• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.493-493
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• 2000

Multi-valued decision making for transitional stochastic events was newly derived based on conditional probability of database. The two values (on-off) decision making method without transition had been proposed by one of the author in a previous work for a purpose of realizing human on-off decision making. The current method is an extension of the previous on-off decision making. By combining the conditional probability and the transitional probability, the closed form of the algorithm for the multi-valued transitional decision making was derived. The proposed multi-valued decision making was successfully applied to the determination of the five levels of the vigilance of a subject during the EEG recording; awake stage, drowsy stage and sleeping stages (stage 1, stage 2/3, REM (rapid eye movement)). The method for determining the vigilance level can be directly usable for the two purposes; selection of awake EEG segments for automatic EEG interpretation, and determination of sleep stages through sleep EEG. The proposed multi-valued decision making with a mathematical background of the probability can be applicable widely, in industries and in medical fields for purposes of the multi-valued decision making.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.61
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• pp.93-111
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• 2014

In this article, I have reviewed the validity of the Retla Clauses in bills of lading. In Tokio Marine(1970), US courts have permitted carriers to include Retla Clauses in their bills of lading that essentially disclaim all responsibility for the required statement. Simon J in The Saga Explorer(2012) disagreed with the decision of no representation in Tokio Marine and held that the statement with the Retla Clauses made on the bills of lading as to the cargo's apparent condition was a fraudulent misrepresentation. Simon J also requested a strong carriers' honest conduct. However, because the shippers always request the clean bill of lading for trade purpose and never call for a substitute bill of lading showing the true condition of goods, carriers will inevitably continue to clause bills of lading if they have no other better way of protecting themselves in the situation of Tokio Marine or The Saga Explorer. For the present, the decision of misrepresentation in The Saga Explorer might be helpless to change the position of the assignees of the bills of lading. And it seems that the debate on the validity of the Retla Clauses in bills of lading will be continued for the time being. In these circumstances, if the buyers hope to void the potential dispute, they may have a special agreement in the sale of goods contract, for example, requiring a pre-shipment inspection of the goods so as to know the actual condition of the goods on shipment.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.450-462
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• 2004

In this paper, we describe a system for controlling the perceptual processes of two cooperative mobile robots that addresses the issue of enhancing perceptual awareness. We define awareness here as knowing the location of other robots in the environment. The proposed system benefits from a formalism called perceptual anchoring. Here, perceptual anchoring enhances the awareness of the system by employing an anchor-based active gaze control strategy or active perceptual anchoring to control the perceptual effort according to what is important at a given time. By anchoring we extend the notion of awareness as knowing what the symbols in the control module represent to by connecting them to the objects or features in the environment. We demonstrate the present system through a simulation of two nonholonomic mobile robots performing a cooperative transportation by carrying a cargo to a target location where there are two other robots moving about. The system is able to efficiently focus the perceptual effort and thus able to safely carry the cargo to the target position.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1988.08a
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• pp.33-35
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• 1988

During a series of studies aimed at isolation of the tumor growth inhibitory substance from Panax ginseng. we found a new type of antitumor substance. The substance was isolated from a powder of the root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. which is commonly used for various diseases as a commercial medical drug by the name of Korean Red Ginseng Powder in Japan. Data from infrared spectra proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance. and high resolution mass spectra were identical with those of panaxytriol. Panaxytriol isolated from Korean Red Ginseng Powder (Nikkan Korai Ninjin Co.. Ltd.. Japan) inhibited the growth of several kinds of human and murine malignant cells in vitro. Although the detailed mechanism of cell growth inhibition by panaxytriol is yet to he elucidated. panaxytriol's action appeares to be more dose-dependent than time-dependent.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.48-57
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• 2013

It has been determined that two-way evacuation routes that connect houses to evacuation sites should be developed to protect residents of historic preservation areas from future disasters. These routes are required because traditional buildings and other historic spatial elements are located close to each other. It is important to understand residents' perceptions of evacuation routes that connect their houses to temporary safe places to develop evacuation system strategies that include effective two-way evacuation routes. This paper describes a procedure used to construct a two-way evacuation route database designed to preserve two study areas that was based on an interview survey conducted with area residents. The resulting database contained residents' perceptions of evacuation routes. The database contains categorized spatial problems related to these routes that can be used for future research.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.264-269
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• 2001

Large amounts of orange juice are produced in Japan every yea.. Accompanied by the production of orange juice, large amount of juice residues are also generated in nearly the same amounts with juice. Although, at present, some of these residues are marketed as a feed for cattle after drying and mixing with lime, the marketing price is lower than its production cost and the difference is paid by the consumers as a part of the price of orange juice. In the present work, we developed new innovative use of orange juice residue, a biomass waste, as adsorption gel for removing toxic heavy metals such as lead. arsenic, selenium and so on as well as radioactive elements such as uranium and thorium from environments. The major components of orange juice residue are cellulose. hemicellulose and pectin, which are converted into pectic. acid, an acidic polysaccharide, by means of saponification with concentrated sodium hydroxide solution. In the previous work, we found that crosslinked pectic acid gel strongly an selectively adsorbs lead over other metals such as zinc an copper. On the other hand. it is well known that polysaccharides such as cellulose can be easily phosphorylated and that phosphorylated polysaccharides have high affinity to uranium and thorium as well as some trivalent metals such as ferric iron and aluminum. Taking account of the noticeable characteristics of these polysaccharides, 2 types of adsorption gels were prepared from orange juice residue: one is the gel which was prepared by saponificating the residue followed by crosslinking with epichlorohydrin and another is that prepared by crosslinking the residue followed by phosphorylation. The former gel exhibited excellent adsorptive separation behavior for lead away from zinc owing to high content of pectic acid while the latter gel exhibited that for uranium and thorium. Both types of adsorption gels exhibited high affinity to ferric iron, which enables selective and strong adsorption for some toxic oxo-anions of arsenic (V and III), . selenium and so on via iron loaded on these gels. These results demonstrate that biomass wastes such as orange juice residue can be effectively utilized fer the purpose of removing toxic heavy or radioactive metals existing in trace or small amounts in environments.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1986.07a
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• pp.51-54
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• 1986

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2014.06a
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• pp.295-296
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• 2014

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.175-198
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• 1988

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.253-254
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• 2016