• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.15.1-15.7
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• 2023

Objectives: This study evaluated the efficiency of WaveOne Primary files (Dentsply Sirona) for removing root canal fillings with 2 types of movement: reciprocating (RCP) and continuous counterclockwise rotation (CCR). Materials and Methods: Twenty mandibular incisors were prepared with a RCP instrument (25.08) and filled using the Tagger hybrid obturation technique. The teeth were retreated with a WaveOne Primary file and randomly allocated to 2 experimental retreatment groups (n = 10) according to movement type: RCP and CCR. The root canals were emptied of filling material in the first 3 steps of insertion, until reaching the working length. The timing of retreatment and procedure errors were recorded for all samples. The specimens were scanned before and after the retreatment procedure with micro-computed tomography to calculate the percentage and volume (mm³) of the residual filling material. The results were statistically evaluated using paired and independent t-tests, with a significance level set at 5%. Results: No significant difference was found in the timing of filling removal between the groups, with a mean of 322 seconds (RCP) and 327 seconds (CCR) (p < 0.05). There were 6 instrument fractures: 1 in a RCP motion file and 5 in continuous rotation files. The volumes of residual filling material were similar (9.94% for RCP and 15.94% for CCR; p > 0.05). Conclusions: The WaveOne Primary files used in retreatment performed similarly in both RCP and CCR movements. Neither movement type completely removed the obturation material, but the RCP movement provided greater safety.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제86권3호
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• pp.216-225
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• 2023

Background: Tuberculosis (TB)-related stigma has been well-documented. Since the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), different organizations have been alerted to the fact that stigma could arise again. Due to stigma's negative effects, this qualitative study aimed to explore the stigma felt by patients by evaluating the following: COVID-19 stigma and its temporal progression through the pandemic; stigma perceived by different patients with TB before and during COVID-19 pandemic; and difference perceived by individuals who contracted both diseases. Methods: A semi-structured interview was developed according to the available literature on the theme. It was performed individually in 2022 upon receiving signed informed consent. Participants were recruited with a purposive sampling approach by searching medical records. Those who currently or previously had pulmonary TB and/or COVID-19 were included. Data were subjected to thematic analysis. Results: Nine patients were interviewed, including six (66.7%) females. The median age of patients was 51±14.7 years. Four participants (44.4%) had completed high school and four (44.4%) were never smokers. Three had both TB and COVID-19. Four only had TB and two only had COVID-19. Interviews identified eight main themes: knowledge and beliefs, with several misconceptions identified; attitudes towards the disease, varying from social support to exclusion; knowledge and education, assumed as of extreme importance; internalized stigma, with self-rejection; experienced stigma, with discrimination episodes; anticipated stigma, modifying actions for avoiding stigma; perceived stigma, with judgment by others prevailed; and temporal evolution of stigma. Conclusion: Individuals expressed strong stigma for both diseases. De-stigmatization of respiratory infectious diseases is crucial for limiting stigma's negative impact.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.41.1-41.17
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• 2023

Objectives: This scientometric and bibliometric analysis explored scientific publications related to hydraulic calcium silicate-based (HCSB) sealers used in endodontology, aiming to describe basic bibliometric indicators and analyze current research trends. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in Web of Science and Scopus using specific HCSB sealer and general endodontic-related terms. Basic research parameters were collected, including publication year, authorship, countries, institutions, journals, level of evidence, study design and topic of interest, title terms, author keywords, citation counts, and density. Results: In total, 498 articles published in 136 journals were retrieved for the period 2008-2023. Brazil was the leading country, and the universities of Bologna in Italy and Sao Paolo in Brazil were represented equally as leading institutions. The most frequently occurring keywords were "calcium silicate," "root canal sealer MTA-Fillapex," and "biocompatibility," while title terms such as "calcium," "sealers," "root," "canal," "silicate based," and "endodontic" occurred most often. According to the thematic map analysis, "solubility" appeared as a basic theme of concentrated research interest, and "single-cone technique" was identified as an emerging, inadequately developed theme. The co-occurrence analysis revealed 4 major clusters centered on sealers' biological and physicochemical properties, obturation techniques, retreatability, and adhesion. Conclusions: This analysis presents bibliographic features and outlines changing trends in HCSB sealer research. The research output is dominated by basic science articles scrutinizing the biological and specific physicochemical properties of commonly used HCSB sealers. Future research needs to be guided by studies with a high level of evidence that utilize innovative, sophisticated technologies.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.26.1-26.12
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• 2023

Objective: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effects of different whitening toothpastes on a composite resin during at-home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide. Materials and Methods: Sixty samples (7 mm × 2 mm) were used for color and roughness analyses, while another 60 samples (3 mm × 2 mm) were utilized to assess microhardness. The factors analyzed included toothpaste, for which 5 options with varying active agents were tested (distilled water; conventional toothpaste; whitening toothpaste with abrasive agents; whitening toothpaste with abrasive and chemical agents; and whitening toothpaste with abrasive, chemical, and bleaching agents). Brushing and application of whitening gel were performed for 14 days. Surface microhardness (SMH), surface roughness (Ra), and color (ΔL^*, Δa^*, Δb, ΔE^*_ab, and ΔE₀₀) were analyzed. The Ra and SMH data were analyzed using mixed generalized linear models for repeated measures, while the color results were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests. Results: Between the initial and final time points, all groups demonstrated significant increases in Ra and reductions in SMH. No significant differences were found between groups for SMH at the final time point, at which all groups differed from the distilled water group. Conventional toothpaste exhibited the lowest Ra, while whitening toothpaste with abrasive agent had the highest value. No significant differences were observed in ΔL^*, Δa^*, and Δb. Conclusions: While toothpaste composition did not affect the color stability and microhardness of resin composite, combining toothbrushing with whitening toothpaste and at-home bleaching enhanced the change in Ra.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.178-203
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• 2024

Constipation, which refers to difficulties in defecation and infrequent bowel movement in emptying the gastrointestinal system that ultimately produces hardened fecal matters, is a health concern in livestock and aging animals. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of dairy-isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains to alleviate constipation as an alternative therapeutic intervention for constipation treatment in the aging model. Rats were aged via daily subcutaneous injection of D-galactose (600 mg/body weight [kg]), prior to induction of constipation via oral administration of loperamide hydrochloride (5 mg/body weight [kg]). LAB strains (L. fermentum USM 4189 or L. plantarum USM 4187) were administered daily via oral gavage (1 × 10 Log CFU/day) while the control group received sterile saline. Aged rats as shown with shorter telomere lengths exhibited increased fecal bulk and soften fecal upon administration of LAB strains amid constipation as observed using the Bristol Stool Chart, accompanied by a higher fecal moisture content as compared to the control (p < 0.05). Fecal water-soluble metabolite profiles showed a reduced concentration of threonine upon administration of LAB strains compared to the control (p < 0.05). Histopathological analysis also showed that the administration of LAB strains contributed to a higher colonic goblet cell count as compared to the control (p < 0.05). The present study illustrates the potential of dairy-sourced LAB strains as probiotics to ameliorate the adverse effect of constipation amid aging, and as a potential dietary intervention strategy for dairy foods including yogurt and cheese.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.565-575
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• 2010

배경: 이식편을 개발함에 있어서 숙주의 면역반응을 최소화하여 보다 더 오래 사용할 수 있게 하기위한 방법으로 무세포화에 대한 연구가 시행되고 있다. 저자들은 소 심낭의 무세포화의 과정에 효소제인 트립신 전처치가 물리역학적, 조직학적으로 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 소 심낭편을 SDS와 Triton X-100 또는 N-lauroylsarcosinate와 Triton X-100으로 무세포화하는 것을 기본으로 한 군들과 0.1% 트립신/0.1% EDTA로 전처치를 추가한 군들에서 장력 검사를 실시하고, 생체 이식 후의 상태를 가정한 피로도 검사를 전후로 하여 투과도와 유순도는 검사하였고, 피로도 검사 전후로 조직학적인 변화를 광학현미경 및 전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 결과: 트립신 처치를 추가한군과 아닌 군에서 기계적 장벽의 차이는 없었으나, 투과도와 유순도는 피로도검사 전과 후로 트립신 처치를 하지 않은 군에 비해 증가하였으며, 조직학적으로도 세포외 기질이 더 손상된 소견을 보였다. 걸론: 소 심낭의 무세포화에서 트립신 전처치는 세포외 기질의 손상을 유발하지만 기계적 장력에는 큰 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 피로도검사 전후 모두 투과도와 유순도를 증가시켰다. 무세포화과정에서 트립신과 같은 단백질 분해 효소제를 이용하기 위해서는 조직의 생체 물리적 손상을 최소화할 수 있는 다양한 방법을 조합한 연구가 더 필요하다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2017

Purpose: Acid neutralization during chemical clearance is significantly prolonged in children with cystic fibrosis, compared to symptomatic children without cystic fibrosis. The absence of available reference values impeded identification of abnormal findings within individual patients with and without cystic fibrosis. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that significantly more children with cystic fibrosis have acid neutralization durations during chemical clearance that fall outside the physiological range. Methods: Published reference value for acid neutralization duration during chemical clearance (determined using combined impedance/pH monitoring) was used to assess esophageal acid neutralization efficiency during chemical clearance in 16 children with cystic fibrosis (3 to < 18 years) and 16 age-matched children without cystic fibrosis. Results: Duration of acid neutralization during chemical clearance exceeded the upper end of the physiological range in 9 of 16 (56.3%) children with and in 3 of 16 (18.8%) children without cystic fibrosis (p=0.0412). The likelihood ratio for duration indicated that children with cystic fibrosis are 2.1-times more likely to have abnormal acid neutralization during chemical clearance, and children with abnormal acid neutralization during chemical clearance are 1.5-times more likely to have cystic fibrosis. Conclusion: Significantly more (but not all) children with cystic fibrosis have abnormally prolonged esophageal clearance of acid. Children with cystic fibrosis are more likely to have abnormal acid neutralization during chemical clearance. Additional studies involving larger sample sizes are needed to address the importance of genotype, esophageal motility, composition and volume of saliva, and gastric acidity on acid neutralization efficiency in cystic fibrosis children.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.219-224
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• 1978

우리나라 전토양(田土壤) 분석(分析)에 적합(適合)한 토양유효인산분석법을 밝히고자 4개토양(個土壤)을 가지고 토관(土管)에서 대두(大豆)를 재배(栽培)하여 수량(收量) 및 식물체중(植物體中) 인산흡수량(燐酸吸收量)과 토양중(土壤中) 유효인산(有效燐酸) 흡수량(吸收量)과의 관계(關係)를 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 대두수량(大豆收量)은 화아분화기(花芽分化期) 식물체중(植物體中) 인산흡수량(燐酸吸收量)과 높은 상관(相關)이 있었고 식물체중(植物體中) 인산흡수량(燐酸吸收量)은 각방법별(各方法別) 토양유효인산(土壤有效燐酸)과 높은 상관관계(相關關係)가 있었으며 그 상관도(相關度)는 Olsen P${\geq}$Lancater P>Bray No.1 P>Bray No.2 P>Truog P의 순(順)이었다. 2. 각방법(各方法)에 의(依)하여 침출(浸出)된 토양유효인산(土壤有效燐酸)의 절대치(絶對値)의 크기는 Bray No. 2 P>Lancaster P${\geq}$Bray No.1 P>Truog P의 순(順)이었다. 3. 각방법별(各方法別) 토양유효인산함량(土壤有效燐酸含量)은 무기태인산(無機態燐酸)의 각분별정량치(各分別定量値)와 높은 상관관계(相關關係)를 나타냈다. 4. 결론적(結論的)으로 대두수량(大豆收量)과 토양유효인산(土壤有效燐酸)과의 관계(關係)에 있어서 Lancaste P, Bray P 및 Olsen P는 그 정도(程度)에 있어서 거의 유사(類似)한 것이었으나 Olsen P가 가장 높은 상관도(相關度)를 보였다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.417-427
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• 2000

분리막을 침지한 혐기성소화조의 물질분해의 거동과 세균군의 분포 등을 검토하였다. HRT 1.0일과 0.5일의 조건에서 운전하였으며, 온도는 $30^{\circ}C$로 설정하였다. 1.0일 및 0.5일의 HRT에서 탄수화물의 제거율은 각각 99.8~99.9%, 98.0-99.6%를 나타냈다. 1.0일 및 0.5일의 HRT에서 운전개시 후 58일 경과후에는 약 6.050 mg/L, 7,750 mg/L 정도의 MLVSS농도를 나타냈다. 최확수법(MPN)에 의해 각 세균군을 계수한 결과로서 Acidogenic bacteria는 $10^9MPN/mL$ 정도 계수되었고 $H_2$-utilizing methanogenic bacteria 및 Acetalte-utilizing methanogenic bacteria는 각각 $10^7{\sim}10^8$, $10^6{\sim}10^8MPN/mL$ 정도 계수되었으며, $CH_4$의 조성은 46~50%를 나타냈다. Sulfate-reducing bacteria는 $10^7{\sim}10^8MPN/mL$ 정도 계수되었으며, 주로 Acetogenic bacteria의 일원으로 작용하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.10-23
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• 2000

이제마선생에 의해 제창된 사상체질론은 지난 백년간 후세 사상연구가들에 의하여 발전되어 왔다. 그 중 하나가 바로 권도원 선생에 의해 제창된 체질침(體質針)의 출현이었던 것이다. 체질침범에서는 종래의 방법과는 다른 새로운 맥법(脈法)과 맥도(脈圖) 그리고 체질에 따른 체질침방(體質針方)이 운용되고 있다. 이 체질침방의 경우 실제로는 장부경락(臟腑經絡)의 오행혈을 운용한 사암(舍岩)선생의 오행침을 체질침화(體質針化)한 것이다. 이제마 선생의 체질이론과 사암선생의 오행침이 결합된 것은 실로 역사적인 일이라 하지 않을 수 없다. 권도원 선생은 여덟 개의 맥도와 함께 8체질론을 내세웠으며 스물네개의 사암선생 침방 중 여덟 개를 체질침화하여 이 여덟 체질의 기본 치료처방으로 사용하였다. 본 논문의 저자인 염태환은 지남 1986년 미국 라스베가스에서 열린 동양의학 학술대회에서 이미 24체질론과 24체질 맥도를 제시한 바 있다. 본 논문은 우선 체질의학의 발달에 대한 역사를 간단히 정리하였다. 4체질론에서 시작하여 24체질론까지의 발전되어 온 단계 단계가 여기에 설명되어 있다. 이 설명 속에서 십이경락이 어떻게 사상의학과 이론적으로 결부되는가를 이해하게 되면, 24체질론의 출현이 쉽게 받아들여질 것이다. 본 논문은 이 24체질 중 특히 소음인에 속하는 네 체질에 대하여 초점이 맞추어져 있다. 이 네 개의 체질에 대한 체질맥진법, 맥도, 침법 그리고 한약처방 등이 이 논문에 다루어지고 있는 것이다. 그리고 이 논문의 뒷부분에는 이 네 체질에 대한 저자들의 임상 실례들이 실려 있다. 이 논문의 목적은 새로운 학설을 임상실례와 더불어 소개함으로써, 더욱 많은 한의사들이 관심을 가지고 체질침을 임상에 응용하게 하며 또한 앞으로 치료효과를 객관적으로 밝히기 위한 이중맹검시험(Double blind controlled study) 등이 시행될 수 있는 토대를 마련하고자 하는 것이다.