• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2009

Objective: To report an unsuspected adaptive plasticity of single upper motor neurons and of primary motor cortex found after microsurgical connection of the spinal cord with peripheral nerve via grafts in paraplegics and focussed discussion of the reviewed literature. Methods: The research aimed at making paraplegics walk again, after 20 years of experimental surgery in animals. Amongst other things, animal experiments demonstrated the alteration of the motor endplates receptors from cholinergic to glutamatergic induced by connection with upper motor neurons. The same paradigm was successfully performed in paraplegic humans. The nerve grafts were put into the ventral-lateral spinal tract randomly, with out possibility of choosing the axons coming from different areas of the motor cortex. Results: The patient became able to selectively activate the re-innervated muscles she wanted without concurrent activities of other muscles connected with the same cortical areas. Conclusion: Authors believe that unlike in nerve or tendon transfers, where the whole cortical area corresponding to the transfer changes its function a phenomenon that we call "brain plasticity by areas". in our paradigm due to the direct connection of upper motor neurons with different peripheral nerves and muscles via nerve grafts motor learning occurs based on adaptive neuronal plasticity so that simultaneous contractions of other muscles are prevented. We propose to call it adaptive functional "plasticity by single neurons". We speculate that this phenomenon is due to the simultaneous activation of neurons spread in different cortical areas for a given specific movement, whilst the other neurons of the same areas connected with peripheral nerves of different muscles are not activated at the same time. Why different neurons of the same area fire at different times according to different voluntary demands remains to be discovered. We are committed to solve this enigma hereafter.

• ALGAE
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.207-216
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• 2004

Characteristics of photosynthesis-light and photosynthesis-temperature relationships were seasonally compared among 4 species, two temperate Sargassurn (S. ringgoldianum and S. spathulophyllum) and two temperate kelp (Ecklonia cava and Eisenia bicyclis), growing in the same habitat in Oura Bay, Shimoda, central Japan. The photosynthesis-irradiance (P-I) curve of each species at the in situ temperature and the photosynthesis-temperature (P-T) curve at near saturation irradiance (400μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)) were determined by using differential gas-volumeters. Maximum photosynthetic rates (Prnax) for P-I curves of the two Sargassurn species were higher from summer to autumn than from winter to spring, while those of the two kelp species showed little difference among seasons. Net photosynthetic rates (Pn) at 100-400μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1) of the Sargassurn species were higher than those of the kelp species in autumn, spring and summer, while in winter the rates were about the same between the Sargassurn and kelp species. Among seasons, the light saturation index (1k) values, dark respiration rates and light compensation points of Sargassurn species differed more than those of kelp species. Optimum temperature for P-T curves of Sargassurn species was 29℃ and that of kelp species was 27℃ in summer, while in winter the former was 27℃ and the latter was 25℃. Pn at 400 μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1) at 10-33℃ of Sargassurn species were considerably higher than those of kelp species from spring to summer, while from autumn to winter the rates at 5-27℃ were about the same between the two. At supra-optimum temperatures, Pn of kelp species decreased more sharply than those of Sargassurn species in each season. These facts indicate that the two temperate Sargassurn species have a higher potential photosynthetic performance under warmer conditions than the two temperate kelp species even though they grow in the same habitat.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 2000년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집 제19권 1호
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• pp.325-328
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• 2000

According to H.B.Lee(1993), standard Korean vowel qualities are as follows: in /i/, /e/, $/\epsilon/$, /a/, /o/, /w/, they have 4 qualities each other and in /er/ there are 3 qualities. The environments of 4 qualities are iong and stressed vowel in word initial, short and stressed vowel in word initial, unstressed vowel in word initial, unstressed vowel in word finial. The aim of this study is to seek and compare with H.B.Lee(1993). Conclusively I could not find on the whole any pattern of the same types of H.B.Lee(1993) in this study And especially in Fl vowel formant values of /er/and /w/, I never found any pattern of the same types of H.B.Lee(1993). Also F2 vowel formant values of $/\varepsilon/$ and /w/ do not have any kind of pattern of the same types of H.B.Lee(1993), between them, the patternize of F2 vowel formant values in /w / is especially difficult. It is the same story of Jaekang Lee(1998). But in some case, the patternize could be done. among the whole vowels, analysis environment b has the wide width on the change of the formant value. As the another result of the analysis It is to possible to make the pattern of the old male group. The old male group on the whole is analyzed to have the most low formant values and the old women group is analyzed to have the most high formants values, but in the most high formant valus there are young women group. And the formant values's rising in 2 cases of the formant value of /er/ is analyzed to have the same pattern of H.B.Lee(1993).

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2020

본 연구는 학교활력 진단도구가 초등학교와 중등학교에서 모두 사용할 수 있는 도구인 알아보기 위하여 학교급간 측정동일성을 검정하려는 목적으로 실시되었다. 연구를 위해서 초등학교 교원 3,156명, 중등학교 교원 4,411명을 대상으로 조사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과 학교활력 진단도구는 초등학교급과 중등학교급 간에 첫째, 구조회귀모델의 요인구조가 동일한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 측정모델의 요인부하량이 동일한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 구조경로계수가 동일한 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 구조공분산이 동일한 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 구조잔차가 동일한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과에 따라 초등학교를 대상으로 개발된 학교활력 진단도구를 중등학교에서 활용하는 것이 타당하다는 결론을 내릴 수 있다. 본 연구는 개별 학교의 학교활력 수준을 진단하고 학교 경영을 개선할 수 있는 방안을 찾는데 기여할 것이다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.382-390
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• 1999

In order to identify the responses of Korean soybean cultivars to sudden death syndrome (SDS), forty-two Korean cultivars and three check cultivars (Hartwig and PI 520733 are resistant; Hartz 6686 is susceptible) were tested with sorghum seed inoculum infested with Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines isolate 171 in the greenhouse. This isolate has blue pigment cultural shape on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. All Korean cultivars inoculated with F. solani isolate 171 showed the typical SDS symptoms and disease severity on soybean leaves in each cultivar varied at 4 weeks after inoculation. Nine cultivars were included in the most SDS susceptible group and six cultivars were included in the most susceptible group based on Duncan＇s multiple range tests (P$\leq$0.05). In results of the LSD analysis for SDS the resistant group, a total of twenty-five Korean cultivars were included in the same SDS resistant group as PI 520733 or Hartwig and fourteen Korean cultivars were included in the same SDS susceptible group as Hartz 6686. In the second experiment, ten Korean cultivars, ten U.S. cultivars, and one introduced line were compared in the same way as the first experiment Disease severity ranking of check cultivars, Hartwig, PI 520733, and Hartz 6686, were the same as in the first experiment. Within Korean cultivars, seven cultivars showed the consistent severity proportions of leaf symptoms. Disease rankings of these cultivars in this experiment were the same as those in the first experiment. Three US cultivars: Hartwig, Hartz 5454, and Forrest, three Korean cultivars： Keunolkong, Myeongjunamulkong, and Jinpumkong 2, and one introduced line, PI 520733, were included in the highest SDS resistant group. Shinphaldalkong 2, Milyang 87, and Samnamkong consistently showed the highest SDS susceptibility in both experiments. Average disease severity in the first and the second experiment were 49.56% and 45.39%, respectively.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1154-1154
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• 2001

Near infra-red (NIR) spectroscopy has been used for the non-invasive assessment of intact fruit for eating quality attributes such as total soluble solids (TSS) content. However, little information is available in the literature with respect to the robustness of such calibration models validated against independent populations (however, see Peiris et al. 1998 and Guthrie et al. 1998). Many studies report ‘prediction’ statistics in which the calibration and prediction sets are subsets of the same population (e. g. a three year calibration validated against a set from the same population, Peiris et al. 1998; calibration and validation subsets of the same initial population, Guthrie and Walsh 1997 and McGlone and Kawano 1998). In this study, a calibration was developed across 84 melon fruit (R$^2$= 0.86$^{\circ}$Brix, SECV = 0.38$^{\circ}$Brix), which predicted well on fruit excluded from the calibration set but taken from the same population (n = 24, SEP = 0.38$^{\circ}$Brix with 0.1$^{\circ}$Brix bias), relative to an independent group (same variety and farm but different harvest date) (n = 24, SEP= 0.66$^{\circ}$ Brix with 0.1$^{\circ}$Brix bias). Prediction on a different variety, different growing district and time was worse (n = 24, SEP = 1.2$^{\circ}$Brix with 0.9$^{\circ}$Brix bias). Using an ‘in-line’ unit based on a silicon diode array spectrometer, as described in Walsh et al. (2000), we collected spectra from fruit populations covering different varieties, growing districts and time. The calibration procedure was optimized in terms of spectral window, derivative function and scatter correction. Performance of a calibration across new populations of fruit (different varieties, growing districts and harvest date) is reported. Various calibration sample selection techniques (primarily based on Mahalanobis distances), were trialled to structure the calibration population to improve robustness of prediction on independent sets. Optimization of calibration population structure (using the ISI protocols of neighbourhood and global distances) resulted in the elimination of over 50% of the initial data set. The use of the ISI Local Calibration routine was also investigated.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.98-105
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• 2009

Objective: Increased aortic and carotid arterial augmentation index (AI) is associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease. The most widely used approach for determining central arterial AI is by calculating the aortic pressure waveform from radial arterial waveforms using a transfer function. But how the change of waveform by applied pressure and the pattern of the change rely on subject's characteristics has not been recognized. In this study, we use a new method for measuring radial waveform and observe the change of waveform and the deviation of radial AI in the same position by applied pressure. Method: Forty-six non-patient volunteers (31 men and 15 women, age range 21-58 years) were enrolled for this study. Informed consent in a form approved by the institutional review board was obtained in all subjects. Blood pressure was measured on the left upper arm using an oscillometric method, radial pressure waves were recorded with the use of an improved automated tonometry device. DMP-3000(DAEYOMEDI Co., Ltd. Ansan, Korea) has robotics mechanism to scan and trace automatically. For each subject, we performed the procedure 5 times for each applied pressure level. We could thus obtain 5 different radial pulse waveforms for the same person's same position at different applied pressures. All these processes were repeated twice for test reproducibility. Result: Aortic AI, peripheral AI and radial AI were higher in women than in men (P<0.01), radial AI strongly correlated with aortic AI, and radial AI was consistently approximately 39% higher than aortic AI. Relationship between representative radial AI of DMP-3000 and peripheral AI of SphygmoCor had strongly correlation. And there were three patterns in change of pulse waveform. Conclusion: In this study, it is revealed the new device was sufficient to measure how radial AI and radial waveform from the same person at the same time change under applied pressure and it had inverse-proportion to applied pressure.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.5-16
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• 1998

모래지반에서 모형강널말뚝의 수직하중에 대한 거동을 알아보기 위하여 말뚝단면적이 동일하고 플랜지의 개구정도가 각기 다른 5개의 모형말뚝을 제작하였으며, 각 말뚝에 대해 상대밀도, 하중작용방향(압축, 인발)을 달리하여 토조내에서 실내 모형말뚝시험을 수행하였다. 동일한 말뚝에 대해 인발하중을 받는 경우보다 압축하중을 받는 경우가 극한지지력에 있어 100%가량 크며, 상대밀도가 조밀할수록 그 차이는 더욱 증가하였다. 인발재하시험에서 극한지지력과 극한상태의 침하량은 상대밀도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며, 동일한 지반조건하에서 개구정도의 변화에 따른 극한지지력과 침하량은 일정한 범위내에 존재하였다. 압축하중조건하에서 극한지지력은 개구정도가 30$^{\circ}$이내에 있을 경우 가장 크게 나타났으며, 상대밀도가 커질수록 이러한 경향이 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 단면의 변화에 따른 극한하중 변화는 하중분포의 해석결과 부분폐색효과에 기인된 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.227-231
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• 2005

We have developed a microsystem with a capillary electrophoresis (CE) and an electrochemical detector (ECD). The microfabricated CE-ECD systems are adequate for a disposable type and the characteristics are optimized for an application to the electrochemical detection. The system was realized with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-glass chip and indium tin oxide electrode. The injection and separation channels (80 um wide$\ast$40 um deep) were produced by moulding a PDMS against a microfabricated master with relatively simple and inexpensive methods. A CE-ECD systems were fabricated on the same substrate with the same fabrication procedure. The surface of PDMS layer and ITO-coated glass layer was treated with UV-Ozone to improve bonding strength and to enhance the effect of electroosmotic flow. For comparing the performance of the ITO electrodes with the gold electrodes, gold electrode microchip was fabricated with the same dimension. The running buffer was prepared by 10 mM 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) titrated to PH 6.5 using 0.1 N NaOH. We measured olectropherograms for the testing analytes consisted of catechol and dopamine with the different concentrations of 1 mM and 0.1 mM, respectively. The measured current peaks of dopamine and catechol are proportional to their concentrations. For comparing the performance of the ITO electrodes with the gold electrodes, electropherograms was measured for CE-ECD device with gold electrodes under the same conditions. Except for the base current level, the performances including sensitivity, stability, and resolution of CE-ECD microchip with ITO electrode are almost the same compared with gold electrode CE-ECD device. The disposable CE/ECD system showed similar results with the previously reported expensive system in the limit of detection and peak skew. When we are using disposable microchips, it is possible to avoid polishing electrode and reconditioning.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 자동차 ABS 모듈의 결함으로 인한 화재사고에 대하여 기술하였다. 최근 발생한 화재 사례 중 동일 제조사의 ABS 모듈을 적용하는 다수의 차량에서 유사한 결함으로 인해 화재가 발생하는 경향을 나타내었다. 앞서 언급한 ABS 모듈에서는 배터리를 통해 상시전원으로 공급되는 전원배선 사이에서 절연파괴가 발생되는 특징을 나타내는데 이러한 부분은 연소 확대 과정에서 외부 화염에 의해 형성되기 어려운 부분으로 ABS 모듈 자체의 결함으로 판단된다. 본 연구의 결과로 부터 특정 제조사에서 생산 판매되는 차량에 대한 화재원인 조사에 있어서는 반드시 ABS 모듈의 결함 여부에 대한 조사가 필수적으로 진행되어야 할 것이다.