• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.2979-2982
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• 2016

Background: High dose ionizing radiation can induce ovarian cancer, but the effect of low dose radiation on the development of ovarian cancer has not been extensively studied. We evaluated the effect of low dose radiation and total background radiation, and the radiation delivered to the ovaries during the treatment of rectosigmoid cancer and breast cancer on ovarian cancer incidence. Materials and Methods: Background radiation measurements are from Assessment of Variations in Radiation Exposure in the United States, 2011. Ovarian cancer incidence data are from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) of ovarian cancer following breast cancer and rectosigmoid cancer are from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data. Obesity data by US state are from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mean ages of US state populations are from the United States Census Bureau. Results: We calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIR) from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data, which reveal that in 194,042 cases of breast cancer treated with beam radiation, there were 796 cases of ovarian cancer by 120+ months of treatment (0.41%); in 283, 875 cases of breast cancer not treated with radiation, there were 1,531 cases of ovarian cancer by 120+ months (0.54%). The difference in ovarian cancer incidence in the two groups was significant (p < 0.001, two tailed Fisher exact test). The small dose of scattered ovarian radiation (about 3.09 cGy) from beam radiation to the breast appears to have reduced the risk of ovarian cancer by 24%. In 13,099 cases of rectal or rectosigmoid junction cancer treated with beam radiation in the SEER data, there were 20 cases of ovarian cancer by 120+ months of treatment (0.15%). In 33,305 cases of rectal or rectosigmoid junction cancer not treated with radiation, there were 91 cases of ovarian cancer by 120+ months (0.27%). The difference in ovarian cancer incidence in the two groups was significant (p = 0.017, two tailed Fisher exact test). In other words, the beam radiation to rectum and rectosigmoid that also reached the ovaries reduced the risk of ovarian cancer by 44%. In addition, there was a significant inverse relationship between ovarian cancer in white women and radon background radiation (r = - 0.465. p = 0.002) and total background radiation (r = -0.456, p = 0.002). Because increasing age and obesity are risk factors for ovarian cancer, multivariate linear regression was performed. The inverse relationship between ovarian cancer incidence and radon background was significant (${\beta}=-0.463$, p = 0.002) but unrelated to age (${\beta}=-0.080$, p = 0.570) or obesity (${\beta}=-0.180$, p = 0.208). Conclusions: The reduction of ovarian cancer risk following low dose radiation may be the result of radiation hormesis. Hormesis is a favorable biological response to low toxin exposure. A pollutant or toxin demonstrating hormesis has the opposite effect in small doses as in large doses. In the case of radiation, large doses are carcinogenic. However, lower overall cancer rates are found in U.S. states with high impact radiation. Moreover, there is reduced lung cancer incidence in high radiation background US states where nuclear weapons testing was done. Women at increased risk of ovarian cancer have two choices. They may be closely followed (surveillance) or undergo immediate prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. However, the efficacy of surveillance is questionable. Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is considered preferable, although it carries the risk of surgical complications. The data analysis above suggests that low-dose pelvic irradiation might be a good third choice to reduce ovarian cancer risk. Further studies would be worthwhile to establish the lowest optimum radiation dose.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.4049-4054
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• 2014

Background: Race and ethnicity are significant factors in predicting survival time of breast cancer patients. In this study, we applied advanced statistical methods to predict the survival of White non-Hispanic female breast cancer patients, who were diagnosed between the years 1973 and 2009 in the United States (U.S.). Materials and Methods: Demographic data from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database were used for the purpose of this study. Nine states were randomly selected from 12 U.S. cancer registries. A stratified random sampling method was used to select 2,000 female breast cancer patients from these nine states. We compared four types of advanced statistical probability models to identify the best-fit model for the White non-Hispanic female breast cancer survival data. Three model building criterion were used to measure and compare goodness of fit of the models. These include Akaike Information Criteria (AIC), Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC), and Deviance Information Criteria (DIC). In addition, we used a novel Bayesian method and the Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique to determine the posterior density function of the parameters. After evaluating the model parameters, we selected the model having the lowest DIC value. Using this Bayesian method, we derived the predictive survival density for future survival time and its related inferences. Results: The analytical sample of White non-Hispanic women included 2,000 breast cancer cases from the SEER database (1973-2009). The majority of cases were married (55.2%), the mean age of diagnosis was 63.61 years (SD = 14.24) and the mean survival time was 84 months (SD = 35.01). After comparing the four statistical models, results suggested that the exponentiated Weibull model (DIC= 19818.220) was a better fit for White non-Hispanic females' breast cancer survival data. This model predicted the survival times (in months) for White non-Hispanic women after implementation of precise estimates of the model parameters. Conclusions: By using modern model building criteria, we determined that the data best fit the exponentiated Weibull model. We incorporated precise estimates of the parameter into the predictive model and evaluated the survival inference for the White non-Hispanic female population. This method of analysis will assist researchers in making scientific and clinical conclusions when assessing survival time of breast cancer patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.5287-5294
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is a worldwide public health concern and is the most prevalent type of cancer in women in the United States. This study concerned the best fit of statistical probability models on the basis of survival times for nine state cancer registries: California, Connecticut, Georgia, Hawaii, Iowa, Michigan, New Mexico, Utah, and Washington. Materials and Methods: A probability random sampling method was applied to select and extract records of 2,000 breast cancer patients from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database for each of the nine state cancer registries used in this study. EasyFit software was utilized to identify the best probability models by using goodness of fit tests, and to estimate parameters for various statistical probability distributions that fit survival data. Results: Statistical analysis for the summary of statistics is reported for each of the states for the years 1973 to 2012. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Anderson-Darling, and Chi-squared goodness of fit test values were used for survival data, the highest values of goodness of fit statistics being considered indicative of the best fit survival model for each state. Conclusions: It was found that California, Connecticut, Georgia, Iowa, New Mexico, and Washington followed the Burr probability distribution, while the Dagum probability distribution gave the best fit for Michigan and Utah, and Hawaii followed the Gamma probability distribution. These findings highlight differences between states through selected sociodemographic variables and also demonstrate probability modeling differences in breast cancer survival times. The results of this study can be used to guide healthcare providers and researchers for further investigations into social and environmental factors in order to reduce the occurrence of and mortality due to breast cancer.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.561-569
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• 2022

우리나라 신장암 발생을 소득 수준에 따라 확인하고 병기별로 분석하여 소득 수준에 따른 지연된 진단 정도의 차이를 확인하기 위하여 2015년부터 2017년까지 중앙암등록자료 및 국민건강보험공단, 건강보험심사평가원 데이터베이스를 연계하여 국가 단위 신장암 코호트를 구축하여 병기별, 소득수준별 신장암 발생률을 산출하였다. 연구 기간 중 우리나라 신장암 발생률은 모든 소득 분위에서 증가하나 의료보장인구에서만 감소하는 양상을 보였다. 신장암 발생률은 인구 10만 명 당 7.35 명이었고 이 중 83.54%가 국한 및 국소 신장암으로 소득 상위 20%에서 인구 10만 명 당 21.46명의 높은 발생률을 보였다. 그 중 국한 및 국소 신장암이 18.37명으로 소득 수준이 높을수록 국한 및 국소 신장암 발생률이 높은 것으로 확인된 반면 소득 수준이 낮을수록 원격 전이된 상태로 신장암을 진단받을 위험이 높음(소득 하위 20% adj.OR 1.807, 95% CI 1.411-2.222)을 확인하였고 의료보장인구에서는 병기 미상으로 진단받을 위험비가 1.926(95% CI 1.317, 2.816)으로 관찰되었다. 소득 수준이 높을수록 조기에 암을 진단하는 빈도가 높지만 소득 수준이 낮을수록 전이 신장암으로 진단받거나 병기 미상으로 진단받을 위험이 높아 소득 수준에 따른 건강 불평등이 관찰되었다.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2015

MANET is composed of only the mobile nodes have a limited transmission range. The dynamic topology by the frequent movement of nodes makes routing difficult and is also cause exposed to security vulnerabilities. In this paper, we propose the security routing technique consisted of mechanism of two steps in order to respond effectively to attack by the modification of the routing information and transmit secure data. The hierarchical structure is used and the authentication node that issues the key of the nodes within each cluster is elected in this proposed method. The authentication node manages key issues and issued information for encrypting the routing information from the source node. The reliability value for each node is managed to routing trust table in order to secure data transmission. In the first step, the route discovery is performed using this after the routing information is encrypted using the key issued by the authentication node. In the second step, the average reliability value of the node in the found path is calculated. And the safety of the data transmission is improved after the average reliability value selects the highest path. The improved performance of the proposed method in this paper was confirmed through comparative experiments with CBSR and SEER. It was confirmed a better performance in the transmission delay, the amount of the control packet, and the packet transmission success ratio.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.321-325
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• 1978

Coarctation of the aorta was rare condition among the congenital cardiovascular defects in Korea. We experienced a case of coarctatlon of the aorta [postductal type], which was successfully corrected by resection and end to end anastomosis. This patient, 21 years male patient, was admitted to the medical department for evaluation of hypertension, headache and exertional dyspnea during 4 years, and transferred to the department of chest surgery for operation. On physical examination, blood pressures were measured on both extremity, measuring 190/100mmHg on the arm and 100/80mmHg on the leg. Systolic murmur was heard on 2nd to 3rd left intercostal space and left sternal border. On simple chest x-ray, rib notching was seer/on low border of right 3rd and left 4th rib. Final preoperative diagnosis was made by the retrograde aortic catheterization and aortography, which showed the typical configuration of postductal type of coarctation with poststenotic dilatation of the aorta. On 20th, July, 1978, under the general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, resection of coarctation of the aorta and end to end anastomosis was performed. During clamp for resection, blood pressure of upper extremity was elevated to 200/140mmHg, and controlled by Arfornad. During recovery, blood pressure over 160ramrig in systole was controlled by Reserpine for 8days postoperatively. At discharge, postoperative 8th day, brachial and femoral artery pressure was 145/85 mmHg and 135/80mmHg. After discharge, there was no evidence of specific symptoms and hypertension without antihypertensive drug.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2004

Energy efficiency evaluation method for a multi-type air conditioning system still has not been developed. In this study, analysis on capacity range and evaluating method of standards for air conditioners was conducted with world-wide Standards. It is not a proper approach to use the standards for residential air conditioner to multi type air conditioners. Some difficulties and problems are commented in this study with overview of the standards. Through the analytic research, an evaluating method for multi type air conditioner was suggested with Integrated Part Load Value (IPLV). The suggested concept for evaluating energy efficiency during part load condition considers building load pattern and operating hours of the system at different locations. Load was weighted in IPLV to consider not only the concept of occurrence of outdoor temperature such as bin method but also operation hours of the system. An experiment about the IPLV was conducted with variable air volume ducted type air conditioning system and multi-type system through modified code tester to give a glance at quantitative value of the IPLV.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.405-416
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• 2008

본 연구는 기반 통합 검색의 한계를 극복하고자, 인스턴스를 등록하고 관리하는 URI 서버를 이용하여 개체 페이지를 구성하는 방식의 통합 검색 방안을 제안한다. 키워드로 구성된 사용자 질의어와 매칭된 URI 서버 내의 인스턴스를 분석하여 최적 개체를 선정하고 단위 서비스들을 동시에 호출하는 방식으로 개체 페이지를 구성한다. 또한, 논문으로부터 자동 추출된 주제 정보를 대상으로 추론을 수행함으로써 인물, 기관, 위치 등에 대해서도 주제 중심의 심층적 정보 제공이 가능하다. 해외에서 실 서비스되고 있는 Citeseer, Google Scholar와의 통합 검색 결과 비교 실험과 사용성 평가를 통해 본 연구의 효용성을 실증한다.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

Aim: The purpose of this paper is to present the importance of multidisciplinary strategies in cancer prevention and control, especially comprehensive breast cancer care. Background: Worldwide, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed among women and is the leading cause of cancer deaths. Although the incidence of breast cancer in Asian countries is still lower than in Western countries, the rate of increase for the last two decades is striking. Methods: Data on cancer mortality, incidence, and risk factors were summarized by using the most recent data available from population-based cancer registries affiliated with the International Union Against Cancer, the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program and the CDC's National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR). Results: Global differences in breast cancer incidence and fluctuations in rates within a country still exist. The incidence of breast cancer in Asian countries was lower than in Western countries. Breast cancer incidence in the United States decreased each year during 1999-2003. On the other hand, morbidity and mortality related to breast cancer in Asia has increased significantly. Conclusion: Multidisciplinary strategies to reduce breast cancer mortality and promote breast cancer awareness are addressed. Lessons learned from multidisciplinary approaches to cancer treatment and control will be valuable in implementing future breast cancer research in the fields of basic, clinical, and population research in Asia.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

이 연구는 홍수, 허리케인, 위험물질 누출에 대한 과학적으로 측정된 환경위험지수와 가계의 특성간의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 이 연구는 인구적 특성(연령, 가족 수, 결혼 상태, 거주 기간)과 두 가지 자연재해(홍수와 허리케인)의 위험지수 사이에는 통계적으로 유의미한 관계가 없음을 보여주었다. 이 결과는 Drabek의 연구 결과를 지지하는 바, 사람들은 그들의 나이, 성별, 가족수, 결혼 상태, 거주기간과 관련 없이 그들의 주거를 선택하는데 자연재해의 가능성을 과소평가하거나 무시하는 경향이 있음을 보여주고 있다. 대조적으로, 위험물질 누출에 대한 환경위험지수는 위에 열거한 인구적 특성과 통계적으로 유의미한 상관관계를 보여주었다. 이는 가난하고 학력 수준이 낮은 사람들이 인적 재난에 더 노출된 지역사회에 사는 경향이 있음을 보여주고 있다.