of SF-1. A transient transfection assay revealed that EID-1 inhibits SF-1, but not LRH-1, $ERR{\gamma}$, or mCAR. Using the yeast two hybrid and GST pull-down assays, we determined that EID-1 interacted strongly with SF-1. In addition, it colocalized with SF-1 in mammalian cells and interacted specifically with the AF-2 domain of SF-1, competing with SRC-1 to inhibit SF-1 transactivation. EID-1 is expressed in the mouse testis, and its expression decreases during testis development. The results of the present study suggest that EID-1 can act as a repressor, regulating the function of SF-1.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.727-733
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• 2015

Although Sophorae Flos (SF) has been reported to exert an anti-cancer activity, molecular targets and mechanisms associated with anti-cancer activity of SF have been unclear. Because cyclin D1 has been regarded as an important regulator in the cell proliferation, we focused cyclin D1 and investigated the effect of SF on the cyclin D1 regulation in light of elucidating the molecular mechanism for SF’s anti-cancer activity. The treatment of SF decreased cellular accumulation of cyclin D1 protein. However, SF did not change the level of cyclin D1 mRNA. Inhibition of proteasomal degradation by MG132 attenuated SF-mediated cyclin D1 downregulation and the half-life of cyclin D1 was decreased in the cells treated with SF. In addition, a point mutation of threonine-286 to alanine attenuated SF-mediated cyclin D1 downregulation. Inhibition of ERK1/2 by a selective inhibitor, PD98059 suppressed cyclin D1 downregulation by SF. From these results, we suggest that SF-mediated cyclin D1 downregulation may result from proteasomal degradation through its threonine-286 phosphorylation via ERK1/2. SF-induced proteasomal degradation of cyclin D1 might inhibit proliferation in human colorectal cancer cells. The current study provides information on molecular events for an anti-cancer activity of SF

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.866-871
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• 2002

An experiment was conducted at the experimental duck farm of Cantho University to determine the effects of feeding duckweed (Lemna minor) that replaced commercial protein supplements in diets for local and Cherry Valley breeding ducks. The experiment included a total of 180 ducks, with five treatments and three replicates and six breeding ducks (one male plus five females together) per replicate, for both local and exotic Cherry Valley ducks. The five diets were fed ad libitum and were based on rice byproducts supplemented with roasted soya bean meal plus dried fishmeal at levels of 100% (SF100, control), 75 (SF75), 50 (SF50), 25 (SF25) or zero (SF0) % of the protein in the control diet, corresponding to 18, 15, 13, 10 and 8% CP in the diets for both breeds, respectively. Fresh duckweed was supplied ad libitum for all treatments. These diets were fed to local breeding ducks from 7 to 12 months of age, and to exotic breeding ducks (Cherry Valley) from 8 to 13 months of age. Total mean daily dry matter (DM) intakes were 183, 178, 176, 177 and 174 g (p<0.05) for the local ducks, and 221, 208, 215, 219 and 210 g (p<0.01) for the exotic ducks for the SF100 (control), SF75, SF50, SF25 and SF0 diets, respectively. Laying rates of the local ducks were 66.5, 65.2, 62.9, 63.1 and 62.3%, and of the Cherry Valley ducks 61.9, 58.4, 58.9, 59.1 and 53.5% (p<0.001) for the control (SF100), SF75, SF50, SF25 and SF0 treatments, respectively. Fertile egg rates were 95.6, 95.6, 97.8, 97.8 and 92.2%, and hatchabilities 89.4, 80.6, 87.2, 88.6 and 77.8% (p<0.05) for the local breed, and 97.8, 97.8, 91.1, 92.2 and 90.0% (p<0.05) and 72.8, 74.7, 75.0, 74.3 and 76.7% for the Cherry Valley ducks for diets SF100, SF75, SF50, SF25 and SF0, respectively. Corresponding feed conversion ratios (dry matter basis) were 3.83, 3.82, 3.89, 4.01 and 3.96 kg feed per kg egg mass for the local ducks and 4.52, 4.56, 4.58, 4.73 and 5.02 kg feed per kg egg mass for the Cherry Valley ducks for the SF100, SF75, SF50, SF25 and SF0 treatments, respectively. Replacement of 100% of the protein supplement by fresh duckweed in the diets of the local laying ducks decreased the feed costs by 25% compared to the control diet.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.72-76
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• 2012

$SF_6$ has an extremely high global worming potential (GWP). Therefore, there has been an effort to reduce the use of $SF_6$ and its emission into atmosphere. One possible solution for minimizing the use of $SF_6$ in electrical equipments is utilization of gas mixtures such as $SF_6/N_2$. The $SF_6$ concentration in the gas mixture varies from 10 to 60%. However, when the apparatus is repaired or dismantled, we have to recover $SF_6$ from the gas mixture. Since the boiling point of $SF_6$is low (${\sim}-60^{\circ}C$), the liquefaction method is difficult to apply. One possible alternative is the membrane separation technology. In this study, we investigated the $SF_6$ and $N_2$ permeation properties of 5 polymeric membranes. For example, permeability of $N_2$ in BOPP membrane at $25^{\circ}C$was 0.19 barrer, whereas that of $SF_6$ was only 0.0012 barrer, resulting in the selectivity of 158. An upper bound for $SF_6/N_2$ gas pair was suggested for the first time with n = -1.33 and k = 160 (barrer).

• BMB Reports
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.127-128
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• 2015

Tumor metastasis involves circulating and tumor-initiating capacities of metastatic cancer cells. Hepatic TM4SF5 promotes EMT for malignant growth and migration. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biomarkers remain unexplored for metastatic potential throughout metastasis. Here, novel TM4SF5/CD44 interaction-mediated self-renewal and circulating tumor cell (CTC) capacities were mechanistically explored. TM4SF5-dependent sphere growth was correlated with $CD133^+$, $CD24^-$, ALDH activity, and a physical association between CD44 and TM4SF5. The TM4SF5/CD44 interaction activated c-Src/STAT3/ Twist1/ B mi1 signaling for spheroid formation, while disturbing the interaction, expression, or activity of any component in this signaling pathway inhibited spheroid formation. In serial xenografts of less than 5,000 cells/injection, TM4SF5-positive tumors exhibited locally-increased CD44 expression, suggesting tumor cell differentiation. TM4SF5-positive cells were identified circulating in blood 4 to 6 weeks after orthotopic liver-injection. Anti-TM4SF reagents blocked their metastasis to distal intestinal organs. Altogether, our results provide evidence that TM4SF5 promotes self-renewal and CTC properties supported by $CD133^+/TM4SF5^+/CD44^+^{(TM4SF5-bound)}/ALDH^+/CD24^-$ markers during HCC metastasis.

• Atmosphere
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.225-235
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• 2008

Sulfur hexafluoride ($SF_6$), man-made compound, has been paid attention as a potent greenhouse gas. After Kyoto Pototcol on Climate Change in 1997, nations established the policy aimed at minimizing release of $SF_6$ to atmosphere. We have developed and operated an automatic analytical system for monitoring atmospheric $SF_6$ using gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and packed separate-column. Here, we report and discuss 4-month record of atmospheric $SF_6$ concentrations monitored at Seoul National University (SNU) pilot station near the Kwanak Mountain, Seoul. Most of observed $SF_6$ concentrations were excessively high compared with Northern Hemisphere (NH) background trend obtained from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) monitoring stations. And the observed $SF_6$ showed extremely wide variability ranging from 4.6 pptv to $1.1{\times}10^3$ pptv, which may be affected by local sources placed nearby. Simultaneous wind data with $SF_6$ measurements show that relatively high values of $SF_6$ correspond to weak wind as well as southerly. There are many engineering installations to the south of the station. The regional value of the atmospheric $SF_6$ estimated from the data selection by wind conditions is about 6.8 pptv. This value, which is similar to concentrations of urban areas, is higher than NH background concentration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.05e
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• pp.96-99
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• 2003

In this dissertation the results of the combined experimental and theoretical studies designed to understand and predict the spatial growth and transport coefficients for electrons in $SF_6$ and $SF_6$-Ar mixtures have described. The transport coefficients for electrons in (0.1[%])$SF_6$-Ar, (0.5[%])$SF_6$-Ar, (1.0[%])$SF_6$-Ar, (3.0[%])$SF_6$-Ar and (5.0[%])$SF_6$-Ar mixtures were measured by time-of-flight method, and the electron energy distribution function and the parameters of the velocity and the diffusion were determined by the variation of the collision cross-sections with energy.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07c
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• pp.2202-2204
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• 2005

In this dissertation the results of the combined experimental and theoretical studies designed to understand and predict the spatial growth and transport coefficients for electrons in $SF_6$ and $SF_6-Ar$ mixtures have described. The transport coefficients for electrons in (0.1[%]) $SF_6-Ar$, (0.5[%])$SF_6-Ar$,(1.0[%])$SF_6-Ar$,(3.0[%])$SF_6-Ar$ and(5.0[%]) $SF_6-Ar$ mixtures were measured by time-of- flight method, and the electron energy distribution function and the parameters of the velocity and the diffusion were determined by the variation of the collision cross-sections with energy.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.1494-1495
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• 2007

In this dissertation the results of the combined experimental and theoretical studies designed to understand and predict the spatial growth and transport coefficients for electrons in $SF_6$ and $SF_6$-Ar mixtures have described. The transport coefficients for electrons in (0.1[%])$SF_6$-Ar, (0.5[%])$SF_6$-Ar, (1.0[%])$SF_6$-Ar, (3.0[%])$SF_6$-Ar and (5.0[%])$SF_6$-Ar mixtures were measured by time-of-flight method, and the electron energy distribution function and the parameters of the velocity and the diffusion were determined by the variation of the collision cross-sections with energy.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2022

Because sulfur hexafluoride(SF₆) is classified as one of the six major greenhouse gases, SF₆ handling in power plant such as recovery, purification, and reuse is considered to be important. KEPCO has focused to develop the advanced recovery and purification technology of SF₆ reuse. SF₆ analysis includes the on-site analyses and on-line analyzer; i.e., (1) on-site analysis has an error rate of ±0.5% and (2) on-line analysis has an error rate of ±0.1%, which is possible to adjust operating conditions and to make the work more conveniently by analyzing SF₆ concentration before and after purification step. This paper presents an online analysis method in the SF₆ purification and reuse system. In addition, the analysis results and quality guarantees for each section of the analysis system were presented.