• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.409-413
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• 2012

This study aimed to compare the probiotic characteristics of twelve strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus including cholesterol assimilation and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) production. Cholesterol assimilation exhibited some variation among L. acidophilus strains, which could be classified into three groups based on their assimilation levels (p<0.05). The high cholesterol assimilation group exhibited a significantly higher tolerance to 0.3 and 0.5% bile acid than the low cholesterol assimilation group (p<0.05). Cholesterol assimilation showed positive correlation with 0.5% bile tolerance, and a negative correlation with acid tolerance (p<0.01). Glycocholate deconjugation activity showed no relationship with cholesterol assimilation, whereas taurocholate deconjugation activity was shown to have negative correlation with cholesterol assimilation (p<0.05). CLA production by L. acidophilus strains exhibited a wide variation, ranging from 2.69 to 5.04 mg/g fat. CLA production of L. acidophilus GP1B was the highest among the tested strains, but there was no evidence for differences in CLA production in strain specificity. Based on these results, the cholesterol assimilation of L. acidophilus strains may not be related to deconjugation activity, but may in-fact be attributed to their bile-tolerance.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.197-205
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• 1995

The objectives of the present study were to find out 1)the differences in growth of radish under foggy and non-foggy condition, 2)the weed competition between radish and major upland weeds including Echinochloa crus-galli, 3)difference in response of radish to herbicide and weed, and finally 4)the fundamental data for the establishment of radish weed control system under locational foggy regions. The research was carried out by tray in greenhouse equipped with Auto Foggy System(SAE KI RIN Co.) and results were summarized as follows. 1. Plant height and shoot fresh weight of radish cultivars(long skirt, delicious altari, green mascot) were not different at the early growth(8 to 38 days after seeding), but increased at 55 days after seeding under foggy condition. Root fresh weight increased only in green mascot cultivar tinder foggy condition. Chlorophyll contents were higher in all the cultivars of radish under foggy condition. 2. Plant height and shoot fresh weight increased at 0 and 20 days of weed competition under foggy condition. Root fresh weight increased at 0, 20 and 35 days of competition under foggy condition. Above 50 days-competition, there was no difference between foggy and non-foggy condition. 3. Napropamide, alachlor and linuron did not show any differences in plant height and shoot fresh weight between foggy and non-foggy condition. Molinate reduced the root fresh weight at 65 days after seeding tinder foggy condition. 4. No difference in weeding efficacy by any herbicides tested was found tinder foggy condition. Weeding efficacy of Aeschynomene indica was reduced under foggy condition.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.957-970
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to analyze records of Korean pro-basketball using general linear model (two-way ANOVA and hierarchical multiple regression analysis). Korea Basketball League (KBL) informed the records (2014-2015 season) of this study. The eight variables (TA, 2PA, 3PA, 2P, 3P, Ast, TFB, CH) were selected in content validity. SPSS program was used to analyze general linear model. All alpha level was set at 0.05. Major results were as follow. 3PA had significant interaction effect between victory & defeat variable and home & away variable. Victory teams showed that 3PA was higher in home games than away games, and defeat teams was the other. 2PA, AS, TFB, and CH were selected significant variables affecting victory and defeat. In result of hierarchical regression, Ast had significant moderation effect between 3PA and TS. TFB also had significant moderation effect between AS between 2P. The other construct (Ast between 2PA and TS; TFB between AS between 3P) had no significant moderation effect. In the effect of 2PA, 3PA and Ast to TS, CH also had no significant moderation effect.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2005

Purfose: This study was to observe the phosphamidon reduction rate after haemoperfusion (HP) and Hemodialysis (HD) in vitro. Methods: We started off by measuring the clearance of HD and HP for the phosphamidon in vitro. Phosphamidon was measured hourly by High-pressure liquid chromatography. Results: Phosphamidon clearance was effectiveness in HP and HD. Phosphamidon reduction rate was no difference between HD and HP; $64\%$ versus $91.\%1$ at starting, $82.2\%$ versus $80.2\%$ at 1 hours, $82.2\%$ versus $73.8\%$ at 2 hours, $34.4\%$ versus $14.0\%$ at 3 hours, $14.1\%$ versus $27.4\%$ at 4 hours, $0\%$ versus $3.3\%$ at 5 hours. Conculsion: Extracorporeal elimination of phosphamidon is effective by hemoperfusio and hemodialysis in vitro. We suggest hemoperfusion may be effective in organophsphate intoxication patients.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2016

Purpose: The external ear is a common area of trauma on the body prone to exposure of ultraviolet light, which can lead to skin cancer. Thus, variable techniques have been developed and used for reconstruction of the external ear. The aim of this study is to review the surgical method, its area of application, as well as advantages and pitfalls of reconstruction of the external ear with inferior based retroauricular flaps. Materials and Methods: Eight patients underwent external ear reconstruction with inferior based retroauricular flap for external ear defects in our institute from September 2012 to June 2015. According to the area of the defect, patients were classified as middle 1/3 (n=4), inferior 1/3 (n=2), superior auroculo-cephalic sulcus (n=1), and external auditory canal (n=1). Results: All of the flaps survived the operation and there was no marginal necrosis. Mean size of the defect was $2.8{\times}1.8cm$ and mean size of the retroauricular flap was $5{\times}2cm$. For insetting of the flap, a subcutaneous tunneling technique was used in 6 cases and rotation without subcutaneous tunneling was used in 2 cases. Transient paresthesia occurred in 3 cases. Two cases recovered within 3 months but one case did not recover until 6 months. Conclusion: The inferior based retroauricular flap is an available technique in external ear reconstruction with one stage operation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.269-274
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• 2002

Objectives : To evaluate the elect of glutathione(GSH) on lead induced modulation of nitric oxide(NO) synthesis, and to examine how lead modulates NO production in macrophages. Methods : This study was observed in a culture of RAW 264.7 cells, which originated from a tumor in a Balb/c mouse that was induced by the Abelson murine leukemia virus. The compounds investigated were lead chloride, N-acetyl-cystein(NAC), and Buthionine Sulfoximine( BSO). Results : ATP synthesis in RAW 264.7 cells was unchanged by each lead concentration exposure in a dose dependent manner. The NO synthesis was decreased when exposed to lead($PbCl_2$) concentration $0.5{\mu}M$. The presence of $300{\mu}M$ NAC, used as a pretreatment in the culture medium, caused the recovery of the lead induced decrease in NO synthesis, but in the presence of $300{\mu}M$ BSO as a pretreatment, there was no recoverey. Pretreatment with NAC and BSO had no affect on ATP synthesis at any of the lead concentrations used. Conclusions : These results indicated that GSH has a protective effect toward lead toxicity, and suggested that the inhibition of NO production in macrophage due to lead toxicity may be related to cofactors of iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase)

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.333-338
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• 2011

In this study, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of the herb (cinnamon, clove, glehnia root, ginger, violet-root cromwell, licorice, citrus peel and longan) extracts used for gamhongroju, one of the popular liqueurs in Korea, were investigated. Twenty grams of individual herbs were extracted in 60% purified ethanol and freeze-dried. A mixture of the individual herb extracts (HEM) was separately prepared. Cytotoxicity of the individual extracts and HEM on murine RAW264.7 macrophage cells were examined along with their recovering activity on $H_2O_2$-treated RAW264.7 cells. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the extract-treated cells were determined by measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels. Violet-root cromwell extract showed the least cytotoxicity in terms of treated concentration. Most of the extracts, below levels of cytotoxicity, recovered the $H_2O_2$-treated cells. Treatment with some of the extracts increased SOD and GPx activities and TEAC levels while a majority inhibited the production of NO and PGE2 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated cells.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.160-164
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• 2021

Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a group of rare genetically heterogeneous disorders, characterized by hypopigmentation of the eyes, skin, and hair, which result in ocular abnormalities and a risk of developing skin cancer. Currently, there is no ophthalmologic procedure or drug that prevents the clinical features of OCA. Here, we report a new type of OCA in two, unrelated Korean families with the same OCA2 mutation. Affected individuals in this study are different from those of previous reports in two aspects: an inheritance pattern and clinical presentation. All reported patients with OCA have shown an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, while our patients showed an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Small amounts of pigment can be acquired with age in OCA, but there is no substantial variation from adolescence to adulthood in this regard. A case where the patient attained normal pigmentation levels has never been reported. However, our patients displayed completely normal pigmentation in their late twenties. Whole exome sequencing and in-silico analysis revealed a novel mutation, OCA2 c.2338G>A p.(G780S) (NM_000275) with a high likelihood of pathogenicity. Sanger sequencing of p.G780S identified the same mutation in the affected individuals, which was not found in the family members with normal phenotype. We hypothesize that OCA2 G780S not only acts as a pathogenic variant of OCA but also induces pigmentation by enhancing the melanogenesis gene expression of other modifier genes, such as SLC45A2 and TPC2. These findings may provide further understanding of melanin biosynthesis and new treatment methods for OCA.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.325-331
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• 2009

The object of this study was to evaluate the single oral dose toxicity of Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan (LMF) in male and female rats. LMF was administered to female and male SD rats as an oral dose of 2,000, 1,000 and 500 mg/kg (body wt.). Animals were monitored for the mortality and changes in body weight, clinical signs and gross observation organ weight and histopathology of 14 principle organs were examined upon necropsy. As the results, no LMF treatment related mortalities, clinical signs, changes on the body and organ weights, gross and histopathological observations against 14 principle organs were detected up to 2,000 mg/kg in both female and male rats except for some sporadic findings not LMF treatment related toxicological signs. Therefore, $LD_{50}$ (50% lethal dose) and approximate LD of LMF after single oral treatment in female and male rats were considered over 2,000 mg/kg - the limited dosages recommended by KFDA Guidelines [2005-60, 2005], respectively.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.1100-1103
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• 2003

One of the good ways to raise the rate of the electrochemical reaction is to broaden the effective surface area of the electrode by developing cylindrical nano-pores on the surfaces. The numerous pores of several nanometer in diameter can be used to enhance a specific faradaic reaction so that the nano-porous structure attract keen attention in terms of implication of new bio/chemical sensors, in which no chemical modification is involved. Amperometric glucose sensor is a representative example that needs the selective enhancement of glucose oxidation over the current due to physiological interferents such as ascorbic acid. The present paper reports how the ascorbic acid and glucose diffuse around the nano-porous surface by simulation study, for which 2D-FDM (Finite Difference Method) was adopted. The results of the simulation not only consist with those from electrochemical experiments but also reveal valuable potential for more advanced application of the nano-porous electrode.