• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.395-408
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze Korean Women's U.S. Ph.D. Degree-seeking Process and career development in the field of science and engineering in the United States. We conducted the analysis on the basis of SED (Survey of Earned Doctorates) data of the National Science Foundation. Since 2001, the number of Korean Ph.D. degree recipients from United States universities has been increasing and about 25% of them were women. Their median age was 33.3 years old, and one third of them were the recipients of research and teaching assistantships while pursuing a Ph.D. degree. At the time of receiving the degree, 51.8% reported having definite commitments for employment or postdoctoral study or research. Over 70% of the degree holders were presumed to stay and work in the United States. The study finally addressed policy implications regarding their recruitment to Korea and a need for a longitudinal survey.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.2642-2647
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• 2008

Starting characteristics of the axi-symmetric supersonic exhaust diffuser(SED) with a second throat are numerically investigated. Main purpose of this study is to predict theoretical starting pressure of STED using 1-D normal shock theory and to present the range of optimum starting pressure through parametric study with essential design parameters of STED influencing on starting performance. Renolds-Average Navier-Stokes equations with a standard ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model incorporated with standard wall function are solved to simulate the diffusing evolutions of the nozzle plume. Minimum(optimum) starting pressure difference of $20{\sim}25%$ between 1-D theory and experimental evidences validated from previous results[5] is also applied to predict those in this system. The analysis results indicate that dominant parameters for diffuser starting in this system is diffuser expansion ratio($A_d/A_t$), which has optimum value 120 and second throat area ratio($A_d/A_{st}$), which has optimum range $3.3{\sim}3.5$.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.801-805
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• 2009

하천의 골재는 도로, 항만, 주택건설 등 다양한 건설재료로 이용되어 왔으며 급속한 산업화와 더불어 국가건설사업, 지방자치단체의 수익사업으로 인해 골재 수요가 급격히 증가해 왔다. 그러나 체계적인 조사 및 연구가 없이 무분별하게 행해진 하천준설은 하상저하, 하천의 불안정, 하상의 장갑화 등 물리적 영향뿐만 아니라 주변 하천의 식생, 저서생물의 서식처 등 수서생태계의 파괴, 하천정화능력 저하, 교각의 노출 등 생물적 경제적인 측면에서 악영향을 미치고 있다. 본 연구에서는 하천준설사업이 꾸준히 진행 중에 있는 낙동강 유역의 감천을 연구대상지역으로 선정하여, 2차원 수치모형인 RMA-2를 이용하여 준설에 따른 동수역학적 흐름특성의 변화를 모의하고, SED2D를 이용하여 단기하상변동을 예측하였다. 지형자료는 수치지도 및 실측자료를 토대로 하여 구축하였으며, 준설 전 후의 하상변동을 모의해 비교 분석한 결과, 하도중심에서의 흐름특성은 준설전에 비해 수위가 평균 0.85 m 저하되었고, 하상은 평균 0.56 m 저하되었다. 대상유역의 수위와 유속은 준설전에 비해 준설후에 안정적인 특성을 나타냈다. 또한, 준설전 후 전반적으로 하상상승이 발생하였으며 이는 상류에서의 유사유입량이 많아 퇴적이 많이 일어난 것으로 판단되며, 준설후는 준설전에 비해 하류에서의 퇴적량이 적게 나타났으며 이는 준설구간에서의 퇴적으로 인해 하류 유사이송이 적게 일어난 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구의 결과는 하천준설에 따른 하천환경 및 물리적 영향을 최소화하고, 교란하천의 복원 및 관리 등에도 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.33B no.2
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• pp.149-158
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• 1996

In this paper we describe designing and implementing a digital neural chip and a parallel neural machine for simulating large scale neural netsorks. The chip is a single-chip multiprocessor which has four digiral neural processors (DNP-II) of the same architecture. Each DNP-II has program memory and data memory, and the chip operates in MIMD (multi-instruction, multi-data) parallel processor. The DNP-II has the instruction set tailored to neural computation. Which can be sed to effectively simulate various neural network models including on-chip learning. The DNP-II facilitates four-way data-driven communication supporting the extensibility of parallel systems. The parallel neural machine consists of a host computer, processor boards, a buffer board and an interface board. Each processor board consists of 8*8 array of DNP-II(equivalently 2*2 neural chips). Each processor board acn be built including linear array, 2-D mesh and 2-D torus. This flexibility supports efficiency of mapping from neural network models into parallel strucgure. The neural system accomplishes the performance of maximum 40 GCPS(giga connection per second) with 16 processor boards.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.435-443
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• 2015

Purpose. This study was to investigate comparison of the near eye position according to the spectacle and contact lens wearing. Methods. We measured the AC/A ratio and near horizontal phoria using modified Thorington method in each case spectacle and contact lens wearing of equivalent spherical power after measuring the full corrected diopter for 20 subjects (men 5, woman 15, $21.15{\pm}1.35$ years) without specific ocular diseases, ocular surgery experience and vision anomalies. Results. It was shown high correlation between spectacle and contact lens wearing as AC/A ratio is a correlation coefficient 0.99 (p=0.00), near horizontal phoria is a correlation coefficient 0.95 (p=0.00). And contact lens wearing increased as AC/A ratio by $0.32{\pm}1.35$ ${\Delta}/D$ (p=0.31) and near horizontal phoria by $-0.17{\pm}2.18$ ${\Delta}$ (p=0.73) than spectacle wearing but there was no statistically significant difference. As the higher myopic grade AC/A ratio increased and then was shown decreased tendency in -6.00 D < $SED{\leq}-4.00$ D group (p>0.05) and as the higher myopic grade near exophoria increased but there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusions. We should consider that the subjects who had the lower AC/A ratio or higher near exophoria in -6.00 D < $SED{\leq}-4.00$ D group were necessary to measure AC/A ratio and near horizontal phoria when they were wearing contact lens because contact lens wearing tended to increase the near exophoria than spectacle wearing.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1870-1874
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• 2009

96년, '98년, '99년 3차례에 걸쳐 임진강 유역과 경기북부 지역의 집중호우로 이 지역의 막대한 인명피해 및 재산피해가 발생하여 이에 대한 대책으로 한탄강홍수조절용 댐을 계획하였다. 한탄강 홍수조절댐은 초기방류를 목적으로 상용여수로를 월류부를 통한 방류가 아닌 댐 제체에 방류관(EL.55.0m)을 설치하여 방류하므로 댐지점에 퇴사되는 토사를 효율적으로 배제시켜주어야 한다. 또한 댐 상 하류의 생태단절을 감소시키기 위하여 댐체 저부에 생태통로가 계획, 홍수시 이를 통하여 배사가 원활하도록 배사관을 겸용하도록 하였다. 본 연구에서는 수리모형실험을 통하여 배사관으로 퇴사되는 토사가 원활하게 배출이 되는지를 검토하였으며, 배사실험을 위한 상류부 경계조건으로는 HEC-6모형 이용 댐상류 12km지점에서 댐지점까지의 퇴사량 및 댐지점 2km상류지역은SED-2D모형을 통하여 퇴사량을 산정하여 이를 비교하여 댐 직상류의 퇴사고와 퇴사량을 결정하여 적용하였다. 실험사례는 연평균 유하량, 200년 빈도 홍수량, 댐수위 EL.55.0m이하 방류시로 하였으며, 이에 따른 배사효과를 분석 배사관 설계의 적정성을 확보하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.714-717
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• 2009

As part of a new riverside development project, various types of bridges and covering bridges were constructed in natural river estuary; and these structures got in the way of the flow of the river, which has resulted in a topographical change in natural river estuary, decrease in the gross sectional area of flow, and rise of water level. As a result, surrounding areas are suffering from damages due to overflowing of river over the bank. This study was designed to provide basic data for efficient design of structures, by examining resistance and characteristics in the surrounding areas of bridges based on changes in the span length ratio.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.2100-2104
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• 2008

현재 전국적으로 하천을 횡단하는 보에 어도시설이 되어 있는 곳은 4.6%에 불과하고, 기존에 설치된 어도의 경우에도 설계단계에서부터 회유성 어류의 통로로 부적합하거나, 시공 후 관리부실로 하상이 세굴되거나 퇴적되어 어도로서의 기능을 상실한 경우가 많은 실정이다. 또한 어도의 위치는 통수장애 및 퇴적을 고려하여 하천의 유심(流心)과 연결되는 위치에 설치해야 함에도 불구하고 엄밀한 수리계산 없이 어도의 설계가 이루어지는 경우가 많다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 1차원 및 2차원 흐름해석을 통해 어도 효율을 높일 수 있는 방안을 강구하였다. 흐름해석 대상구간은 왕숙천의 퇴계원 수위표 지점부터 상류 약 4km 구간이며, 이 구간에 3개의 보가 존재한다. 상하류 연속성 확보를 위해 어도 설치시 고려 대상 종으로 왕숙천 중류에만 출현하는 긴몰개를 삼았다. 보에 어도가 없는 상태에서 흐름 및 하상변동 해석을 수행하여 이를 바탕으로 어도를 설치하기에 적정한 위치를 도출하였다. 2차원 흐름모형의 하나인 RMA-2를 사용하여 유심선을 파악하였으며, 하상변동 해석 모형인 SED-2D를 이용하여 홍수시 어도 입,출구에 예상되는 세굴 및 퇴적양상을 확인하였다. 갈수시 설치된 어도에 충분한 유량이 확보되는가를 확인하기 위해 HEC-RAS를 이용하여 1차원 흐름해석도 병행하였다. 2차원 흐름해석 결과 대상구간의 좌안쪽으로 유심선이 발생하므로 어도는 이를 따라 보체의 좌안쪽에 설치함이 타당하다. 그러나 홍수시 하상변동해석 결과, 좌안쪽에 상당량의 퇴적이 발생하는 경우에는 퇴적이 진행되지 않는 보의 중앙부에 어도를 설치함이 타당하다고 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.3-16
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• 2002

This article describes some of the recent and on-going research developments of the author at Colorado State University. Advances in the field of sedimentation and river mechanics include basic research and computer modeling on several topics. Only a few selected topics are considered here: (1) analytical determination of velocity profiles, shear stress and sediment concentration profiles in smooth open channels; (2) experiments on bedload particle velocity in smooth and rough channels; (3) field measurements of sediment transport by size fractions in curved flumes. In terms of computer modeling, significant advances have been achieved in: (1) flashflood simulation with raster-based GIOS and radar precipitation data; and (2) physically-based computer modeling of sediment transport at the watershed scale with CASC2D-SED. Field applications, measurements and analysis of hydraulic geometry and sediment transport has been applied to: (1) gravel-bed transport measurements in a cobble-bed stream at Little Granite Creek, Wyoming; (2) sand and gravel transport by size fraction in the sharp meander bends of Fall River, Colorado; (3) changes in sand dune geometry and resistance to flow during major floods of the Rhine River in the Netherlands; (4) changes in hydraulic geometry of the Rio Grande downstream of Cochiti Dam, New Mexico; and (5) analysis of the influence of water temperature and the Coriolis force on flow velocity and sediment transport of the Lower Mississippi River in Louisiana. Recent developments also include two textbooks on "Erosion and Sedimentation" and "River Mechanics" by the author and state-of-the-art papers in the ASCE Journal of Hydraulic Engineering.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 2012

Lyman break Galaxies are galaxies selected in the rest-frame ultraviolet. But, one important and missing information for these Lyman break galaxies is the amount of dust attenuation. This is crucial to estimate the total star formation rate of this class of objects and, ultimately, the cosmic star formation density. AKARI, Spitzer and Herschel are therefore the major facilities that could provide us with this information. As part of the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey, we have began investigating the rest-frame far-infrared properties of a sample of more than 4,800 Lyman Break Galaxies in the GOODS-North fiels. Most LBGs are not detected individually, but we do detect a sub-sample of 12 objects at 0.7 < z <1.6 and one object at z = 2.0. The ones detected by Herschel SPIRE have redder observed NUV-U and U-R colors than the others, while the undetected ones have colors consistent with average LBGs at z > 2.5. We have analysed their UV-to-FIR spectral energy distributions using the code cigale to estimate their physical parameters. We find that LBGs detected by SPIRE are high mass, luminous infrared galaxies. They also appear to be located in a triangle-shaped region in the $A_{FUV}$ vs. $logL_{FUV}$ diagram limited by $A_{FUV}$ = 0 at the bottom and by a diagonal following the temporal evolution of the most massive galaxies from the bottom-right to the top-left of the diagram. In a second step, we move to the larger COSMOS field where we have been able to detect 80 Lyman break galaxies (out of ~ 15,600) in the far infrared. They form the largest sample of Lyman break galaxies at z > 2.5 detected in the far-infrared. We tentatively name them Submillimeter Lyman break galaxies (S-LBGs).