• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.27.1-27.15
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• 2023

Background: The relationships between the postpartum subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) occurrence and predicted bacterial functions during the periparturient period are still not clear in Holstein cows. Objectives: The present study was performed to investigate the alterations of rumen fermentation, bacterial community structure, and predicted bacterial functional pathways in Holstein cows. Methods: Holstein cows were divided into the SARA (n = 6) or non-SARA (n = 4) groups, depending on whether they developed SARA during the first 2 weeks after parturition. Reticulo-ruminal pH was measured continuously during the study period. Reticulo-ruminal fluid samples were collected 3 weeks prepartum, and 2 and 6 weeks postpartum, and blood samples were collected 3 weeks before, 0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks postpartum. Results: The postpartum decline in 7-day mean reticulo-ruminal pH was more severe and longer-lasting in the SARA group compared with the non-SARA group. Changes in predicted functional pathways were identified in the SARA group. A significant upregulation of pathway "PWY-6383" associated with Mycobacteriaceae species was identified at 3 weeks after parturition in the SARA group. Significantly identified pathways involved in denitrification (DENITRIFICATION-PWY and PWY-7084), detoxification of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (PWY1G-0), and starch degradation (PWY-622) in the SARA group were downregulated. Conclusions: The postpartum SARA occurrence is likely related to the predicted functions of rumen bacterial community rather than the alterations of rumen fermentation or fluid bacterial community structure. Therefore, our result suggests the underlying mechanisms, namely functional adaptation of bacterial community, causing postpartum SARA in Holstein cows during the periparturient period.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1181-1188
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate protein expression patterns of liver in response to subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) induced by high-concentrate diet. Sixteen healthy mid-lactating goats were randomly divided into 2 groups and fed either a high-forage (HF) diet or a high-concentrate (HC) diet. The HC diet was expected to induce SARA. After ensuring the occurrence of SARA, liver samples were collected. Proteome analysis with differential in gel electrophoresis technology revealed that, 15 proteins were significantly modulated in liver in a comparison between HF and HC-fed goats. These proteins were found mainly associated with metabolism and energy transfer after identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight. The results indicated that glucose, lipid and protein catabolism could be enhanced when SARA occurred. It prompted that glucose, lipid and amine acid in the liver mainly participated in oxidation and energy supply when SARA occurred, which possibly consumed more precursors involved in milk protein and milk fat synthesis. These results suggest new candidate proteins that may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms that mediate liver adaptation to SARA.

• BMB Reports
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.328-333
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• 2005

A human homologue of Sar1, named Sara2, was shown to be preferentially expressed during erythropoiesis in a culture stimulated by EPO. Previous studies, in yeast, have shown that secretion-associated and Ras-related protein (Sar1p) plays an essential role in protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. Here, we report the molecular analysis of Sara2 in erythroid cell culture. A 1250 bp long cDNA, encoding a 198 amino-acid protein very similar to Sar1 proteins from other organisms, was obtained. Furthermore, we also report a functional study of Sara2 with Real-time quantitative PCR analysis, demonstrating that expression of Sara2 mRNA increases during the initial stages of erythroid differentiation with EPO and that a two-fold increase in expression occurs following the addition of hydroxyurea (HU). In K562 cells, Sara2 mRNA was observed to have a constant expression and the addition of HU also up-regulated the expression in these cells. Our results suggest that Sara2 is an important gene in processes involving proliferation and differentiation and could be valuable for understanding the vesicular transport system during erythropoiesis.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2013

본 시험은 젖소 4두에 대하여 제1위체류형 센서(Indwelling probe)를 정치시키고 이를 이용하여 아급성제1위과산증(SARA)의 강도를 조사함과 동시에 pH가 혈 중 내독소(Lipopolysaccharide; LPS)의 농도에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 비섬유성탄수화물(Non-fiber carbohydrates, NFC)을 기준으로 적정 수준의 NFC를 포함하고 있는 정상 사료군(Normal diet, ND)과, 아급성제1위과산증(Subacute ruminal acidosis, SARA) 유발가능 사료군(Acidogenic diet, AD)의 2개 처리구에 각 2두씩 배치하여 Cross-over 설계로 사양실험을 반복 실시하였다. 제1위체류형 센서는 장시간에 걸친 제1위 내 pH의 변화를 추적하는 데 효과적이었다. 얻어진 결과에서 AD 급여는 반추위내용물의 pH를 낮추는 데 커다란 영향을 주었으며, 반추위 내 pH의 저하는 혈 중 LPS의 농도가 증가로 이어짐을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 혈 중 LPS 농도는 급성 또는 만성형을 불문하고 과산증을 확인하는 지표로 사용 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 착유우용 사료첨가물로 많이 이용되는 소디움벤토나이트(NaB)와 프로필렌글리콜(PG)의 급여는 반추위 내 pH의 저하를 완충시켜 궁극적으로 SARA의 강도를 완화시키고 혈 중 Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 농도의 증가를 줄여 줌으로써 내독소에 의해 발생하기 쉬운 제엽염 등의 부작용을 완화시키는 데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2001

본 논문은 지상회선과 위성회선의 파일 전송을 위하여 CSDN 접속의 지상회선 모델인 SARA(System ARchitec’ Apprentice)모델에 위성회선을 추가하여 확장된 시뮬레이터를 제안하고 두 회선의 파일전송 효율에 대하여 해석하였다. 위성전송에서 파일전송의 효율을 평가하기 위하여 해석적 방법과 제안된 시뮬레이터로서 파일전송의 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 이때 적용된 전송파라미터는 단위 메시지 길이와 파일의 전송시간, 체인 레코드 수와 전송시간으로 하여 위성회선의 최적 메시지 길이를 평가하였다. 평가 결과는 위성회선에서 단위 메시지 길이를 512바이트 보다 짧게 하면 파일 전송시간은 극단적으로 길게 되며,1024바이트로 했을 때 최소로 되고 2048바이트부터 급격하게 증가되었다. 이 결과에서 최적 단위 메시지길이는 1024바이트 부근이라는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2016

PURPOSE: This study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of Tetrax on balance dysfunction caused by ataxia in cerebellar stroke. METHODS: A total of thirty subjects with cerebellar stroke were recruited. The participants was divided into two groups, the experimental (n=15) and the control group (n=15). Tetrax training and conventional physical therapy (CPT) were performed in experimental group, whereas the patients in the control group were treated with CPT twice a day. Each session of the Tetrax and CPT was carried out for 30 minutes, 5 times per week for 4 weeks. Korean version of the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (K-SARA) was the primary outcome measure, and the secondary outcomes covered Berg balance scale (BBS), falling index (FI), Timed up and go (TUG), and modified Barthel index of Korean version (K-MBI). All outcome measures were evaluated before and after 4 weeks. RESULTS: K-SARA was decreased significantly after 4 weeks intervention in both the experimental (p<.05) and the control group (p<.05). Furthermore, the experimental group produced significantly better outcomes in K-SARA, BBS, FI, and TUG compared with the control group (p=.012, p=.027, p=.008, and p=.048). There were significant correlations between K-SARA and BBS, FI, TUG, and K-MBI (p<.001, p<.001, p=.004, and p<.001). CONCLUSION: The restoration of ataxia was related with the improvement of the balance, falling risk, mobility, and activity of daily living. Tetrax training was effectively aided recovery of ataxia after cerebellar stroke.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.1042-1051
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• 2018

Objectives: This study evaluates the effect of Korean medicine in a patient with multiple system atrophy-C (MSA-C). Methods: A patient diagnosed with MSA-C was treated with herbal medicine (Boyangwhano-tang hap Yeokgan-san), acupuncture, and moxibustion for 8 weeks. Clinical improvements were evaluated by the unified MSA rating scale (UMSARS) and the scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA). Results: Improvements in the total scores of UMSARS Part I, II, and IV and SARA were observed after Korean medicine treatments. However, there were no improvements to the urinary and autonomic dysfunctions. Conclusions: Korean medicine treatment may be an effective treatment for a degenerative, progressive disease like MSA-C.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2005년도 학술발표회(1)
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• pp.210-211
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• 2005

• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 2008년도 International Meeting of the Microbiological Society of Korea
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• pp.17-17
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• 2008

• 오리마을
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• 통권151호
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• pp.42-45
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• 2016