• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.102-110
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• 2023

Wastewater Based Epidemiology (WBE) provides useful information not only on the use of illegal drugs in the community, but also on the presence of hygiene and health products and infectious pathogens in sewage facilities. As a consequence of the SARS-CoV-19 virus epidemic in 2019, monitoring the status of the infection is of utmost importance. SARS-CoV-19 was also detected in sewage, and the number and trend of infections in the community suggest that the application of the WBE system would be useful and appropriate. This study introduces a pre-treatment concentration method including viruses in sewage samples. A total of seven methods which were subdivided into methods for adsorption-extraction, ultra-filtration, PEG precipitation, and ultra-centrifugation, and the results for analyzing the recovery rates were included. Meanwhile, it is necessary to pay attention to rapid detection technologies which analyze infectious pathogens at the site of sewage facilities. These can include ELISA, FTIR, SERS, and biosensor based on the detection principle, and the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of each were summarized herein. If rapid detection technologies and accurate quantitative analyses are further developed, the use of sewage mechanics in response to pandemic viruses is expected to expand further.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.136-139
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• 2024

Rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome that causes various complications due to the release of substances from muscle cells, often associated with preceding infectious diseases. We report the case of a 7-year-old Korean boy with recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, presenting with fever, chills, and generalized body aches, diagnosed as rhabdomyolysis. Additionally, we conducted a systematic review with the aim of delineating the disease spectrum, treatment, and outcomes. We identified seven reports that met the inclusion criteria. Among the cases, 5 had fever, with creatine kinase levels ranging from 3,717 and 274,664 IU/L. Two individuals received treatment in intensive care unit, 2 underwent renal replacement therapy, and 1 case has deceased. For children with coronavirus disease 2019 infection and muscle pain, a thorough examination of urine color and an assessment of muscle enzymes through blood tests can help diagnose and treat rhabdomyolysis, a condition that might otherwise be overlooked.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.5.1-5.22
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• 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has developed as a pandemic, and it created an outrageous effect on the current healthcare and economic system throughout the globe. To date, there is no appropriate therapeutics or vaccines against the disease. The entire human race is eagerly waiting for the development of new therapeutics or vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Efforts are being taken to develop vaccines at a rapid rate for fighting against the ongoing pandemic situation. Amongst the various vaccines under consideration, some are either in the preclinical stage or in the clinical stages of development (phase-I, -II, and -III). Even, phase-III trials are being conducted for some repurposed vaccines like Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, polio vaccine, and measles-mumps-rubella. We have highlighted the ongoing clinical trial landscape of the COVID-19 as well as repurposed vaccines. An insight into the current status of the available antigenic epitopes for SARS-CoV-2 and different types of vaccine platforms of COVID-19 vaccines has been discussed. These vaccines are highlighted throughout the world by different news agencies. Moreover, ongoing clinical trials for repurposed vaccines for COVID-19 and critical factors associated with the development of COVID-19 vaccines have also been described.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.7.1-7.19
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• 2024

Viral load and the duration of viral shedding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are important determinants of the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019. In this study, we examined the effects of viral doses on the lung and spleen of K18-hACE2 transgenic mice by temporal histological and transcriptional analyses. Approximately, 1×10⁵ plaque-forming units (PFU) of SARS-CoV-2 induced strong host responses in the lungs from 2 days post inoculation (dpi) which did not recover until the mice died, whereas responses to the virus were obvious at 5 days, recovering to the basal state by 14 dpi at 1×10² PFU. Further, flow cytometry showed that number of CD8+ T cells continuously increased in 1×10² PFU-virus-infected lungs from 2 dpi, but not in 1×10⁵ PFU-virus-infected lungs. In spleens, responses to the virus were prominent from 2 dpi, and number of B cells was significantly decreased at 1×10⁵ PFU; however, 1×1² PFU of virus induced very weak responses from 2 dpi which recovered by 10 dpi. Although the defense responses returned to normal and the mice survived, lung histology showed evidence of fibrosis, suggesting sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our findings indicate that specific effectors of the immune response in the lung and spleen were either increased or depleted in response to doses of SARS-CoV-2. This study demonstrated that the response of local and systemic immune effectors to a viral infection varies with viral dose, which either exacerbates the severity of the infection or accelerates its elimination.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.23-35
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• 2022

Recently, passengers using public transport are concerned about the effects of COVID-19 and fine dust. Therefore, from February 2020 to February 2021, we investigated whether SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected even after disinfection in 55 public transportation places visited by confirmed patients in Seoul. 34 air samples and 702 object surface samples were collected and tested with RT-PCR, one surface sample was positive. In addition, preemptive investigations were conducted in 22 subway trains that passengers were being on board at that time. 1,018 preemptive tests were performed, and all were negative. Although PM-2.5 is dangerous in itself, it can be a potential carrier of viruses. It seemed that a solution was needed as one line continuously exceeded the criteria of PM-2.5. Through this study, it is judged that cluster infection in public transportation can be prevented if efforts to reduce the concentration of fine dust, appropriate disinfection management, and personal disinfection such as wearing a mask in public transportations.

• The Science & Technology
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• no.4 s.419
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• pp.100-101
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• 2004

전국이‘조류 독감’이라는 낯선 전염병으로 몸살을 앓고 있다. 오리와 닭을 키우는 농가와 유통산업이 무너지고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 일반인들도 혹시나 우리에게 치명적인 전염병으로 번지지 않을까 두려움에 떨고 있는 것이 사실이다. 1년 전에 광동에서 번지기 시작했던 SARS(급성 중증 호흡기 증후군)과 미국의 광우병 소식을 채 잊기도 전이니 당연한 일이다. 일부에서는 물질 문명에 너무 젖어서 자연을 무시해왔던 현대 인류에게 내린 자연의 보복이 시작된 것이라고 호들갑을 떨기도 하는 모양이다.

• 월간산업보건
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• s.195
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• pp.61-62
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• 2004

AIDS, SARS 등 세계적 규모로 발생하여 인류의 커다란 희생을 치르게 한 현대의 감염증의 병원체에 대한 갖가지 연구는 인류역사상 공존 할 수밖에 없는 변함없는 과제이기도 하다. 이러한 현대의 감염증에 대한 기초지식은 감염증 위협속에서 살아가고 있는 우리들에게 중요한 정보라고 판단되어 일본 "노동위생자"를 참고하여 소개한다.

• 월간산업보건
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• s.194
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• pp.41-42
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• 2004

AIDS, SARS 등 세계적 규모로 발생하여 인류의 커다란 희생을 치르게 한 현대의 감염증의 병원체에 대한 갖가지 연구는 인류역사상 공존 할 수밖에 없는 변함없는 과제이기도 하다. 이러한 현대의 감염증에 대한 기초지식은 감염증 위협속에서 살아가고 있는 우리들에게 중요한 정보라고 판단되어 일본 "노동위생자"를 참고하여 소개한다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.117-118
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• 2020

• 월간산업보건
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• s.199
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• pp.40-41
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• 2004

AIDS, SARS 등 세계적 규모로 발생하여 인류의 커다란 희생을 치르게 한 현대의 감염증의 병원체에 대한 갖가지 연구는 인류역사상 공존 할 수밖에 없는 변함없는 과제이기도 하다. 이러한 현대의 감염증에 대한 기초지식은 감염증 위협속에서 살아가고 있는 우리들에게 중요한 정보라고 판단되어 일본 "노동위생자"를 참고하여 소개한다.