• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.154-158
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• 2023

The Asiatic black bear, Ursus thibetanus, is among the most threatened or endangered species in Asia. For its conservation and management, sex identification of U. thibetanus using non-invasive samples (e.g., hair and/or feces) is potentially valuable. In this study, a non-invasive molecular method for sex identification of U. thibetanus samples collected from various countries was first utilized, and it was based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the amelogenin gene via PCRs. Thirty-three bear DNA samples, extracted not only from blood (n=9) but also from hair (n=18) and feces (n=6), were used. We performed sex-specific PCR amplifications of the amelogenin gene using a primer set, SE47 and SE48. The primer set could successfully amplify a single X-specific band for females and both X- and Y-specific bands for males from all blood (100%) and hair (100%) samples. In addition, the primer set could distinguish the sex of bears in four out of a total of six fecal samples (approximately 67%). This study's findings suggest that this molecular method can be applied to sex identification of Asiatic black bears from various Asian regions using non-invasive samples, such as hair and feces.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.137-155
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of sex education on knowledge and attitude related to sex. The subjects were taken from by 199 students in 3 classes from 1st grade in H girl's junior high school as the study group, and 2 classes from 1st grade in S girl's junior high school as control group. During the survey period(September 21, 1998 to September 30, 1998), 6 times in terms of one-hour class for sex education were taught to the study group. A pre-test was executed on September 19, 1998 and the post-test on September 30. The findings were as follows. 1. According to the research, 20.1％ of the subjects have experienced sex education from parents and 89.9％ from teacher. They have mostly obtained the sex-related information from teachers(59.8％), following movie, radio, TV, or video tape(40.7％), friends(35.2％), reading materials such as books, cartoons, news papers and magazines(31.7％), parents(15.6％), siblings(7.0％), PC(1.5％) and telephone service(1.5％). 2. 27.1％ of the subjects reported that they had sex-related worry concerning from friendship with the opposite sex, following physiological phenomenon(31.5％), sex violence(11.1％), physical characteristics(7.4％), VD and contraception(5.6％), sexual impulse(5.6％), pregnancy and delivery(5.5％), and sexual behaviour(3.7％). The research showed that the adolescents usually solved their problems through the consultation with theifriends(44.4％). However, 16.7％ of the subjects were turned out not to request any solution. The other minor routes to settle their problems were written materials such as books, magazines(13.0％), parents(13.0％), movie, radio, TV, or video tape(5.5％), acquainted female elders(3.7％) and teachers(3.7％). 3. The most interesting part regarding sex was the friendship with the opposite sex(61.8％), following adolescent's emotion(55.8％), physiological differences between two genders(52.8％), AIDS(48.7％), VD(46.7％), pregnancy(45.2％), contraception(45.2％), abortion(41.7％), intercourse(41.7％), masturbation(41.2％), sex violence(41.2％) and genital structure and secondary sexual characteristics(28.6％). 4. In regard to characteristics of the subjects influencing sex-related knowledge, the higher educational career of mother, living with at least either parent and the experience of sex education by teachers were statistically significant factors(p〈0.05). 5. In regard to characteristics of the subjects influencing attitudes toward sex, the experience of sex education by parents or teachers was a statistically significant factor(p〈0.05). 6. The analysis of knowledge score comparing results before and after sex education showed that control group's score decreased from 12.5 to 12.44 while the study group's score increased from 12.33 to 21.31, which was statistically significant(p〈0.001). 7. The analysis of the attitude scores before and after sex education showed that the control group's score slightly increased from 55.57 to 56.36, while the study group's score increased from 54.79 to 61.95, which was statistically significant(p〈0.001). 8. The level of sex-related concerns of the study group after sex education marked both the increase in some items and the decrease in others. 9. Most instructive session among the sex education was the third “to be a good friend to the opposite sex”(27.0％).

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.118-129
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine how effective the existing sex education programs and letter to parents from school were for their know ledge and attitudes towards sex of the middle school students. Methods: Subjects were selected from first grade students in a middle school from May 30 through July 19, 2005. The subjects were divided into three groups of 70 students each, two experiment groups and one control group. The study was conducted by nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The information letter from school to parents was made into four editions on double-sided A4 size paper and was handed out to students during weekly meeting. Both the students and their parents were required to read it and the parents were told to sign the papers. The sex education program applied in this study was recomposed based on the programs which were previously made by Sun Hee Park(2004) and Eun Ja Jung(2000). Content provided in the sex education program is identical to the one's in the information letter to parents. Experimental group 1 was required to read the four information letters to parents for two weeks, together with their parents. Group 2 experienced the sex education program four times in two weeks of time. The above two experimental groups and the control group were assessed on their knowledge and attitude towards sex twice, before and after the experiment. Results: There were significant differences in sexual knowledge about sex between the three subject groups and such data supports the first hypothesis. There was significant difference in attitude towards sex between the three subject groups and such data support the second hypothesis. Conclusion: According to the experiment results, both the information letter to parents and programs about sex education were effective for the middle school students. Yet, teaching students with the program format was more successful than handout formats. However, using information letters to parents to educate students does not waste any school hours, so if school nurses can provide the students more papers, the educational effect will be greater.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.67-77
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• 1987

The purposes of this study were to investigate the relationship between mothers and daughters in sex-role identity and yin-yang clothing behavior as well as the relationship between sex-role indentity and yin-yang clothing behavior Sex-role identy was measured by Bem Sex-Role Inventory (1974) modified and supplemented for this study. For the measurement of yin-yang clothing behavior, researcher developed a questionnaire. Data were collected from 422 women, both college women and her mothers. For the statistical analysis, frequency, distribution, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Duncan's multiple range test, $x^2-test$, Pearson's correlation coefficients, analysis of covariance. multiple regression analysis were used. The results of this research can be summarized as follows: 1 There was significant difference in yin-yang clothing behavior according to home environmental variables such as family type, mother's employment. 2. There was not significant difference in mother's yin-yang clothing behavior according to mother's sex-role identity. But positive significant relationship was found between daughter's sex-role identity and daughter's yin-fang clothing behavior. 3. Mother's sex-role identity had influence on daughter's sex-role identity And mother's yin-yang clothing behavior had influence on daughter's yin-yang clothing behavior, too. 4. Mother's fin-yang clothing behavior and daughter's sex-role identity directly affected daughter's yin-yang clothing behavior, but mother's sex-role identity indirectly affected daughter's yin-yang clothing behavior.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.291-302
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• 2015

본 연구는 대학신입생의 자아존중감, 부모 및 또래 애착이 성태도에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 본 연구 대상자는 서울시 소재의 일개 대학교 신입생 428명으로, 구조화된 설문지로 조사하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN 20.0 프로그램을 이용하여 t-test와 ANOVA, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 회귀분석 결과, 쾌락적 성은 성별과 성경험, 부애착, 불안/양가 애착, 부도덕적 성관념은 성별, 성경험, 자아존중감, 안전애착, 성책임감은 성별, 안전애착, 도구적 성은 성별, 성경험, 모애착, 안전애착이 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 개방화되어가는 신입생을 대상으로 성에 대한 올바른 태도를 함양시키기 위해, 자아존중감과 부모 및 또래 애착 향상과 다각적 측면을 고려한 성교육 및 성상담 방법을 위한 전략과 프로그램 개발이 필요하다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.149-171
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• 1998

This study attempted to find out a way which is to establish a desirable value and social culture related to sexuality. This study examined student's value and preference about sex and at the same time resolving method to correct ill-rooted value of male preference in our social culture. This study subjects consisted of 409 male and female students of a college located in Incheon area. The study data collected from June 5th to June 11th. 1998. Survey technique was chosen to collect data and analized by SPSS/PC+, SAS program using statistical methods of frequency. percent. $X^ 2-test$ and t-test. The study results are as follows ; 1) Sex satisfaction score of male students was higher than female students and the difference was significant statistically (p<0.0001). 2) There was a difference between male and female student's thought that our socity's structure has a sex discrimination. But female students felt strongly unequality of sex in our socity. 3) $65.4\%$ of total students have a general knowledge about sex and female student's score was higher than male students. The high percent of students get into know sex through mass media $(32.6\%)$ and peer groups $(31.9\%)$. 4) Student's attitude to sex was different from male and female students. Male students have more liberal attitude about sex than female students. 5) $97.1\%$ of the total students believe that our socity has son preference. 6) $86.5\%$ of the total students thought that sex ratio disproportion resulted from male preference is worriable problems in our socity. But there was no significant difference between both sexes.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2000

The pattern of variations in cone sex ratio and pollen traits such as pollen number and size was examined for two years in populations of red pines In Korea. We evaluated; (1) the relationship between tree size and cone sex ratio, (2) the relationship between year and cone sex ratio, and (3) the relationship between cone sex ratio and pollen traits. Larger trees in height and circumference at breast height produced more male as well as female cones. However, cone sex ratio was independent of these plant sizes. Across the two populations, both female cone numbers per tree and male cone numbers per new shoot increased 2.2 and 1.2 times, respectively, in 1999 compared to 1998, while the yearly pattern of male cone-bearing shoots per tree differed significantly between populations. Thus, cone sex ratio varied significantly between years in one of the two populations. Pollen traits such as the number of pollen grains and diameter did not vary significantly among populations. Pollen diameter and grain numbers per male cone were significantly negatively correlated with the cone sex ratio in two populations and one population, respectively. Trees which stopped female cone production in the first year and those which produced female cones in both years differed in the cone sex ratio and pollen size in the second year. The long duration of one reproductive episode and the potential of masting in red pines emphasize the need to conduct long-term studies on the dynamics of cone production, cone sex ratio, and simultaneous changes in pollen traits in red pines.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.199-214
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• 2012

본 연구는 노년기 부부의 인구사회학적 특성에 따른 성역할 태도와 의사소통, 결혼만족도의 차이를 분석하고, 성역할 태도(성역할 인식, 성 능력 인식)와 의사소통(긴밀한 관계, 배타적관계, 소극적 관계) 및 결혼 만족도의 영향관계를 분석하였다. 설문조사는 경기도에 거주하는 60세 이상의 노년기 부부를 대상으로 2012년 6월 20일에서 7월 30일까지 실시하였고, 총 378부를 최종 분석에 사용하였다. 자료의 통계처리는 빈도분석, 신뢰도분석, 위계적 회귀분석, t-test 및 분산분석 등을 실시하였다. 연구결과에 의하면, 첫째, 인구사회학적 특성에 따라 성역할 태도, 의사소통 및 결혼 만족도에 부분적인 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 성역할 인식과 성능력 인식은 의사소통의 긴밀한 관계와 소극적 관계에 정(+)적 영향을 미친 반면, 성능력 인식은 배타적 관계에 부(-)적 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 성역할 인식과 긴밀한 관계는 결혼 만족도에 정(+)적 영향력을 보였으나, 배타적 관계와 소극적 관계는 결혼 만족도의 부(-)적 영향요인이었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.115-126
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Sex Role attitude and childrens clothing behavior for senior childhood years upon two regions-city of Wonju and Mokpo-The questionnaires were administered to 315 elementary school children in Mokpo and 268 in Wonju. This data was analyze ststistically using to pearson's correlation, ANOVA (one-way or two-way) and Multiple Classification Analyze. The major findings of this research can be summarize as followings: 1. There are significant relationships between the unisex clothing behavior and the sex role attitude subscales. Liberal attitude toward sex role were positively related to unisex clothing behavior for senior childhood years children. 2. There are significant positive correlationships between the attitude of solving problem and comfort, autonomy, linterest and management. 3. The Sex and Grade have significants effect on the sex role attitude in two regios. Girls exhibited higher liberal attitudes toward sex role than boys. 4. The Sex have significant effects on clothing behavior and Grade have partially significant effect on clothing behavior. 5. The equality of the sexes attitude is significant relationships among the sex role attitude subscales except attitude of solving problems. There are significant inter relationships between the family role, occupation role and play role among the sex role subscales. 6. There are significant positive correlations between the unisex clothing behavior and conformity. And significant negative correlations between comfort and the unisex clothing behavior. Comfort is related to autonomy and management. Management is related to auton-omy and interest. 7. There are significant differences in sex role attitude according to two regions.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.184-192
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 노인복지시설 종사자들을 대상으로 성 인식 수준에 따른 성 수용태도에 차이가 있는지와 성 인식 태도가 성 수용 태도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보기 위해 설계되었다. 이러한 연구를 통해 노인복지시설에서 노인들을 위한 성 관련 서비스를 실천하고 개입할 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 분석결과, 노인복지시설 종사자의 성 인식 수준에 따라 성 수용 태도는 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 즉, 성 인식 수준이 높은 집단이 낮은 집단과 보통집단에 비해 성 수용 태도가 유의미하게 더 개방적인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 성 인식은 성 수용 태도에 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 성 인식 수준이 민주적 일수록 성 수용 태도가 개방적인 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 연구결과에 따른 논의를 통해 노인복지시설 종사자를 위한 성 교육 프로그램 개발을 비롯한 사회복지실천을 위한 개입 방안을 제안하였다.