• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.72-77
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• 2000

A proper pathologic diagnosis of small cell lung cancer(SCLC) is essential for the application of aggressive treatment modalities. However, various authors have suggested several subtypes of SCLC based on morphological features. Among them, the incidence of small cell lung cancer(SCLC) combined with squamous cell and/or adenocarcinoma, represents less than 1% to 3% of all SCLC tumors. Because of the rarity of SCLC combined with squamous cell and/or adenocarcinoma, very little is known about its clinical characteristics and response to therapy. We report a case of SCLC combined with squamous cell and adenocarcinoma in a 68 year old male who experienced pneumonectomy of the left lung.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.19
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• pp.8429-8433
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• 2014

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are believed to be particularly important and a reliable marker of malignancy. However, the prognostic significance of CTCs detected in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is still unclear. We therefore aimed to assess the prognostic relevance of CTCs using a meta-analysis. We searched PubMed for relevant studies and statistical analyses were conducted to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using fixed or random-effect models according to the heterogeneity of included studies. A total of 7 papers covering 440 SCLC patients were combined in the final analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that CTCs were significantly associated with shorter overall survival (HR=1.9; 95%CI: 1.19-3.04; Z=2.67; P<0.0001) and progression-free survival (HR=2.6; 95%CI: 1.9-3.54; Z=6.04; P<0.0001). The results thus suggest that the presence of CTCs indicates a poor prognosis in patients with SCLC. Further well-designed prospective studies are required to explore the clinical applications of CTCs in SCLC.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.587-611
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• 2017

This study focused on the influences regarding the use of polyepoxide-based polymer and silica fume (SF) on the fresh and hardened state properties of self-compacting lightweight concrete (SCLC) along with their impacts on electrical resistance and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV). To do so, two series of compositions each of which consists of twelve mixes, with water to binder (W/B) ratios of 0.35 and 0.4 were cast. Three different silica fume/binder ratios of 0, 5%, and 10% were considered along with four different polymer/binder ratios of 0, 5%, 10%, and 15%. Afterwards, the rupture modulus, tensile strength, 14-day, 28-day, and 90-day compressive strength, the UPV and the electrical resistance of the mixes were tested. The results indicated that although the use of polymer could enhance the passing and filling abilities, it could lead to a decrease of segregation resistance. In addition, the interaction of the SF and the polymeric contents enhanced the workability. However, the impacts regarding the use of polymeric contents on fresh state properties of SCLC were more prevalent than those regarding the use of SF. Besides the fresh state properties, the durability and mechanical properties of the mixes were affected due to the use of polymeric and SF contents. In other words, the use of the SF and the polymer enhanced the durability and mechanical properties of SCLC specimens.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.275-278
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• 2017

Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is a cancer that shows aggressive behavior, early spread to distant sites, and frequent association with distinct paraneoplastic syndromes. Spontaneous remission of cancer, particularly of SCLC, is a rare biological event. Cases involving spontaneous regression of SCLC were reported, and were associated with paraneoplastic syndromes of the nervous system. This article reports on a 78-year-old man with SCLC in remission, with neurological symptoms. The patient visited the hospital because of generalized weakness, and imaging studies revealed a mass in the lower lobe of the left lung, pathological evaluation showed SCLC. The patient refused oncologic treatment and was treated only with conservative care. In follow-up study the diameter of the mass had decreased from initial 32 mm, 9 months after admission to 20 mm, 17 months after admission to 13 mm. The patient kept complaining of generalized weakness, dizziness, and paresthesia of limbs. We assumed that, in this case, the spontaneous remission of lung cancer was related to the immunologic response directed against the tumor, which is believed to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.470-477
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• 2022

Background: Upfront surgery followed by systemic treatment is recommended to treat clinical stage I-IIA small cell lung cancer (SCLC), but data on the clinical outcomes are sparse. Thus, this study evaluated the stage migration and long-term prognosis of surgically treated clinical stage I-IIA SCLC. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 49 patients with clinical stage I-IIA SCLC who underwent upfront surgery between 2000 and 2020. Additionally, we re-evaluated the TNM (tumor-node-metastasis) staging according to the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for lung cancer. Results: The clinical stages of SCLC were cIA in 75.5%, cIB in 18.4%, and cIIA in 6.1% of patients. A preoperative histologic diagnosis was made in 65.3% of patients. Lobectomy and systematic lymph node dissection were performed in 77.6% and 83.7% of patients, respectively. The pathological stages were pI in 67.3%, pII in 24.5%, pIII in 4.1%, and pIV in 4.1% of patients. The concordance rate between clinical and pathological stages was 44.9%, and the upstaging rate was 49.0%. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 67.8%. No significant difference in OS was found between stages pI and pII. However, the OS for stages pIII/IV was significantly worse than for stages pI/II (p<0.001). Conclusion: In clinical stage I-IIA SCLC, approximately half of the patients were pathologically upstaged, and OS was favorable after upfront surgery, particularly in pI/II patients. The poor prognosis of pIII/IV patients indicates the necessity of intensive preoperative pathologic mediastinal staging.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.327.2-327.2
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• 2016

유기물/무기물 나노 복합체를 이용한 전자 소자는 간단한 공정과 고집적 및 플렉시블 응용 가능성으로 차세대 전자 소자로서 응용 연구가 많이 시도되고 있다. 무기물의 경우 전하 전송 메커니즘과 전기적 특성에 영향을 미치는 다양한 요인들에 대한 연구가 많이 진행되었지만 유기물의 경우 소자의 특성에 집적적으로 영향을 미치는 요인들에 대한 이론적 연구가 미흡하다. 본 연구에서는 금속/유기물 경계면의 전하전송, 트랩밀도 및 전하 이동도가 소자의 전기적 특성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 분석하였다. 유기 메모리 소자의 전하 전송 메커니즘을 분석하기 위해 PMMA에 나노 입자를 분산시킨 유기-나노 복합층을 사용하여 유기 메모리 소자를 제작하였고 SCLC 이론을 이용하여 전기적 특성을 분석하였다. 또한 전극과 유기-나노 복합층 사이에 C60 층을 삽입하여 트랩밀도와 전하이동도가 유기물 전자 소자에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지에 대한 이론적인 연구를 하였다. SCLC 이론을 이용하여 계산한 current density -voltage (J-V) 특성 이론값과 실험값의 비교 분석으로 유기물전자 소자의 전기적 동작 특성에 대한 메커니즘을 규명하였으며, 유기물 메모리 소자에서 트랩밀도와 분포가 전기적 특성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1195-1199
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• 1998

Bafckground: Thr role and indication of surgery in the treatment of small cell lung cancer(SCLC) is currently limited and unsettled. Material and Method: We analyzed the surgical results of 9 patients with SCLC at Yosei Medical Center from January 1990 to December 1996. There were 8 males and 1 female, and their mean age was 57.2 years (range; 35-76). Preoperatively SCLC was confirmed in 5, but the other 4 cases were diagnosed as undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma. All patients underwent pulmoinary resection(lobectomy;5, lobectomy, segmentectomy and en-bloc resection of rib;1, bilobectomy; 2, pneumonectomy;1) and mediastinal lymph node dissection. Results: There were no operative mortality with two complications(postoperative bleeding;1, arrhythmia;1). All cases were diagnosed as SCLC histologically and their TNM staging were confirmed as follows: T1N0M0;1, T2N0M0;4, T3N0M0;1, T3N1M0;1, T2N2M0; 1, T4N0M0;1. All patients had received postoperative chemotherapy, and radiotherapy was combined in 4 patients. During follow up period(range 1-63 months; mean 33.0months), there was only one metastasis to pelvic bone among 8 patients without lymph node metastasis, and all patients were alive. On the other hand, among 3 patients who had regional and/or mediastinal lymph node metastasis or T4 lesion, all patients had recurrences(local;2, brain;1), and 2 patients died. Conclusion: We suggest that the use of TNM staging is beneficial, and surgical resection should be recommended in the patients with early staged SCLC as an important treatment modality.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.903-915
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• 1996

Background: Combination chemotherapy is now considered to be the cornerstone of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). management but the optimal management of limited SCLC is not well defined. The role of thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) is less well established. Recent meta-analyses reports revealed that TRT combined with chemotherapy produce "good" local control and prolonged survival. But other reports that survival was not changed. The liming, dose, volume and fractionation for TRT with the combined chemotherapy of SCLC remains unsettled. In this study, we analyzed the effects according to the timing of thoracic radiotherapy in limited SCLC. Method: All fifty one patients received cytoxan, adriamycin and vincristine(CAV) alternating with etoposide and cisplatin(VPP) every 3 weeks for 6 cycles were randomized prospectively into two groups: concurrent and sequential. 27 patients received 4500cGy in 30 fractions(twice daily 150cGy fractional dose) over 3 weeks 10 the primary site concurrent with the first cycle of VPP(concurrent gorup). 24 patients received 4000 to 5000cGy over 5 or 6 weeks after completion of sixth cycles of chemotherapy(sequential group). Results: 1. Response rates and response duration : Response rates were not significantly different between two groups(p=0.13). But response duration was superior in the concurrent group(p=0.03). 2. Survival duration was nor different between two groups(p=0.33). 3. Local control rate was superior in the concurrent group(p=0.00). 4. Side effects and toxicities: Hematologic toxicities, especially leukopenia, infection and frequency of radiation esophagitis were higher in the concurrent group (p=0.00, 0.03, 0.03). Conclusion: The concurrent use of TRT with chemotherapy failed to improve the survival of limited stage SCLC patients compared with the sequential use of TRT but response duration and local control rate were superior in the concurrent group. Frequency of radiation esophagitis, life threatening hematologic toxicities and infection were more frequent in the concurrent group than sequential group. So, the selection of an optimal schedule of chemotherapy combined with TRT that would lead to a major increase in survival with minimal toxicity is remained to be validated in large scale study in the future.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.1031-1035
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• 1996

International Ass ciation for the Study of Lung Cancer(IASLC) recommended the following classification of small cell lung carcinoma(SCLC) : (1) Small cell carcinoma (2) Mixed small cell/large cell carcinoma (3) Combined small cell carcinoma. Combined small cell carcinomas contain a squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma component. The prognostic significance of these elements is not known, but since the frequency and extent of non-small cell elements are considerably greater in posttherapy and autopsy tissues, it is possible that the non-SCLC elements are more resistant to therapy than the SCLC cells. Metaplasia & dysplasia of the bronchial surface epithelium are frequently observed in the bronchial biopsy specimens that contain small cell carcinoma of the lung. We report a case of combined small cell carcinoma with squamous element associated with microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of the bronchial surface epithelium in 68 year old male patient, stage was IIIa. The two lesion are not connected n serial sections.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4703-4706
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• 2012

Objective: To compare efficacy and safety profile of vinorelbine, ifosfamide and cisplatin (NIP) with etoposide and cisplatin (EP) in the treatment of advanced combined small cell lung cancer (c-SCLC). Methods: From January 2006 to December 2010, 176 patients with advanced c-SCLC were enrolled. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) and the secondary endpoints were progression free survival (PFS), response rate (RR) and toxicity. Results: Overall RR was 30.0% in the NIP and 38.5% in the EP group; there was no significant difference (P=0.236). The PFS in the EP group was little longer than that of NIP group, with 6.5 months for EP and 6.0 months for NIP group, but the difference was statistically non-significant (P=0.163). The median OS and one year survival rates were 10.4 months and 36.3% for NIP group, and 10.8 months and 49.0% for EP respectively, EP showing a survival benefit, although this was not statistically significant. Both groups well tolerated the adverse effects. The incidence of grade I-II leucopenia and alopecia in the NIP group was significantly higher than that of EP group (32.5% vs. 10.4% (P<0.001, 35.0% vs. 12.5%, P<0.001). Conclusion: the ORR, PFS and OS in NIP were slightly inferior to traditional regimen EP. The toxicity of NIP can be considered tolerable. The usage of three drugs combination in the treatment of mixed SCLC remains uncertain. Nevertheless, the results need to be further confirmed by large, prospective clinical trials.