• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.223-232
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• 1995

New two macrocyclic compounds using as carriers of liquid emulsion menbrame, have been synthesized. These reuslts provide evidance for the usefulness of the theory in designing the systems. The efficiency of selective transport for heavy metal ions have been discussed from the membrane systems that make use of $SCN^-$,<>,$I^-$,CN- and $Cl^-$ ion as co-anions in source phase and make use of $S_2O_3^{2-}$ and $P_2O_7^{4-}$ ion as receiving phase, respectively. The transport rate of M(II) was highest when a maximum amount of the M(II) in the source phase was present as$Cd(SCN)_2$$(P[SCN^-]= 0.40M)$, $Hg(SCN)_2([SCN^-]=0.40M)$ and Pd(CN)$([CN^-]= 0.40M)$. The Cd(II) and Pb(II) over each competitive cations were well transprted with 0.3M-S2032- and 0.3M-P2O74-, respectively in the receiving phase. Results of this study indicate that two criteria must be met in order to have effective macrocycle-mediated transport in these emulsion system. First one must effective extraction of the $M^{n+}$ into the toluene systems. The effectiveness of this extraction is the greatest if locK for $M^{n+}$macrocycle interaction is large and if the macrocycle is very insoluble in the aqueous phase. Second, the ratio of the locK values (or Mn+-receiving phase ($S_2O_3^{2-}$- or $P_2O_7^{4-}$) to $M^{n+}$-macrocycle (($L_1$이나 $L_2$) interaction must be large enough to ensure quantitative stripping of Mn+(($Cd^{2+}$,$Pb^{2+}$)at the toluene receiving Phase interface. $L_1$(3.5-benzo-10,13,18,21-tetraoxa-1,7,diazabicyclo(8,5,5) eicosan) forms a stable ($Cd^{2+}$ and >,$Pb^{2+}$ complexes and $L_1$ is very insoluble in water and its $Cd^{2+}$ and >,$Pb^{2+}$ complex is considerably less stable than $Cd^{2+}$-(S2O3)22- and $Pd^{2+}-P_2O_7^{4-}$ complexes. On the other hand, the stability of the $Hg^{2+}$)+-$L_1$( complex exceed that of the $Hg^{2+}$- (S2O3)22- and Hg2+-P2O74-, and the distribution coefficient of $L_2$(5,8,15,18,23,26-hexaoxa-1,12- diazabicyclo-(10,8,8) octacosane) is much smaller than that of $L_1$. Therefore, the partitioning of Lr is favored by the aqueous receiving Phase, and little heavy metal ions transport is seen despite the large logK for $Hg^{2+}$+-$L_1$ and $Mn^+$($Cd^{2+}$+, $Pb^{2+}$+ and $Hg^{2+}$)-$L_2$ interactions. Key Words : macrocycles, transport, heavy metal, co-anion, source phase, receiveing, complex separation, interaction, destribution coefficient.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.283-288
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• 2023

Severe chronic neutropenia is classified as severe congenital, cyclic, autoimmune, or idiopathic. However, there is a lot of uncertainty regarding the diagnosis of severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) and chronic idiopathic neutropenia, and this uncertainty affects further evaluations and treatments. A 20-year-old man presented with fever and knee abrasions after a bicycle accident. On admission, his initial absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was 30/µL. He had no medical history of persistent severe neutropenia with periodic oscillation of ANC. Although his fever resolved after appropriate antibiotic therapy, ANC remained at 80/µL. Bone marrow (BM) aspiration and biopsy were performed, and a BM smear showed myeloid maturation arrest. Moreover, genetic mutation test results showed a heterozygous missense variant in exon 4 of the neutrophil elastase ELANE: c597+1G>C (pV190-F199del). The patient was diagnosed with SCN. After discharge, we routinely checked his ANC level and monitored any signs of infection with minimum use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), considering its potential risk of leukemic transformation. Considering that SCN can be fatal, timely diagnosis and appropriate management with G-CSF are essential. We report the case of a patient with SCN caused by ELANE mutation who had atypical clinical manifestations. For a more accurate diagnosis and treatment of severe chronic neutropenia, further studies are needed to elucidate the various clinical features of ELANE.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.6.1-6.11
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• 2024

Background: Chronic bovine mastitis is linked to biofilm-producing Staphylococcus aureus (bp-Sa) or Staphylococcus coagulase-negative (bp-Scn). Objectives: Bp-Sa and bp-Scn were treated with intramammary preparations of either enrofloxacin HCl·2H₂O-dimethyl-sulfoxide-chitosan (enro-C/DMSO/chitosan) or enro-C alone. Their potential to inhibit and degrade biofilm formation in vitro was also assessed. Methods: Milk samples were obtained from the affected quarters in a herd. Phenotypical and genotypical identifications as biofilm-producing Staphylococcus species were carried out. Enro-C/DMSO/chitosan and enro-C alone were assessed to determine their in vitro efficacy in interfering with biofilm formation and their bactericidal effects. A prolonged eight-day treatment with a twice-daily intramammary insertion of 10 mL of enro-C/DMSO/chitosan or enro-C alone was set to evaluate the clinical and bacteriological cures on day 10 in 15 cows per group and the biofilm-inhibiting ability. Results: Fifty-seven percent of the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus spp., of which 50% were bp-Sa, 46% bp-Scn, and 4% Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. One hundred percent of the S. aureus isolated and 77% of Staphylococcus coagulase-negative were biofilm producers. In both groups, the icaA and icaD biofilm-producing genes were identified. The experimental preparation could inhibit biofilm formation, degrade mature biofilms, and have well-defined microbicidal effects on planktonic and biofilm bacteria. The respective clinical and bacteriological cure rates were 100% and 80% for enro-C/DMSO/chitosan and 41.7% and 25% for enro-C alone. Conclusions: Enro-C/DMSO/chitosan eliminates bp-Sa and bp-Scn from cases of chronic bovine mastitis.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.10
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• pp.909-912
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• 2010

Familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis is an autosomal-dominant channelopathy characterized by episodic muscle weakness with hypokalemia. The respiratory and cardiac muscles typically remain unaffected, but we report an atypical case of a family with hypokalemic periodic paralysis in which the affected members presented with frequent respiratory insufficiency during severe attacks. Molecular analysis revealed a heterozygous c.664 C>T transition in the sodium channel gene $SCN4A$, leading to an Arg222Trp mutation in the channel protein. The patients described here presented unusual clinical characteristics that included a severe respiratory phenotype, an incomplete penetrance in female carriers, and a different response to medications.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.45-52
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• 2020

Recently, a multi facility, multi product and multi period industrial problem has been widely investigated in Supply Chain Network(SCN). One of keys issues in the current SCN research area involves minimizing both production and distribution costs. This study deals with finding an optimal solution for minimizing the total cost of production and distribution problems in supply chain network. First, we presented an integrated mathematical model that satisfies the minimum cost in the supply chain. To solve the presented mathematical model, we used a genetic algorithm with an excellent searching ability for complicated solution space. To represent the given model effectively, the matrix based real-number coding schema is used. The difference rate of the objective function value for the termination condition is applied. Computational experimental results show that the real size problems we encountered can be solved within a reasonable time.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.231-236
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• 1995

Effects of sodium salts of various monovalent inorganic anions on transdermal permeation of salicylic acid were investigated. In in-vitro experiment using a Franz-type diffusion cell and excisicylic acid were investigated. In-vitro experiment using a Franze-type diffusion cell and excised mouse skin, the permeation-enhancing activities of the sodium salts of inoraganic anions were rougly proportional to lyotropic Hofmeister serlling abilities of the anions l F/sup -/

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 1992

The reactions of nitrous acid with hydrogen peroxide in acidic aqueous solution in the presence of several added anions have been studied at $0^{\circ}C$ and pH 2-4 to investigate the nucleophilic catalysis of these anions. From the dependence of reaction rates on the anion concentrations, significant catalytic effects were found for $Cl^-,\;Br^-,\;SCN^-$, in order of effect $SCN^-\;{\approx}\;Br^->Cl^-$, while no observable effect was found for ${ClO_4}^-$ and ${NO_3}^-$. These results support O-nitrosation reaction is the rate-determining step and NOX formed in the presence of an anion ($X^-$) also acts as a nitrosating agent and accelerates the overall reaction rate. The order of reactivity was found to be NOCl>NOBr>NOSCN, which is consistent with the results of N-nitrosation and S-nitrosation reactions.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.535-541
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• 1997

The effect of concentration of each solution( HCI, $H_2SO_4$ and $HNO_3$), scan rate and polished surface condition on the corrosion of AISI 304 Stainless Steel were investigated, utilizing the Method ASTM G5 - 87. It can be concluded that: 1) For the same concentration(i.e. 1N) of each solution the corrosion rate is the highest in HCI and lowest in $HNO_3$. Also, the difference of values of $i_{cirt}$ generated for each solution is significant. 2) As the concentration of the solution $H_2SO_4$ is increased (O.5N, 1N, 2N) the values of $E_{cor}$ $i_{crit}$ and $i_{p}$ are increased. 3) In case of existence of SCN ion of O.OlN, the values of iCTIt and ip generated are approximately 100 times and 1.4 times higher respectively, than in the case of non - existence of $SCN^{-}$. However the existence of $SCN^{-}$ doesn't affect the value of $E_{cor}$ and $E_{p}$. 4) The values of $i_{crit}$ and $i_{p}$ are increased due to the increase of scan rate. But the values of $E_{cor}$ and $E_{p}$ do not depend on the scan rate. 5) The $i_{p}$ value depends greatly on oxygen in the solution, but the changes in values of $E_{cor}$ $i_{crit}$ and $E_{b}$ due to the oxygen are insignificant. 6) If a component is polished using #400, #600 and #800 wet polish paper, the effect of surface condition on variations of values of $i_{crit}$ and $i_{p}$ is slightly significant.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.517-524
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• 2011

The effect on sow milk of variable levels of cassava in lactating sow diets was analyzed in an attempt to explain the beneficial effects reported by producers of including cassava as a basal feed. Twenty crossbred lactating sows were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments. The treatments were: i) broken rice (BR) as the basal feed (BR100), ii) 50% of BR replaced with cassava chip meal (CCM) (CM50), iii) 75% of BR replaced with CCM (CM75), iv) CCM as the basal feed (CM100), and v) dried boiled cassava chips (CCB) as the basal feed (CB100). The hydrocyanide (HCN) content of CCB was reduced to be intermediate between HCN in the no cassava (BR100) and the 50% cassava (CB50) diets. Hydrocyanide was 0.54, 3.24, 4.41, 5.43 and 1.77 ppm in the BR100, CM50, CM75, CM100 and CB100 diets, respectively. Increasing cassava did not affect feed intake (p>0.05), but increased HCN intake (p<0.01). Milk composition was analyzed for protein, fat, lactose, solids not fat (SNF) and total solids (TS). Milk quality was analyzed for total microbes, coliform bacteria, thiocyanate ($SCN^-$), lactoperoxidase (LPO), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. At farrowing, sow milk composition was not affected by experimental diets (p>0.05), but milk $SCN^-$ increased as the intake of HCN increased in sows diets (p<0.01), $r^2$ = 0.96. At mid-lactation (day 14), milk composition was not affected (p>0.05). The milk quality levels of $SCN^-$ were 9.4, 10.3, 10.5, 11.6 and 9.1 ppm for the BR100, CM50, CM75, CM100 and CB100 diets, respectively (p = 0.01). The LPO contents were 16.41, 42.13, 51.42, 53.94 and 22.81 unit/L, respectively (p = 0.03). There was no GPx activity found in sow milk. When BR was replaced with cassava meal, total microbes and coliforms were reduced 78% and 87%, respectively, by the influences of HCN. The reported beneficial effects of cassava chip meal as a basal feed in lactating sow diets is manifested by improved performance of suckling pigs. This is due to beneficial, non-toxic levels of HCN in the diets. Besides passing HCN to suckling pigs in the form of $SCN^-$, sow milk may also benefit suckling pigs with the observed (day 14) increase in lactoperoxidase content and reduction in coliform bacteria.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.207-211
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• 2001

The crystal structure of the title complex, Cd(SCN)₂{CH/sub 6/H/sub 10/(NH₂)₂}₂(1) has been analyzed by X-ray single crystallography. The complex 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system P2₁/ space group with a=11.842(2), b=7.926(2), c=11.291(2) Å, β=106.73(3)°V=1014.8(4)Ų, Z=2, R₁=0.0518 and ωR₂=0.1315 for 1775 independent reflections. The central Cd(II) atom of this com-plex has a slightly distorted octahedral coordination geometry, with the 1,2-Diaminocyclohexane ligands functioning as an N,N'-bidentate and the thiocyanate ligands bonding through the sulfur atom in a trans arrangement.