• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2002

Compare to investigate the taxonomic utility of infragenera system and interspecific of Asian Geranium, we examined the fruit and seed morphology from 35 taxa. The fruit shape and seed's dispersal way did so that may divide subgenus or some part section to do could reason evolutionary trends. That is, at seed dispersal, the awns of section Geranium of subgenus Geranium, ramains attached at the top of rostrum, though fairy easily broken off, because seed increases awn's elasticity by diffusive way, it is long characteristic seed\`s dispersal distance, and subgenus Robertium observed that seed dispersal distance is short because it is no awn's elasticity by way that seed dispersal is gone as awn drops with rostrum. Also, section Geranium of subgenus Geranium and subgenus Robertium act role that awn keeps temporarily breed swerving with mericarp instead of bristle because section Tuberosa of subgenus Geranium is not bristled function that keep temporarily breed because mericarp bristled on base at seed dispersal do while. Therefore, is thought that is talon that when consider formation's development and function regarding this seed dispersal function, subgenus Geraniuum evolves more than subgenus Robertium. Seed morphology can divide by 2 subgenera(Geranium, Robertium) according to pattern of seed coat. and Seed's morphology characteristic(whole shape, color, form of seed apical and base, micropyle area, hilum area, chalaza, and position of seed hilum area), can distinguish some species, but is thought that is not reasonable as for discernment characteristic form and nature by repetition of characteristic form and nature. Especially, infrasection do in fruit and seed's morphology that is handling in this research that know to argue classification system and relationship by repetition of characteristic form and nature difficult. To all reliable truth, cytological, ecological, embryology, and molecular genetics research about talon is considered that should be achieved section Geranium that do not handle yet.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.156-156
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• 2001

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of nutrients and culture conditions on morphology during the seed culture of C. acremonium ATCC 20339 Morphological factors such as hyphal length number of tips number of arthrospores were observed to investigate the relationship between seed morphology and CPC production. During the time course of seed culture, hyphal length was shortened and the number of arthrospores increased rapidly On the other hand the number of tips deceased rapidly and this was closely related to the hyphal length Mixed nitrogen sources of 3% solybean meal and 1% cotton seed flour were determined as the proper organic nitrogen sources, in terms of the morphological factors in the seed culture. This fact was proven in batch culture for the production of Cephalosporin C. It was also found that a proper agitation speed enhanced the morphological differentiation of C. acremonium ATCC 20339, thus improving the production of Cephalosporin C.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2007

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the seed layer with copper electroplating on the surface morphology of copper foil. Three kinds of seed metal such as platinum, palladium, Pt-Pd alloy were used in this study. Electrodeposition was carried out with the constant current density of 200 $mA/cm^2$ for 68 seconds. Electrochemical experiments, in conjunction with SEM, XRD, AFM and four-point probe, were performed to characterize the morphology and mechanical characteristics of copper foil. Large particles were observed on the surface of the copper deposition layer when a copper foil was electroplated on the 130 nm thickness of Pd, Pt-Pd seed layer. However, a homogeneous surface, low resistivity was obtained when the 260 nm thickness of Pt, Pt-Pd alloy seed layer was used. The minimum value of resistivity was 2.216 ${\mu}{\Omega}-cm$ at the 260 nm thickness of Pt-Pd seed layer.

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.93-99
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• 1994

K2O/3MOOS/0.SBB03 융제를 사용하여 TSSG 법으로 육성한 Md:Yal3(BO3)4 (NYAB) 단결정의 결정외형 및 표면형상을 연구하였다. <100>과 <120> 종자정을 사용한 경우는 서로 다른 크기의 프리즘 면들과 (101) 면들이 발달하였고 <001> 종자정을 사용하였을 때는 (001) 면이 함께 발달하였다. 종자정의 방향이 <100>또는 <120> 일때 프리즘 면 위에 성장구룽이 많이 형성되었으나, <001> 일때는 이웃하는 (101) 면에 평행한 줄무늬가 형성 되었다. (101) 면은 이차원 핵생성에 의한 성장이 지배적이고, <001> 종지정을 사용할 때 발달하는 (001) 면은 나선형 전위에 의한 성장이 지배적이었다. 종자정의 방향은 성장외형을 변화시키고 성장외형과 결정의 질을 결정하는 중요한 성장변수로 작용하였다.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.105-107
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• 2010

미나리아재비과(Ranunculaceae) 너도바람꽃속(Eranthis)중에서 우리나라에 자생하는 너도바람꽃(E. stellata Maxim.)과 변산바람꽃(E. byunsanensis B. Sun)을 대상으로 종자의 외부형태와 해부형태를 관찰하였다. 그 결과, 두 종간에 종자표면의 모용 발달 유무에서 뚜렷한 차이가 관찰되었다. 즉, 너도바람꽃의 종자는 표면에 단세포성 모용이 발달하지 않는 반면, 변산바람꽃은 종자표면에 표피세포 유래의 단세포성 모용이 잘 발달하는 특징이 확인되었다. 이것은 변산바람꽃을 신종으로 발표하면서 제시했던 형태적 특징 외에, 변산바람꽃을 특산종으로 강하게 지지할 수 있는 또 다른 명확한 형태적 특징이라고 판단된다. 아울러 이번 연구에서 재료의 미확보로 연구하지 못한 풍도바람꽃과 일본종 E. pinnatifida의 종자형태도 비교 연구되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.987-991
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• 2009

We report growth of vertically well-aligned zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods on indium-tin oxide (ITO)/glass substrates using a simple aqueous solution method at low temperature via control of the ZnO seed layer morphology. ZnO nanoparticles acting as seeds are pre-coated on ITO-coated glass substrates. by spin coating to control distribution and density of the ZnO seed nanoparticles. ZnO nanorods were synthesized on the seed-coated substrates in a dipping process into a main growth solution. It was found that the alignment of ZnO nanorods can be effectively manipulated by the spin-coating speed of the seed layer. A grazing incidence X-ray diffraction pattern shows that the ZnO seed layer prepared using the higher spin-coating speed is of uniform seed distribution and a flat surface, resulting in the vertical growth of ZnO nanorods aligned toward the [0001] direction in the main growth process.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.411-420
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• 2003

한국산 열당과의 종자형태를 조사하기 위하여 5속 5종 1 변종과 히말라야의 Boschniakia himalaica Hook. f. & Thomson in Hook. f.(총 7 분류군)의 종자를 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 한국산 열당과는 종자 크기, 종피의 구조, 과실 당 종자의 수에 따라 두 가지 유형이 구별 되었다. - Type I: 크기가 1mm 미만, 종피 구조는 망상, 과실 당 종자의 개수는 약 1,000개 이상. Type I은 외종피의 내부 표면 무늬에 따라 세 가지 하위구분으로 나뒤어 질 수 있다; (1) Subtype Ia: 망상 -불규칙한 줄무늬형(Ia')과 깊은 망상(Ia")을 포함한다. (2) Subtype Ib: 유공상, (3) Subtype Ic: 평활상. Type II: 크기가 1mm 이상, 종피구조는 불규칙하게 돌출된 모양(creasted), 과실 당 종자의 개수는 약 1,000개 미만(Lathraea japonica Miq.). 한국산 열당과에 대한 종자 형질의 분류학적 적용에 관하여 간략하게 검토하였다.

• 폴리머
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2006

분산중합으로 제조된 폴리스티렌(PS) 시드 고분자 미립자에 가교단량체인 HDDA(1,6-hexanedioldiacrylate)를 one-step으로 흡수시키고 이를 중합하여 단분산 가교고분자 미립자를 제조할 시 1) 시드 고분자의 분자량, 2) 흡수된 가교단량체와 시드의 중량비, 3) 중합반응속도 등의 변화에 따른 가교고분자 입자의 표면 모폴로지 변화 등을 관찰하였다. 이번 연구를 통해 PS/HDDA계에서는 시드 고분자의 분자량 및 가교단량체 흡수비에 관계없이 가교고분자 입자표면에 분화구 형태의 모폴로지가 관찰되었으며, 이와 같은 표면 모폴로지는 중합반응속도를 조절함으로써 조절이 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.983-987
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• 2014

Nigella sativa (N sativa), commonly known as black seed, has been used in traditional medicine to treat many diseases. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities of N sativa extracts are well known. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the anticancer activity of seed extract (NSE) and seed oil (NSO) of N sativa against a human lung cancer cell line. Cells were exposed to 0.01 to 1 mg/ml of NSE and NSO for 24 h, then percent cell viability was assessed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2, 5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and neutral red uptake (NRU) assays, and cellular morphology by phase contrast inverted microscopy. The results showed NSE and NSO significantly reduce the cell viability and alter the cellular morphology of A-549 cells in a concentration dependent manner. The percent cell viability was recorded as 75%, 50%, and 26% at 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/ml of NSE by MTT assay and 73%, 48%, and 23% at 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/ml of NSE by NRU assay. Exposure to NSO concentrations of 0.1 mg/ml and above for 24 h was also found to be cytotoxic. The decrease in cell viability at 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/ml of NSO was recorded to be 89%, 52%, 41%, and 13% by MTT assay and 85%, 52%, 38%, and 11% by NRU assay, respectively. A-549 cells exposed to 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/ml of NSE and NSO lost their typical morphology and appeared smaller in size. The data revealed that the treatment of seed extract (NSE) and seed oil (NSO) of Nigella sativa significantly reduce viability of human lung cancer cells.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.60-69
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• 2011

[ $2.1\;{\mu}m$ ]입자경의 단분산 PBA seed를 이용한 2단계 분산중합을 seeded batch process 와 seeded semi-continuous process를 이용하여 다양한 형태의 PBA/PMMA composite 미립자를 제조하였다. Batch process의 경우 PBA/PMMA composite 입자의 모폴로지는 중합 분산매인 methanol/water 비와 중합 2단계에서의 PBA seed/MMA단량체의 비에 따라 크게 영향을 받으며, methanol/water 중합분산매중 물의 량이 증가함에 따라, 그리고 중합 2단계에서 MMA단량체량이 증가함에 따라 PBA와 PMMA간의 상분리현상이 심화되어 구형의 입자로부터 egg, snowman, confetti, peanut와 같은 비구형의 PBA/PMMA composite 입자들이 제조되었다. Semi-continuous process의 경우 단량체 부가시간을 조절함으로서 PBA/PMMA composite 입자의 모폴로지가 변함을 발견하였고 특히, 단량체의 결핍된 조건하에서 구형의 PBA(코어)/PMMA(쉘) composite 라텍스가 제조되었다.