• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2020

Objective : The current study investigated the effectiveness of group motor activity programs on motor function and perceived self-efficacy of children in the community children's center. Methods : Nine children aged six to nine years participated in this study. We applied the group motor activity program for 7 sessions. Before and after the intervention, children's motor function and self-efficacy were assessed using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition, Short Form (BOT-2 SF) and the Perceived Efficacy and Goal Setting, Second Edition (PEGS-2), respectively. Results : The group motor activity program enhanced the motor function and self-efficacy of children. Conclusion : This study showed that the group motor activity program was effective for increasing the objective motor function and the subjective self-efficacy of children in the children's community centers. The result suggests that programs using activities in the community centers can facilitate children's self-development.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.509-516
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• 2024

We rethink human existence as a assemblage through intersectionality by comparing autopoiesis and sympoiesis systems with reference to science fiction protagonists such as Ghost in the Shell, Neuralink, Camille, a genetic hybrid, and San Ti against the background of neo-materialism. Our findings reveal that, first, radical sympoiesis is characterized by the dissolution of individuals and boundaries, and attempt to explain existence solely through heterogeneous linkage and fusion; second, by ignoring the capacity for autonomous thinking at the individual level, they are unable to fully recognize the destructive nature of hybrid co-production or to develop practical responses to it. Third, we suggest that if the very survival of humanity is threatened by heterogeneous linkage, we should pay more attention to our identity as autonomous members of a autopoietic system rather than to heterogeneous sympoietic networks and we should also pay attention to the role of individual units in stabilizing self-regulation. Through this study, we aimed to contribute to overcoming the limitations of neo-materialism by arguing that it is likely to fail to provide an adequate practical vision if it is limited to describing the hybrid connections that recur through the intersection of beings, and by urging us to define the identity of the human species from a new perspective by utilizing various SF stories that trigger the imagination of destructive interactions between beings, and to explore the autopoiesis in terms of symbiotic interactions based on a certain level of boundary and self-regulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.405-405
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• 2010

Thermocouple 을 통해 Inductively coupled plasma 에 노출된 실리콘 기판 표면온도를 공정조건 변화 에 따라 실시간 (in-situ) 측정하였다. 이를 바탕으로 공정변화에 따른 플라즈마 내 활성종의 거동을 연구하였다. 더 나아가 기판의 표면온도변화 및 활성종의 거동해석을 토대로 공정변화에 의한 딥 실리콘 구조형성 메커니즘을 해석하였다. 플라즈마에 노출된 기판표면 온도를 상승시키는 주 활성종은 positive ion 이며 ICP power, Bias power, 플라즈마 압력 변화에 따라 positive ion 의 밀도 및 가속에너지가 변화하는데 이러한 거동변화는 기판의 표면온도를 변화시킴을 알 수 있었다. 딥 실리콘 구조의 측벽 및 바닥에 형성되어 있는 passivaiton layer 즉 $SiO_xF_y$(silicon oxyflouride) 는 온도에 매우 민감한 물질이며 이는 딥 실리콘 구조 내부로 입사하는 positive ion 거동변화에 따라 그 성질이 변화하여 deep Si 구조 형상을 변화시킴을 알 수 있었다. 기판표면 온도가 $0^{\circ}C$ 이하의 극저온으로 유지된 상황에서 플라즈마를 방전할 경우 positive ions 의 가속에너지로 인해 기판표면온도가 상승하며 액화질소 유량증가를 통해 다시 기판의 표면온도를 유지시킬 수 있었다. 이를 통해 플라즈마 방전 전과 방전 후의 기판 표면온도는 상온의 기판뿐만 아니라 극저온의 기판에서도 다름을 알 수 있었다. 냉각환경 변화에 따른 딥 실리콘 구조형성 메커니즘을 positive ions 거동 그리고 온도 감소에 의한 $SiO_xF_y$ 성질 변화를 이용해 해석할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2002

We developed engineering methods to control gas flow in a plasma reactor in order to achieve good etch depth uniformity for large area GaAs etching. Finite difference numerical method was found quite useful for simulation of gas flow distribution in the reactor for dry etching of GaAs. The experimental results in $BCl_3/N_2/SF_6/He$ ICP plasmas confirmed that the simulated data fitted very well with real data. It is noticed that a focus ring could help improve both gas flow and etch uniformity for 150 mm diameter GaAs plasma etch processing. The simulation results showed that optimization of clamp configuration could decrease gas flow uniformity as low as $\pm$ 1.5% on an 100 mm(4 inch) GaAs wafer and $\pm$ 3% for a 150 m(6 inch) wafer with the fixed reactor and electrode, respectively. Comparison between simulated gas flow uniformity and real etch depth distribution data concluded that control of gas flow distribution in the chamber would be significantly important in order or achieve excellent dry etch uniformity of large area GaAs wafers.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.308-320
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• 2021

Conventional image quality studies have been focused on 'naturalness' and has relied on memory color. Memory colors are mainly formed for familiar objects with prior experience, and the more faithfully these memories are reflected, the more naturalness of the reproduced image quality increases. In particular, the brightness and saturation of memory colors play an important role in increasing the preference of image quality as well as naturalness. Therefore, in the case of existing image quality studies, image quality characteristics were studied focusing on natural objects and people with memory. We extracted representative images of each genre (sports, documentaries, news, entertainment and music, and movies), adjusted the brightness, contrast, and saturation of each image, and conducted an experiment to evaluate perceived quality. Based on situational context, the results of this classification indicated that genres of television content can be divided into two categories: proximate and indirect experiences. Proximate experience best characterizes outdoor sports, dramas, and nature documentaries, where their image qualities have shown to have a strong correlation with brightness and contrast. On the other hand, indirect experience best characterizes news, music shows and SF/action movies. The image quality perception for indirect experiences was shown to be closely related to and optimized by contrast and saturation.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.2
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• pp.75-100
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• 2000

Das Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, dass wir aile seit Lakoff(1965) als inchoative Verben angenommenen Konstruktionen aus Adjektiv + werden bzw. die dazu synonymen Verben nicht mehr unter eine Kategorie 'Inchoativ' subsumieren, und diese Konstruktionen mutatives(werden + dick), ingressives(werden + krank) und duratives Verb(werden + dicker) untergliedern, und $schlie{\ss}lich$ auf Grund dieser Analyse Vendlers 4 Situationstypen Zustand, Prozess, Accomplishmen und Achievement noch deutlicher spezifizieren. Mutative Verben sind rechtsbegrenzte Prozessverben, ingressive Verben linksbegrenzte Zustandsverben, und durative Verben nichtbegrenzte Prozessverben. In mutativen und durativen Verben wird der Vorgang als Kontinuum aufgefasst, und in ingressiven Verben wird der Vorgang als diskontinuierliche Aufeinanderfolge zweler $Zust\"{a}nde.\;\"{U}brigens$ haben mutative Verben obligatolisch Prozesscharakter und der Prozess bewirkt $Zustandsver\"{a}nderung$. Ingressive Verben haben nicht $prim\"{a}r$ Prozesscharakter, und $m\"{o}glicher$ Prozess $verl\"{a}uft$ innerhalb emes Zustandes. Es gibt also $gen\"{u}gend$ Motivation $daf\"{u}r$, werden bei allen drei Klassen in einheitlicher Weise zu beschreiben. Nach $g\"{a}ngiger$ Auffassung ist die Semantische Form(SF) von werden vom semantisch unmarkierten sein durch das telische $Pt\"{a}dikat\;_{BECOME}$ unterschieden. In diesem Aufsatz $ersetzt_{CHANGE}\;das\;Pradikat\;_{BECOME;}$ die Bedeutung von $von\;_{BECOME}$ ist eine der $m\"{o}glichen kontextabh\"{a}ngigen$ semantischen Anreicherungen $von\;_{CHANGE.\;CHANGE}$ ist unterbestimmt $bez\"{u}glich\;Telizit\"{a}t$ und Prozesshaftigkeit. $_{CHANGE}[P(X)]$ ist die Basis­bedeutungskomponente von werden in allen adjektivischen werden­Konstruktionen. Mit Hilfe von $Pr\"{a}dikaten\;_{CHANGE,\;TARG},\;und\;_{ATOM}$ bekommen wir die Beschreibung von $Markiertheitsverh\"{a}Itnissen$ zwischen den Situations­typen, die mit nur zwei semantischen Klassifizierungskomponenten(${\pm}Prozess,\;{\pm}Become$) nicht darzustellen sind. Veranderungssituationen sind $Nicht-Zust\"{a}nde$, markiert durch das $Pt\"{a}dikat\;_{CHANGE}.\;Ver\"{a}nderungs­situationen$ mit einem Ziel(TARG) sind Ereignisse. Eine Veranderung ohne Begrenzung ist ein Prozess. Achievements sind $atomare(_{ATOM})\;Ereignisse(_{TARG})$. Accomplishments sind durch TARG hinreichend charakterisiert, d.h. eine $zielbezogene(_{TARG})$ Veranderung, die nicht als $atomar(_{-ATOM})$ gekennzeichnet ist, ist ein Accomplishment.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.271-278
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose a content-based audio genre classification algorithm that automatically classifies the query audio into five genres such as Classic, Hiphop, Jazz, Rock, Speech using digital sign processing approach. From the 20 seconds query audio file, the audio signal is segmented into 23ms frame with non-overlapped hamming window and 54 dimensional feature vectors, including Spectral Centroid, Rolloff, Flux, LPC, MFCC, is extracted from each query audio. For the classification algorithm, k-NN, Gaussian, GMM classifier is used. In order to choose optimum features from the 54 dimension feature vectors, SFS(Sequential Forward Selection) method is applied to draw 10 dimension optimum features and these are used for the genre classification algorithm. From the experimental result, we can verify the superior performance of the proposed method that provides near 90% success rate for the genre classification which means 10%∼20% improvements over the previous methods. For the case of actual user system environment, feature vector is extracted from the random interval of the query audio and it shows overall 80% success rate except extreme cases of beginning and ending portion of the query audio file.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.35-36
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• 2009

지속가능 에너지원인 원자력은 또한 글로벌 에너지원의 특성을 갖추고 있다 핵연료는 원자로에 장전되는 신규 핵연료를 구성하고 있는 우라늄 채광 단계에서부터 연소 후에 발생하는 사용후 핵연료 (SNF 또는 SF) 관리 단계에 이르는 전과정에 걸쳐 핵연료 사이클로 파악되고 있다. 이러한 전과정 관점에서 볼 때, 핵연료 사이클에 관여하는 이해관계자는 자국뿐만 아니라 다국가 (multination)를 포함하고 있다. 특히, 후행 핵연료 사이클인 사용후 핵연료의 저장, 처리, 처분 단계에서는 다국가 시나리오를 배제하지 않는 사용후 핵연료 관리 전략의 도입이 고려될 수 있다. 여기서 다국가는 접경 국가, 인접 국가, 핵연료 공급 국가, 재처리 제공 국가, 재처리 위탁 국가, SNF 통과 허용 국가, SNF 저장 부지 제공 국가, SNF 향후 이용 국가 등이 될 수 있다 [김성호 2006]. 현재 우리나라에서는 여러 국가로부터 수입되고 있는 신규 핵연료 물질을 연소시켜 나온 사용후 핵연료를 부지내에 임시 저장하고 있다. 사용후 핵연료 발생량의 추산에 따르면, 2016년쯤에 현재 임시저장 용량이 포화될 예정이다 이러한 상황에서 다국가 시나리오를 포함한 관리 전략은 다국가 시나리오를 배제한 관리 전략과 다각적인 측면 에서 비교 검토될 필요성이 있다. 사용후 핵연료의 영구 처분장 부지 확보를 해결하기 위한 선행 단계로 공론화 단계가 지금 준비되고 있다. 예컨대, 단기 공론화 관리 방안의 하나로 비록 소극적인 입장이지만 타국 위탁 재처리 방식이 고려되고 있다 [KRS 2009] 이 연구에서는 단기적인 사용후 핵연료 관리 전략으로 여러 가지 다국가 수준의 저장, 처리, 처분 방식으로 바탕으로 다국가 시나리오들을 제안하려고 한다. 이들 다국가 시나리오를 포함한 관리 전략은 현재 다국가 시나리오를 배제한 국내 사용후 핵연료 처분장 부지 선정이 정치적/사회적 수용성 문제로 어려운 상황에 처할 경우에 해결책을 찾는 데에 기여하리라 본다. 또한, 부지 선정 단계에서 바라지 않는 난항이 나타나는 경우에 국가 차원의 한 대비책으로 다음을 제안한다: 한편으로는 자국 저장 시설이 추진되면서, 다른 편으로는 타국 저장 부지를 확보하는 전략이 검토되어야 한다. 이러한 이중 노선 (dual track) 전략은 여러 유럽 국가에서 이미 고려되고 있는 방안이다 [Greenpeace 2005] 다양한 다국성 정도 (a degree of multinationality) 의 저장, 처리, 처분 방식을 연결하는 가능한 다국가 시나리오 구조가 Fig.1에 제시되어 있다. 다국가 시나리오를 구성하는 기본 요소는 다음과 같다’ 1) 자국 임시 저장; 2) 자국 재처리; 3) 자국 중간 저장; 4) 자국 영구 처분; 5) 다국가 중간 저장; 6) 다국가 재처리; 7 ) 다국가 영구 처분. 이들 기본 요소들을 다국성 정도에 따라 결합하면 다양한 다국가 시나리오들이 얻어진다. 이들을 포함한 SNF 관리 전략은 크게는 1) 다국가 재처리 전략， 2) 다국가 저장 및 재처리 전략， 또는 3) 다국가 처분 전략 등으로 분류될 수 있다.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 2018

The Korean government attempts to reduce $CO_2$ emissions by 37% to 314.7 Mt $CO_2$, down from the estimated 850.6 Mt $CO_2$ until 2030 in order to confront green house effect. In this context, in 2014, Korean government launched $CO_2$ Storage Environmental Management Research (K-COSEM) Center for carrying out pilot-scale research on $CO_2$ leakage from underground $CO_2$ storage facilities. For the detection of $CO_2$ leakage, it is necessary to identify hydrologeological and geophysical characteristics of the subject area. In the study site of Naesan-ri, Daeso-myeon, Eumseong-gun, Chungbuk Province, two times injection tests (June 28-July 24, 2017 and August 07-September 11, 2017) of $CO_2$ and $SF_6$ dissolved waters, respectively, was conducted to understand the leakage behavior of $CO_2$ from underground. The injection well was drilled to a depth of 24 m with a 21-m casing and screen interval of 21~24 m depth. Two times resistivity surveys on August 18, 2017 and September 1, 2017, were conducted for revealing the flow of the injected water as well as the electrical properties of the study site. The study results have shown that the high-resistivity zone and the low-resistivity zone are clearly contrasted with each other and the flow direction of the injected water is similar to natural groundwater flow. Besides, the low resistivity zone is widely formed from the depth of injection to the shallow topsoil, indicating that the weathered zone of high permeability has high $CO_2$ leakage potential.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.243-251
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• 2015

Nuclear power is currently the second largest power supply method in Korea and the number of nuclear power plants are planned to be increased as well. However, clear management policy for spent fuels generated from nuclear power plants has not yet been established. The back-end fuel cycle, associated with nuclear material flow after nuclear reactors is a collection of technologies designed for the spent fuel management and the spent fuel management policy is closely related with the selection of a nuclear fuel cycle. Cost is an important consideration in selection of a nuclear fuel cycle and should be determined by adding external cost to private cost. Unlike the private cost, which is a direct cost, studies on the external cost are focused on nuclear reactors and not at the nuclear fuel cycle. In this research, external cost indicators applicable to nuclear fuel cycle were derived and quantified. OT (once through), DUPIC (Direct Use of PWR SF in CANDU), PWR-MOX (PWR PUREX reprocessing), and Pyro-SFR (SFR recycling with pyroprocessing) were selected as nuclear fuel cycles which could be considered for estimating external cost in Korea. Energy supply security cost, accident risk cost, and acceptance cost were defined as external cost according to precedent and estimated after analyzing approaches which have been adopted for estimating external costs on nuclear power generation.