• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.330-336
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• 2015

Polycan originating from Aureobasidium pullulans is mostly composed of β-1, 3/1, 6 glucans and possesses an anti-osteoporotic effect. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to examine the efficacy and safety of the polycan on bone biochemical markers in healthy perimenopausal women. Sixty subjects were randomly allocated to 2 groups-group 1 received 400 mg of polycan and group 2 received placebo-these were administered once daily for 28 days. Fasting blood and urine samples were collected at baseline and 4 weeks after treatment. The primary outcome was change in osteocalcin (OSC) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP). Changes in calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), C-telopeptide of collagen cross-links (CTx), N-telopeptide of collagen cross-links (NTx), and deoxypyridinoline (DPYR) were the secondary outcomes. A safety assessment was performed using adverse event (AE) and laboratory data. After 4 weeks of polycan treatment, OSC, DPYR, and BALP levels changed (P < 0.05) significantly from baseline in both groups. However, no significant differences were observed in any markers between the 2 groups, except for P (P < 0.05). Interestingly, group 2 showed a significant increase in CTx (65.2%, P < 0.05), while CTx in group 1 slightly increased (17.2%). Both groups showed no significant differences in AE. Although 4 weeks of polycan treatment did not have a statistically significant effect on bone metabolism biomarkers, increases in CTx were modestly inhibited by polycan. Further studies in a large population and longer treatment periods are needed to confirm the effect of polycan on bone turnover.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.319-325
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• 1974

A study on the status of sickness and medical care of insured and non-insured groups of employee and his family in Naju fertilizer company, in the year of 1973, was carried out. The results obtained are as follows: 1. 66.8% of all employee was subscribed in this medical insurance program. No woman employee was subscribed and the rate of subscription was increased from 16.1% to 92.0% by age increases. 2. Also, as of period of service, the rate of subscription was increased from 11.3% to 89.4% by the period gets longer. 3. Employee who reside within boundary of the company (76.2%) subscribed more than that whom reside outside boundary (63.9%). 4. Rate of subscription was also indreased by family size becomes larger. In case of single, it was only 19.6% but in the case of family size became more than 6, it increased to 87.4%, 5. As of amount of monthly income, although no one had subscribed those who get less than 30,000 won a month. Subscriber, increased by monthly income get greater. 6. Subscribed family reside within company boundary utilized hospital 35.5 times a year whereas non-subscribed family reside within these utilized 12.5 times. And, subscribed family reside outside boundary utilized hospital 32.2 times a year and non-subscribed family utilized 9.6 times. Regardless of resident area, family who subscribed to this program utilized hospital more often than non-subscribed family. 7. The utilization of the hospital became gradually frequent from 15.6 times to 36.5 times per family by family size became larger. but in non-subscribed group, although it was increased from 8.3 times to 16.5 times per family, it was droped to the least 6.9 times at 2 person family. 8. 17,496 hospital visits were made by all employee and his family in the year 1973. 86.9% of them was made by subscribed group and the rest (13.1%) was made by non-subscribed group. Observing of the type of these sickness by the classification of WHO, only three types of VII (26.7%), XVII (25.0%) and IX(19.3%) were made more often by non-subscribed group while the others were made more by subscribed group. 9. Anual average medical expenditure per family was 13,098.9 won for subscribed family while it was 3,076.1 won for non-subscribed family. 10. Anual average hospital visits per capita was 6.5 times for subscribed groups and 3.4 times for non-subscribed group. Anual average medical expenditure per capita was 2,580.8 won for subscribed group while it was 1,061.0 won for non-subscribed one.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2004

이 연구의 목적은 세 가지 형태의 헤드기어를 이용하여 상악 제1대구치의 후방이동 시 치아 주위 조직에 나타나는 응력분포를 광탄성법을 이용하여 관찰하는 것이다. 광탄성 상악모형에 장착한 헤드기어에 high-pull, straight-pull, cervical-pull의 세 가지 방향에서, face bow의 inner bow와 outer bow를 평행하게 한 상태에서 outer bow의 길이를 세 가지로 다르게 하여 적용시킨 다음 원편광기를 이용하여 응력분포를 분석하였다. 사진기를 이용하여 응력분포를 기록하고, 등색선상의 무늬차수를 이용, 응력분포를 분석하여 이차원적인 광탄성 응력분석을 시행하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. high-pull 헤드기어의 경우, 중간 길이의 outer bow일 때 치체이동에 유리한 응력 분포가 나타났다 2. straight-pull 헤드기어의 경우, 긴 길이의 outer bow일 때 좀더 치체이동에 유리한 응력 분포가 나타났으나, outer bow의 길이에 따른 응력분포의 변화는 적었다. 3. cervical-pull 헤드기어의 경우, 긴 길이의 outer bow일 때 치체이동에 유리한 응력 분포가 나타났다. 임상에서 헤드기어를 이용하여 상악 제1대구치를 후방으로 치체이동시키기 위해서는 facebow outer bow의 높이를 조정하지 않는 경우에는 high-pull 헤드기어에서는 outer bow와 inner bow를 같은 길이로, straight-pull 및 cervical-pull 헤드기어에서는 outer bow를 더 길게 하여 사용하는 것이 추천된다.

• Journal of Breast Cancer
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.425-432
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• 2018

Purpose: Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) is rare, and its cause and prognosis are not well known. Additionally, treatment is limited with respect to the risk to the fetus. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics and treatment trends of PABC and the survival rate according to the treatment. Methods: In the Korean Breast Cancer Society Registry database, women younger than 50 years and who were diagnosed with breast cancer from 1996 to 2015 were included. PABC was defined as breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy or within 1 year after delivery. Results: We examined 411 patients with PABC and 83,381 patients with non-PABC. Over time, the proportions of patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery and sentinel lymph node biopsy increased, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy administration rates also increased. In the past, the overall survival of patients with PABC was poorer than that of patients with non-PABC, but there was no difference in overall survival rates in more recent years. There was no difference in overall survival rates between patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66-2.49; p=0.459), but PABC conferred poorer prognosis than non-PABC in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy (HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.27-2.08; p<0.001). Conclusion: There was no difference in the prognosis between patients with PABC and those with non-PABC receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The increase in neoadjuvant chemotherapy according to current treatment guidelines is expected to improve the survival rate of patients with PABC.

• 생약학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.310-315
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• 2008

Viscum album coloratum (Korean mistletoe; KM) is a semi-parasitic plant growing on various trees. This plant hasbeen shown to possess a variety of biological functions such as immunomodulation, apoptosis-induction and antitumor activity. However, there is no information about how the extract of KM affects life span of the host. In this study, in order to examine the effect of KM on the longevity of the host, we investigated whether a Korean mistletoe extract (KME) was able to extend the life length in an experimental model using the spring silkworm moth of Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera bombycidae). We established a model test for survival in which all of the male and female moths died within 18 days after the beginning of the experiment. Mean survival time of female moths was longer than that of male moths. Both male and female moths fed with KME containing diet (200 or 400 ${\mu}g$/head/day) showed significantly higher mean survival times than those of the control moths. Studying the effect of KME on prolongation of mean survival time showed that male moths were more susceptible than female moths. The moths fed with KME-containing diet showed a slight decrease in body weight. Interestingly, however, no difference in food intake was observed between moths fed with KME-containing diet and those with control diet. In analysis for mRNA increase in the SIRT2 gene, a member of the Sir2 gene family playing important roles in regulation of cell death and prolongation of life span, moths fed with KME-containing diet showed a significant increase in SIRT2 gene expression. These results suggest that KME has a potential to extend the life span in Bombyx mori, and its effect is partly associated with increase in SIRT2 gene expression.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.110-118
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• 1994

As the first step to improve the medical recording for the hospitalized patients, we tried to identify problems of completion rate of the medical recording and made the completion rate of the medical recording within due date known to the public in the hospital and commended the best Department and resident officially. The results were as follows: 1. The average number of the medical recordings per a recorder by years of residency(average number to quorum) was 293.3(398.8) in 1st year, 82.5(68.1) in 2nd year, 21.2(8.3) in 3rd year, and 20.5(1.9) in 4th year-residents. There was only 2 residents who prepared the medical recordings more than the average of 125.6 recordings per a resident. 2. Among 13 Departments, the medical recording was wholly put in charge of the 1st year-resident in 6 Departments. The duty was shared with the 2nd year-resident in 5 Departments and the 3rd year-resident in 1 and the 4th year-resident in Only 1 Department. 3. The more the cases requiring the medical recording, the lower the completion rate(80% less than 100 recordings, 70% in 100-299, 60% in 300-399 and 33.3% in more than 400). 4. There was no difference in the completion rate of the medical recording before(1991) and after(1993) a public nitice(1992). However, 4 Departments showed improvement of 21-45% in the completion rate, and no case was found where billing for medical assurance was postponed due to delayed completion of the medical recording. 5. The completion rate was relatively low(72-78%) from January to March. The main reasons were shortage of men power due to preparation of board examination, attendance to military duty, and lack of training in the medical recording for the new 1st year-residents. 6. The official commendation of the best Department and resident by letters did not improve the completion rate of the medical recording. In conclusion, The main reason of the low completion rate of the medical recording was the fact that the 1st year-residents were almost exclusively responsible for the medical recording. Hence, it is mandotory that this practice gets staffs' attention to improve the completion rate. Public notice of the completion rate of the medical recording shows prompt improvement of the completion rate. Prize money rather than commendation by a letter for the best Department would also be more effective to improve the quality of medical recording.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2009

본 연구는 인레이 와동에서 인상을 채득하기 전 지각과민처리제 (Isodan)과 2단계 전부식 접착시스템 (One-Step)과 단일단계 자가부식 접착시스템 (All-Bond SE)으로 처리한 후, 복합레진 인레이를 자가 접착형 레진시멘트인 BisCem으로 합착시키는 경우 레진 인레이의 상아질에 대한 미세인장결합강도와 주사현미경적인 분석을 통하여 비교하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 지각과민처리제인 Isodan만을 사용하는 경우 레진 인레이의 결합강도를 감소시킬 수 있으므로 단독 사용보다는 단일 단계 자가부식 시스템 (All-Bond SE)과 같이 사용하는 것이 추천된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.95-106
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• 1976

인삼중에는 약리학적면에서 뿐 아니라 생화학적 및 영양학적면에서 중요한 역할을 하는 무기질 및 미량원소가 다양하게 함유되어 있어서 생체를 구성하거나 각 조직의 기능을 촉진시키는 생물학적 활성물질로서의 역할을 하고 있다. 본 실험에서는 인삼 무기질의 효율적 이용을 목적으로 추출조건에 따른 엑기스의 수량과 추출된 인삼 엑기스의 무기질 및 미량원소를 미색법 및 원자흡광 분석법으로 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 가장 효율적인 추출방법은 인삼원료량의 $10{\sim}20$배 되는 $60{\sim}80%$ ethanol로 60시간 이상 연속추출하는 것으로서 그 수량은 60% ethanol의 경우가 16.5%, 80%의 경우가 13.5%로서 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 2. 6년근 수삼과 백삼및 미삼의 수분함량은 각각 66.37%, 12.61%, 12.20%였으며 회분은 1.56%, 3.52%, 6.04%였고, 가용성 무질소물은 20.75%, 61.00%, 45.00%였으며 조단백질은 6.30%, 13.69%, 12.69%였고 순단백질은 2.26%, 5.94%, 5.76%였으며 조지방은 1.11%, 2.02%, 2.50%였고 조섬유는 2.41%, 8.74%, 8.87%였다. 3. 무기질 및 미량원소를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) P함량은 미삼, 백삼, 수삼이 각각 1.318%, 1.362%, 0.713%였고 인삼엑기스의 그것은 미삼, 백삼, 수삼이 각각 0.038%, 0.063%, 0.036%로서 비교적 낮은추출율을 보이고 있다. 2) Ca함량은 미삼, 백삼, 수삼이 각각 0.147%, .238%, 0.126%이고 그 엑기스는 미삼, 백삼, 수삼이 0.023%, 0.011%, 0.016%여서 미삼은 15.6%이상이 ethanol로 추출된데 비해 백삼은 4.6%로 추출율이 극히 낮았다. 3) CI함량은 미삼 0.11%, 백삼 0.07%, 수삼 0.09%로 시료간에는 뚜렷한 함량차가 없었으며 미삼은 그 함량의 36.4%가 백삼은 67.1%가 ethanol로 추출된데 반하여 수삼은 84.4%로 가장 높은 추출수율을 보였다. 4) Fe함량은 미삼이 125.0ppm으로 가장 많고 백삼은 32.5ppm, 수삼은 20.0ppm이었는데 그 추출수율은 극히 낮아서 미삼은 1.33%, 백삼은 0.83%, 수삼은 1.08%에 불과하였다. 5) Cu, Zn 및 Mn은 미량원소로서 이중 Mn은 미삼 62.5ppm, 백삼 25.0ppm, 수삼 5.0ppm으로 비교적 많은 양이 함유되었으나 ethanol로 추출한 엑기스에서는 정량되지 않았으며 Cu는 미삼, 백삼, 수삼이 각각 15.0ppm, 20.0ppm, 5.0ppm이고 인삼 엑기스에는 7.5ppm, 6.5ppm, 4.5ppm으로서 50%, 32.5%, 90%의 추출율을 보였다. Zn은 다른 작물체에 비하여 많은 양이 함유되었고 미삼이 47.5ppm, 백삼이 27.5ppm, 수삼이 5.5ppm이고 그 인삼 엑기스에는 각각 4.5ppm, 1.25ppm, 15.0ppm의 Zn이 함유되어 있었다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.650-658
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• 2010

Purpose: In the case of repair for far distal parts of FDP (Flexor digitorum profundus) division, the method of either pull-out suture or fixation of tendon to the distal phalanx is preferred. In this paper, the results of a modified loop suture technique used for the complete division of FDP from both zone 1a and distal parts of zone 1b in Moiemen classification are presented. Methods: From July 2006 to July 2009, the modified loop suture technique was used for the 10 cases of FDP in complete division from zone 1a and distal parts of zone 1b, especially where insertion sites were less than 1 cm apart from a tendon of a stump. In a suture technique, a loop is applied to each distal and proximal parts of tendon respectively. Core suture of 2-strand and epitendinous suture are done with PDS 4-0. Out of 10 patients, the study was done on 6 patients who were available for the followup. The average age of the patients was 49.1 years (in the range from 26 to 67). 5 males and 1 female patients were involved in this study. There were 3 cases with zone 1a and distal parts of zone 1b. The average distance to the distal tendon end was 0.6 cm. There were 5 cases underwent microsurgical repair where both artery and nerve divided. One case of only tendon displacement was presented. The dorsal protective splint was kept for 5 weeks on average. The results of the following tests were measured: active & passive range of motion, grip strength test, key pinch and pulp pinch test. Results: The follow-up period on average was 11 months, in the range from 2 to 20 months. There was no case of re-rupture, but tenolysis was performed in 1 cases. In all 6 cases, the average active range of motion of distal interphalangeal joint was 50.8 degree. The grip strength (ipsilateral/contralateral) was measured as 88.7% and the pulp pinch test was 79.2% as those of contralateral side. Flexion contracture was presented in 2 cases (15 degree on average) and there was no quadrigia effect found. Conclusion: Despite short length of tendon from the insertion site in FDS rupture in zone 1a and distal parts of zone 1b, sufficient functional recovery could be expected with the tendon to tendon repair using the modified loop suture technique.

• 환경생물
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.179-192
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• 2023

인천 영흥도는 대한민국에서 가장 큰 하천인 한강의 담수가 유입되어 영양염의 변화가 예상되는 해역이다. 특히 해양의 영양염의 변화는 식물플랑크톤을 포함한 미소생태계의 변화를 야기시키고, 어패류와 같은 상위 단계의 현존량에도 영향을 주는 것으로 알려져 있다. 인천 영흥도 연안은 국내의 주요 수산물 생산지임에도 불구하고 미소생태계의 기초자료조차 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 인천 영흥도의 기초자료 수집을 위해, 2014년부터 2018년까지 5년간 미소생태계를 조사하였다. 특히, 연안에서 유입되는 담수의 영향을 거리를 통해 비교하기 위해, 연안 정점(S1)과 연안으로부터 0.75, 1.5, 3 km 떨어진 대조구 정점을 설정하여 물리·화학·생물학적 요인의 변화를 모니터링했다. 그 결과 수온(15.7~26.7℃), 용존 산소(5.73~14.31 mg L^-1), 염분도(28.5~34.1) 및 pH(6.65~8.80)는 계절에 따른 변화만 관찰되었을 뿐, 정점에 따른 유의미한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 영양염의 경우, 용존무기질소는 4~6월에 평균 6.4 μM의 농도에서 7~11월 16.4 μM로 증가하였고, 인산 인 및 규산 규소 역시 4~6월 각각 0.4 μM, 2.5 μM에서 7~11월 1.1 μM, 12.0 μM로 그 농도가 증가하였다. 특히 인산 인은 2014~2015년 최대 0.2 μM로 2016~2018년(2.2 μM)에 비해 낮은 농도로 관찰되어, 해당 기간동안 인산 인 제한 현상이 나타나며 계절에 따른 차이는 보였으나, 서해의 뚜렷한 조석차에 의해 정점 간 차이는 나타나지 않았다(Table S1). 연간 댐 방류량이 낮았던 2014~2015년 조사 정점에서 인산 인 제한현상이 두드러졌고, 해당 시기 식물플랑크톤의 현존량은 최대 3,370 cells mL^-1으로 높게 관찰되었다. 그러나 해당 시기, 용존유기탄소 혹은 박테리아의 현존량 증가는 관찰되지 않았다. 생물학적 요인 역시 3 km의 거리에 따른 정점 간 차이는 관찰되지 않았으나, 계절 및 담수 유입에 따른 미소생태계 변화에 관한 기초자료를 축적할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 미소생태계의 기초자료 수집을 통한 인천 연안의 생태계를 이해하였으며, 다양한 오염원으로부터의 교란을 방지하기 위해 인천 영흥도에서의 지속적인 모니터링이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.