• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.58-68
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• 2009

Low impact development (LID) technique is relatively new concept to reduce surface runoff and pollutant loading from land cover by attempting to match predevelopment condition with various integrated management practices (IMPs). In this study, computational model for designing and evaluating LID, named LIDMOD, was developed based on SCS-CN method and applied at Andong bus terminal to evaluate LID applicapability and design retention/detention area for volume or peak flow control. LIDMOD simulated with 21 years simulation period that yearly surface runoff by post-development without LID was significantly higher than that with LID showing about 2.8 times and LID could reduce efficiently yearly surface runoff with 75% reduction of increased runoff by conventional post development. LIDMOD designed detention area for volume/peak flow control with 20.2% of total area by hybrid design. LID can also efficiently reduce pollutant load from land cover. Pollutant loads from post-development without LID was much higher than those from pre-development with showing 37 times for BOD, 2 times for TN, and 9 times for TP. Pollutant loads from post-development with LID represented about 57% of those without LID. Increasing groundwater recharge reducing cooling and heating fee, creating green refuge at building area can be considered as additional benefits of LID. At the point of reducing runoff and pollutant load, LID might be important technique for Korean TMDL and LIDMOD can be useful tool to calculate unit load for the case of LID application.

• Water for future
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.53-70
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• 1977

The analysis performed here is aimed to increase the familiarity of hydrologic process especially for the small basins which are densely gaged. Kyung An and Mu Shim river basins are selected as a representative basin according to the criteria which UNESCO has established back in 1964 and being operated under the auspice of Ministry of Construction. The data exerted from these basins is utilized for the determination of characteristics of procipitation and runoff phenomena for the small basin, which is considered as a typical Korean samall watershed. The study found that the areal distribution of preciptation did not show any significant deviation from the point rainfall. Since the area studied is less than 20 km#, the pointrainfall may be safely utilized as a representative value for the area. Also the effect of elevation on the precipitation has a minor significance in the small area where the elevation difference is less than 200m. The methodology developed by Soil Conservation Service for determination of runoff value from precipitation is applied to find the suitability of the method to Korean river basin. The soil cover complex number or runoff curve number was determined by comsidering the type of soil, soil cover, land use and other factors such as antecedent moisture content. The average values of CN for Kyung An and Mushim river basins were found to be 63.9 and 63.1 respectively under AMC II, however, values obtained from soil cover complex were less than those from total precipitation and effective precipitation about 10-30%. It may be worth to note that an attention has to be paid in application of SCS method to Korean river basin by adjusting 10-30% increase to the value obtained from soil cover complex. Finally, the design flood hydrograph was consturcted by employing unit hydrograph technique to the dimensionless mass curve. Also a stepwise multiple regression was performed to find the relationship between runoff and API, evapotranspiration rate, 5 days antecedentprecipitation and daily temperature.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2018

This study is to calibrate the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) water quality of SS (Suspended Solid), T-P (Total Phosphorus), and T-N (Total Nitrogen) by focusing on 2014~2015 drought periods and identify the important parameters. For Gongdo watershed ($366.5km^2$), the SWAT was calibrated for 2 cases of 2002~2006 normal year focusing calibration and 2014~2015 drought focusing calibration respectively. The parameters of N_UPDIS (Nitrogen uptake distribution parameter) and CMN (Rate factor for humus mineralization of active organic nutrients) played important roles for T-N calibration during drought periods. The SWAT SS, T-N, and T-P average $R^2$ (Coefficient of determination) results by focusing on 2014~2015 drought periods calibration showed 0.71, 0.65 and 0.62 while 2002~2006 normal year focusing calibration showed 0.63, 0.58 and 0.50 respectively. Also SWAT SS, T-N, and T-P model efficiency NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency) results by focusing on drought period (2014~2015) calibrated showed 0.76, 0.77, 0.87 respectively. Even though the SS, T-P parameters were unchanged during the calibration, the SS and T-P results were improved by the hydrological parameters (SCS-CN, SOL_K, SLSOIL) during the drought periods. The SWAT water quality calibration needs to be considered for the movement of SS and nutrients transport especially focusing on the drought characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

The agricultural area was classified into dry and paddy fields in this study using the near-infrared band of Landsat TM to extract land cover classes that need to the application of Expected Mean Concentration (EMC) in nonpoint source works. The accuracy of image classification of the land cover map from Landsat TM image showed 83.61% and 78.41% respectively by comparing with the large and middle scale land cover map of Ministry of Environment. As the result of Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Curve Number (CN) using the land cover map from image classification, Dongbok dam and Dongbok stream basin were analyzed high. Also Geymbaek water-gage and Bosunggang upstream basin showed high in the analysis of EMC of BOD, TN, TP by basin. And also Geymbaek water-gage and Bosunggang upstream basin showed high in the analysis of non-point source through coupling with direct runoff. Therefore these basins were selected with the main area for the management of nonpoint source.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.99-99
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 금강 유역을 대상으로 토양저류함수모형기반의 개념적 강우유출모형의 장기 유출모의를 평가하였다. 연구유역인 금강 22개 계측유역을 주요 유역특성인자(면적, 경사도, SCS-CN등)을 수문학적 거리 산정방법을 활용하여 3개의 유역그룹을 선정하였다. 적용모형인 개념적 강우유출모형은 3개의 토양저류함수모형[확률분포모형(PDM: Probability Distributed Moisture), 유역습윤지수모형(CWI: Catchment Wetness Index), 수정펜맨타입모형(MP: Modified Penman type model)]과 3개의 유역추적모형[병렬2선형 저류지 유출 모형(2PAR: 2-conceptual reservoirs in parallel), 빠른 지표하 흐름을 고려한 병렬 2선형 저류지 유출모형(2PMP: 2Macro-pre Approach parallel structure), 병렬 3선형 저류지 유출모형(3PAR: 3-conceptual reservoirs in parallel)]의 조합인 9개의 모형을 사용하였으며, 2006년부터 2012년의 일자료를 바탕으로 검정(Calibration), 2001년부터 2005년의 일자료를 검증(Validation)을 Monte carlo method(Uniform Random Sampling)로 수행 후, 모형의 성능은 NSE(Nash sutcliffe Efficiency)로 평가하였다. 분석결과 유역그룹에 대한 모형성능의 편차는 작아서 유역그룹에 대한 토양저류 함수모형의 뚜렷한 상관성을 확인할 수 없었다. 이는 금강 유역을 단일 유역 그룹으로 적용할 수 있음을 제시하고 있다. 검정 검증성능 및 검정매개변수의 개수를 바탕으로 적용성 평가를 실시한 결과에서 토양저류함수모형인 확률분포모형(PDM)과 유역추적모형의 병렬2선형 저류지 유출모형(2PAR)와 빠른 지표하 흐름을 고려한 병렬2선형 저류지 유출모형(2PMP)의 조합이 금강 22개 유역에서 적용성이 우수함을 확인하였다. 향후 이 모형을 바탕으로 금강유역의 대표적인 강우유출모형을 개발하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.375-375
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• 2023

본 연구는 농지를 대상으로 토양수분 및 가뭄 현황을 분석하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 토양수분을 파악하기 위해 Terra MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) 위성영상기반의 토양수분 산정모형을 개발하였다. 해당 모형은 MODIS LST(Land Surface Temperature) 및 NDVI(Normalized Difference Deficit Index)를 기반으로 SCS-CN(Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number) 방법에서 착안한 수문학적 개념 5일 선행강우 및 무강우일수를 입력자료로 하며, 토양 종류 및 계절에 따른 토양수분의 특성을 고려하였다. 모형의 개발을 위해 MODIS LST 및 NDVI 영상을 2013년부터 2022년까지 각각 일별 및 16일 단위로 구축하였으며, 동 기간에 대해 전국 88개소의 기상청 종관기상관측소의 강수량 및 LST 자료를 수집하였다. MODIS LST는 실측 LST 자료를 활용해 조건부합성기법을 적용하여 상세화하였고, 수집된 강수량자료는 역거리가중법을 활용해 공간 보간을 수행하였다. 토양특성의 구분은 농촌진흥청에서 정밀토양도를 수집하여 활용하였다. 공간 분포된 토양수분에서 농지에 해당하는 토양수분을 추출하기 위해 스마트팜맵을 구축하고, 농지 속성에 해당하는 위치 정보를 조회 후 이를 시군구별로 평균하여 일별 평균 토양수분값을 산정하였다. 토양수분 기반의 가뭄 현황 분석을 위해 구축된 정밀토양도에서 작물 생장과 관련된 영구위조점 및 포장용수량을 활용해 5단계(정상, 관심, 주의, 경계, 심각)의 가뭄 위험도를 산정하였으며, 실제 가뭄 현황과의 비교를 통해 토양수분기반의 가뭄 위험도의 실효성을 검증하고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.37-46
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• 2013

Similarity measure of catchments is essential for regionalization studies, which provide in depth analysis in hydrological response and flood estimations at ungauged catchments. However, this similarity measure is often biased to the selected catchments and is not clearly explained in hydrological sense. This study applied a type of hydrological similarity distance measure-Flood Estimation Handbook to 25 Geum River catchments, Korea. Three Catchment Characteristics, Area(A)-Annual precipitation(SAAR)-SCS Curve Number(CN), are used in Euclidian distance measures. Furthermore, six index of Flow Duration Curve are applied to clustering analysis of SPSS. The catchments' grouping of hydrological similarity measures suggests three groups (H1, H2 and H3) and the four catchments are not grouped in this study. The clustering analysis of FDC provides four Groups; F1, F2, F3 and F4. The six catchments (out of seven) of H1 are grouped in F1, while Sangyeogyo is grouped in F2. The four catchments (out of six) of H2 are also grouped in F2, while Cheongju and Guryong are grouped in F1. The catchments of H3 are categorized in F1. The authors examine the results (H1, H2 and H3) of similarity measure based on catchment physical descriptors with results (F1 and F2) of clustering based on catchment hydrological response. The results of hydrological similarity measures are supported by clustering analysis of FDC. This study shows a potential of hydrological catchment similarity measures in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.823-827
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• 2010

This study was conducted to assess the propriety of models for soil water characteristics estimation in anthropogenic soil through the measurement of soil water content and soil water matric potential. Soil profile was characterized with four different soil layers. Soil texture was loamy sand for the first soil layer (from soil surface to 30 cm soil depth), sand for the second (30~70 cm soil depth) and the third soil layers (70~120 cm soil depth), and sandy loam for the fourth soil layer (120 cm < soil depth). Soil water retention curve (SWRC), the relation between soil water content and soil water matric potential, took a similar trend between different layers except the layer of below 120 cm soil depth. The estimation of SWRC and air entry value was better in van Genuchten model by analytical method than in Brooks-Corey model with power function. Therefore, it could be concluded that van Genuchten model is more desirable than Brook-Corey model for estimating soil water characteristics of anthropogenic soil accumulated with saprolite.