• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.20-23
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• 2015

A sequential planting method was developed to screen rice plants with durable resistance against rice blast in a short time, and applied for several years in Korean rice breeding program. In this study, we showed the advantages of a sequential planting method compared to other pathogenicity tests. The correlation analysis among three pathogenicity tests and other factors demonstrated that durable resistance depended on the average of diseased leaf area and the number of compatible pathogens. Significant correlations were found in the nursery test but not in the field test result. In addition, we traced changes in the pathogen population during sequential planting stages through re-isolation of the pathogen. The portion of compatible pathogens was increased during sequential planting. Through this study, we provide an effective sequential planting method and direction of durable resistance in a breeding program.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.321-337
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• 2002

This study was carried out to draw up the planting plan of bridge type ecological corridor for animals migration at Hakgogae(ridge) destroyed by road construction in Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. It was conducted with two steps, survey and planting master plan. We surveyed the structure of topography, plant community, and animal habitat. We also selected the target species migrate ecological corridor and suggested a concept of each planting area, the planting species, and the planting density based on the analyzed data and finally drew up the planting plan. The structure of topography was a steep slope due to the mountain ridge destruction so the bridge type ecological corridor was could be applied in this study and we supposed that the animals migrate along the both edge of corridor. As the results of analyzed plant community structure in two sides, the dominant woody species, Quercus serrata and Q. variabilis were distributed on the bottom and the belly of a mountain, while Pinus densiflora community was distributed on the mountain ridge as edaphic climax. The similarity between Q. serrata -Q. mongolica -Q. variabilis community on the West of survey site and Q. serrata -Q. mongolica community on the East of survey site was high in 71.0 percentages. As the results of surveying birds and some mammalia, seven species and fifty-seven individuals of birds were founded in survey area, and two species and two individuals of rodents were founded. We selected birds and some mammals for the migration species that supposed to migrate ecological corridor in drawing up the planting plan. And then we divided the planting areas into bird corridor and habitat, and mammals corridor, also suggested the planting areas in detail as follows: community planting area of shrub at slope adjacent to the bridge exit as a buffer zone, screen planting area, community planting area of herb at steep slope connected with mountain areas, inducement planting area of the animals, community planting area for bird migration, community planting area for mammals migration, and community planting area for bird habitat. We selected the planting woody species which were the constancy ratio based on the analyzed data of plant community around mountain areas was high, and suggested the planting master plan each space.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.719-722
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• 2005

This study is to find the effective way to green perpendicular wall spaces as soon as possible and to get basic data for activating the perpendicular greening on high story building through the experiment of container-type planting ground in which lightened artificial soil mixed with rock wool was put. Comparative studies of the sizes of containers and soil were carried out but separate management was not performed. Four plants(Euonymus fortunei var. radicans, Lonicera japonica, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Parthenocissus tricuspidata) which have the capability to cover and screen perpendicular spaces were used in the experiment. In result, a container must be equipped with over 15cm depth soil mixed with less than $30\%$ of rock wool.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.455-458
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• 2001

To screen potato clones with high resistance to hollow heart (HH) and internal brown spot (IBS), field conditions were set up to induce high frequencies of physiological disorders in 'Atlantic' potato through various treatments of mulching, periodic shadings, and plant growth regulators such as trinexapac-ethyl (Tr-E) and dicloprop-triethanol mine (DTA). IBS occurrence was as high as 67.5% in the field plot mulched with transparent film and shaded for 10 days beginning at 80 days after planting. The highest level of HH was 22.9% in the plot mulched with transparent film and shaded for 10 days beginning at 60 days after planting. Very high level of IBS (66.3%) also occurred in the plot treated with 1500 mg/L of Tr-E 40 days after planting, while HH occurred by 21.3% in the plot treated with 1000 mg/L of DTA 70 days after planting. In the plots which were treated with 1,500 mg/L of Tr-E after 40 days of planting and 1000 mg/L of DTA after 70 days of planting, 'Superior' (moderately highly resistant) and 'Atlantic' (very susceptible) could be clearly distinguished to be resistant and susceptible. High occurrence condition set up in this study could be applied for the potato breeding program to screen potato clones with high resistance to HH and IBS.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.99-104
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• 1993

The objectives of this study were investigation of the sutiable propagation method by softwood cuttings of female Ilex serrata, the comparison of sex determination of Ilex serrata after seeding and the fruiting percentage of the Ilex serrata male and female. The results obtained were as follows. 85 percentage of the seed were germinated with three months cold stratification. 35 percentage of female plant were observed after seeding. Cuttings should be rooted on late June using a quick dipping of 1,000ppm IBA solution. The rooting rate of the softwood cuttings treated IBA 1,000pm on June 22 in a closed moist chamber with 50% shade screen was 72.2 percentage. The suitable planting of male and female of Ilex serrata was male one versus female thirteen in a distance of 50 meter.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.59-71
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• 2008

The landscape commonly refers to the appearance of the land, including its shape, texture, and colours. Among many factors contributing to the landscape, tree and plants factors playa significant role in rural landscape as a colours. Therefore the rural traditional theme village where had been designated under the rural traditional theme village since 2007 in Naegok-ri, Eohang-myeon, Haman-gun has planned to design the tree plant planning for creating a unique rural landscape. The landscape proposal for the new Rural Village in Naegokri, Yeohang-myeon, Haman-gun suggests three main strategies; 1) The riverside area and reservoir area adjoined forest was required to be prepared to offer organization waterside landscape and forest landscape through landscape planting and selecting trees i.e. able to reflect sense of the season that promote high quality values of landscape area in rural. 2) The area adjoined stable was required to strengthen the screen planting and buffer planting with multiple plant layer structure and trees of branches and leaves closeness, shrubs of beauty flowers in order to improve disamenity landscape and odours. 3) The rural traditional theme village adjoined entrance was required to open space such as multipurpose garden, specialized or themed garden which include Landmark factors and prepared to the space with the various theme and visual diversity in order to take charge of function as landmark characteristic in Naegok-ri, Eohang-myeon, Haman-gun, and so on. In conclusion, this winning principal purpose of this study is applied to basic tree plant model for sustainable rural landscape creation in rural areas by selecting beautiful landscape plants and the tree plant planning.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.119-128
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to find a basic theory about Korean traditional planting pattern by analyzing a characteristic of planting and planted species in Haein, Tongdo and Songkwang Temples. The results are as follows. The planted species in three-treasure temples were 129 taxa; 57 families, 96 genera, 110 species, 12 varieties and 7 forma. The species related in Buddhism were Viburnum sargentii for. sterile, Hydrangea macrophylla for. otaksa and Musa basjoo. They are related in plant form and Buddhist ceremony. The results of forms were 34.1% in trees, 33.3% in shrubs, 3.9% in vine and 28.7% in herbage. The results of leaf fall were 56 taxa in broad-leaved deciduous trees, 27 taxa in broad-leaved evergreen trees and 14 taxa in needle-leaved evergreen trees. The native species were 32 taxa in Haein Temple, 27 taxa in Tongdo Temple and 44 taxa in Songkwang Temple. And the exotic species were 20 taxa, 28 taxa and 44 taxain the Haein, Tongdo and Songkwang Temples, respectively. In the results of analyzing the characteristics of planting, in the case of Haein Temple, Abies holophylla was linearly planted in Yiljumun, and Magnolia denudata was single planted in plant stairs of Haetalmun. In the case of plant stairs of Jeokmukdang, Cephalotaxus koreana was planted at regular intervals. In the case of Tongdo Temple, Celtis sinensis, Zelkova serrata and so forth were planted in Yiljumun, and Phyllostachys nigra was planted in form of screen planting in Youngsanjeon. The form of Hwanghwagak was a planting of symmetry in the center of a building, and the one of Daekwangmyyeongjeon was a mixed planting. The regular planting pattern was not shown in Yiljumun of Songkwang Temple. In the case of Dosungdang, Corunus officinalis was linearly planted in the west. In the case of Gwaneumjeon, Juniperus chinensis var. globosa and Camellia japonica were planted in symmetry. The old aged trees were planted in front of specimens planted in front of Daewoongbojeon.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.86-113
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• 2014

This study has researched the characteristics and elements of Chwibyeong (翠屛), a sort of trellis in the Joseon Dynasty through the old documents, and the original form of Chwibyeong at Juhapru (宙合樓) in Changdeuk Palace. The results were as follow. First, as the result of literatures analysis for Imwon-gyeongje-ji (林園經濟志) and Jeungbo-sallim-gyeongje (增補山林經濟), the plant screen was classified as kinds of support[frame] material, plants and methods of planting. It was found that the supports of Chwibyeong were made of bamboo or the material such as the Jinjangmok (眞長木: a stick of oak) and Giryu (杞柳: Salix purpurea var. japonica). The evergreen coniferous trees including Pinus densiflora, Taxus cuspidata and Thuja orientalis were mainly used for the plant material of Chwibyeong. The general planting method of Chwibyeong was to plant on the ground, but sometimes the container planting was also found on the artificial ground. Second, the term of 'Chwibyeong' in the literatures was used in only the screen made by evergreen trees, and the superordinate category term of it was indicated by 'byeong (屛)'. Therefore Chwibyeong was a compound word formed from 'chwi (翠)' which means the characteristics of evergreen and 'byeong' as tree screen which the support was made by bamboo. And Chwibyeong had semantic context which was combined with the literary symbolization to describe a landscape of green peak and Taoist ideology be inherent from 'twelve peaks of Musan[巫山十二峰]' in Sichuan sheng (四川省). Thirdly, the photograph of Chwibyeong at Juhapru taken by the 1880s, showed that Chwibyeong was made with coniferous trees and was almost 2 meters high. The Chwibyeong at Juhapru was removed during the Japanese colonial era, but a few yew trees(Taxus cuspidata) used for Chwibyeong are still remaining. And some Juniperus chinensis which the composition time is unclear, were cultivated while hung loose its branchs at the sides of Eosumun (魚水門). This Junipers were presumed to be planted by Japanese after Japanese annexation of Korea(1910), and it was judged that both of the roofs of Eosumun's side gates might have been transformed into Japanese style at the same time. Lastly, Chwibyeong at Juhapru was restored in 2008 but it was restored in wrong way from original form without precise research. Especially Chwibyeong was restored with Sasa boreralis which is damaged by frost, so it requires exertion that should revive the originals to plant original material as much as possible. And it needs the development of fabrication technique for Chwibyeong and the application to current landscape architecture.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2004

This study aimed at providing suggestions in designing open space so that parks and bordering facilities are well related to each other in terms of the visual access and human activities. The design survey was conducted in the center of Osaka City, using parks there as the study material. The relation between parks and their bordering facilities was evaluated in terms of the visual access and human activities. Through the results of this study, as the design methods for improving relations between parks and their bordering facilities, unified design and creation of square in the boundary area between them, placing access paths to facilities in parks, and planting trees to create Vista, Screen, and Framework landscapes are of great importance.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.1
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• pp.113-140
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• 1983

This is a study on a landscape planning along the street 1~4, which are gateways to Taegu city and an important scenery. Therefore, emphasis was given to provide a bright, clean and beautiful first impression to visitors and citizens. The area is being developed for education and athletic park. Plans to construct a fountain, pergolas and a pond were set up to complement the active and passive facilities to the existing a athletic facilities in the area. Since D part in the area have alkali soil (pH 8.1), soil amendment is necessary for successful growth of trees and ground covers. When the area is filled or added with new soil for soil amendment, it will be important to use fresh soil which can support plant growth. It will be ideal to use ground covers and shrubs on the existing retaining walls along the street for keeping natural vegetation and slope stability instead of further cutting and reconstruction. It is not reasonable in technical and economic sense to remove rocks of the slope for planting trees. In order to harmonize plant color distribute, tall needle and broad leaf trees in the background as a screen, flowering trees were arranged in groups at front, and annuals were mass-planted along the footway. Natural-form-trees will be planted because they not only serve as a greenbelt but also are more economics in maintenance than formative trees.