• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.166-174
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• 1993

Streptomyces coeUc%r (Muller) cells were treated with $100 \mu$M hydrogen peroxide for I hour and proteins synthesized during hydrogen peroxide stress were labeled with L-[$^{35}S$]-methionine. Total cellular proteins were extracted and analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In exponential growth phase, synthesis of about 100 proteins was increased by hydrogen peroxide treatment. These proteins were named as Pin (£eroxide-inducib]e) proteins and classified into 4 subgroups according to their induction time after hydrogen peroxide treatment. About 60 of them were found to be induced within 20 minutes and maintained throughout I hour of treatment. In stationary growth phase. synthesis of 62 proteins was increased by hydrogen peroxide and 21 of them were the same Pins found in exponential growth phase. Proteins from the mutants which are resistant to hydrogen peroxide were obtained in exponential growth phase and compared with those from the wild type on two-dimensional gel. The three mutants, N7, N9. and N24, were found to have higher constitutive leve]s of ]5, 17, and 15 Pin proteins respectively, than the wild type. 9 of these Pin proteins (D74.7a, E76.0c, E23.3. F50.7, F47.2a. F25.5, G39.6b, G24.0, H39.6a) increased in two of the three mutants and 3 proteins (F39.7, H6I.7. 120.8) increased in all of the three mutants. These proteins might play important roles in the response of S. coelic%r to hydrogen peroxide.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.324-331
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• 2012

Bacteriological examination of spring water in Jeju City was conducted. A total of 21 spring water samples were collected from January to April, 2010. During the study period, the range of temperature was 0.6 to $15.4^{\circ}C$, and the results of the analyses showed that hydrogen ion concentrations (pH) for spring water were 0.43 to 7.9. Salinity levels for the samples averaged from 3.0 to 1.64%, and levels of water-dissolved oxygen were 1.85 to 6.06 mg/l. The range of total coliforms in spring water samples at 21 stations located in the designated spring water were <1.8->1,600 MPN/100 ml. Furthermore, the range of geometric means of total coliforms was 9.9-151.6 MPN/100 ml, while the range of fecal coliforms in spring water samples at 21 stations located in the designated spring water area was <1.8->1,600 MPN/100 ml. Finally, the range of geometric mean of fecal coliforms was 3.1-151.6 MPN/100 ml. The level of microbial contamination was examined in 21 samples for indications of bacterial contamination such as heterotrophic bacteria, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Shigella spp. were frequently detected in the spring water. Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and S. aureus were detected in the range of $0-0.5{\times}10^1$, $0-0.1{\times}10^1$, $0-0.1{\times}10^1$, and $0-0.3{\times}10^1$ CFU/ml, respectively, while E. coli O157:H7 was not detected in the examined spring water samples.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.7 no.1_2
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• pp.17-34
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• 1992

The object of this study is to investigate the toxicity of S-biol (d-allethron-d-transchrysanthemate) and the mode of action between other synthetic pyrethroid insecticides and S-biol in rats. Rats were treated daily with S-biol (25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 100mg/kg) by oral administration for 5 weeks. The experimental results were summerized as follows: Biochemical parameters such as LDH and Glucose in serum were much more increased in control groups. No significant hematological change excepts for MCHC in rats treated with S-biol 100 mg/kg were observed in all groups compared to control groups. In animals treated with S-biol for 4∼5 weeks, the levels of cytochrome P-450 in the liver were significantly increased. In renal microsomal fractions, however, no significant changes of cytochrome P-450 contents were observed. The activitis of ATPase in groups treated with S-biol (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg) were decreased compared to those in other groups. TBA values and activities of glucose-6-phosphatase in the liver were increased a little in the groups treated with S-biol (100 mg/kg) for 5 weeks. The activities of cholinesterase in hepatic and serum were not significantly changed in all groups but slightly decreased in animals treated with high dose of S-biol (100 mg/kg). The activities of carboxylesterase in serum and in the liver were slightly increased but not significantly changed.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2007

Anti-tumor activity of Euphorbia hirta (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) has been evaluated against Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice. Intraperitoneal (i.p) administration of Euphorbia hirta was effective in reducing solid tumor mass development induced by EAC cells. It exhibited significant anti-tumor activity in mice, when used at the dose of 100 mg/kg/day i.p., for 14days. The administration of Euphorbia hirta (100 mg/kg/day i.p.) resulted in an increase (P<0.001) of the life span (59.9%) of ascites tumor bearing mice as compared to the control group. After 14 days, on developed tumor masses, Euphorbia hirta administration brought about significant reduction in tumor volume and it reverse the changes in the hematological parameters, responding to tumor inoculation. The results are indicative of the anti-tumor activity of Euphorbia hirta against EAC induced tumor in a dose dependent manner.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.53-61
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• 1980

Hospital has a limited environment in which all different patients are accommodated and therefore it should always be maintained as clean as possible in all its aspects. However the habitation of cockroaches which may be frequently observed in hospital gives us a very unfavuoraqble impression. It may not b e difficult to presume that cocrkoaches carry various microganisms from ward to ward. This study was carried out from July to the end of August. 1979 with a total of 259 cockroaches captured from the three hospitals and general residences in Seoul. Investigation was made to see what kind o f organisms they were imbued with and the results obtained are summarized as follows. Totaly 1) The nine species of the microganisms were isolated from the captured cockroaches and the isolated rate was showed 96.6 ％. This organisms consisted of Aerobacter aerogenes（29.7% ). staphylocacci (22.4% ). gram negative bacilli（16.6％）. E. coli（10.4%), streptococci（9.7%). fugus（7.3), and yeast (0.4 ％). respectively. 2) The ratio of organism isolated from the cockroaches captured in each hospital appeared 98.6% in K hospital. 91.4% in P hospital and 100% in S hospital. respectively. 3) The total ratio of microganisms isolated from cockroaches captured in each ward of the hospitals was 96.9% and that by each ward was 96.0% in medical ward. 98.0% in surgical ward. 96.4% ill operating room. and 100% in infant care room. 4) The ratio of the microganisms isolated from the cockroaches captured in the kitchen of each hospital was 94.1% and that in the K and S hospitals was 100% and the P hospital. 83.3%. 5) The germ-carrying ratio of cockroaches captured from the jiving rooms and kitchens of general residences was 100%. 6) The staphylococci was isolated as 22.4% of 259 the corchrnahes and all of them belonged to negative coagulase. 7) Finaly. E. coli (10.4%) and Aevbarter aerogenes(29.7%) were isolted from the 259 cock-roaches. This was sugested that a great number of habitable cockroaches contacts directly with faces.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.29-36
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• 2007

Electroacupuncture(EA) is known to affect various autonomic functions such as blood pressure regulation, immune modulation and the improvement of disorders concerning autonomic functions. The aim of the present study was to establish whether EA has an immune-enhancing effect. ICR mice weighing 20 to 25g were divided into four groups: Group I(n=6), blank; Group II(n=6), control; Group III(Zusanli, n=6), low frequency-EA(10Hz of electrical stimulation), and Group IV(Zusanli, n=6), high frequency-EA (100Hz of electrical stimulation). For this study, we investigated expressions of spleen heat shock protein (HSP)70, HSP90 and secretions of cytokines. A Forced Swimming Test(FST) was performed as a model of activity test in mice. After three days of the FST, 10Hz EA($114.8{\pm}7.27s$) and 100Hz EA($147.5{\pm}1.29s$) immobility time significantly decreased compared with the control group($157.2{\pm}1.48s$). After seven days, 10Hz EA($124{\pm}1s$) and 100Hz EA($141{\pm}4.24s$) also significantly decreased immobility time compared with the control group($168{\pm}7.93s$). 10Hz EA and 100Hz EA increased the expression of HSP70 but did not change that of HSP90. 100Hz EA increased secretions of IL-6 and IL-12 compared with the control group however, 10Hz EA failed to change those of IL-6 and IL-12. The present results suggest that EA may be useful for down-regulated immune diseases.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.489-495
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to investigate the contamination rates of Keratinophilic fungi in soils In Chonju. From september to November 1986, 98 soil samples were collected at the school and children's play ground, dog barn, pig barn, cow barn, horse barn and fowl barn( total 33 sites ). The samples were collected at the different depths(0～2cm, 30cm, 50cm ) in each of the sites, respectively. Each sample was cultured at 25$^{\circ}C$ according to Modified hair baiting method by using horse mane hair as a bait. The results obtained were summerized as follows ; 1. Eighty one of the 98 soil samples were found to be positive for Keratinophilic fungi. 2. In the examination of keratinophilic fungi in 98 soil samples, the organisms isolated weie as follows; Microsporum gypseum 20, Trichophyton ajelloi 15, Chrysosporium tropicum 40, C. Keratinophilum 24, C. tuberculatum 6 and Chrysosporium spp. like organism 4 strains. 3. The positive rates of keratinophilic fungi in each of the depths were 87.9%(29/33) in surface layer, 90.9%(30/33) in middle layer and 68.8％(22/32) in deep layer. 4. The positive rates of Keratinophilic fungi in each of the sites were 100%(3/3) in horse barn 91.7％ (l1/12) in dog barn, 88.9%(16/18) in pig barn, 86.7%(13/15) in cow barn, 76.2%(16/21) in fowl barn and 75.9%(22/29) in school and children's play ground. 5. The isolation rates of M. gypseum, Pathogenic fungi for human and animals, were as follows ; 58.3％ in dog barn(surface layers 100％, middle layers 50％, deep layers 25％) and 16.7％ in pig barn(surface 33.3％, middle 16.7%, deep 0％). In the cow barn, the isolation rates were 13.3%(surface 40.0％, middle 0%, deep 0％) and 10% in horse barn(surface l00％, middle 100%, depp 100%). In the fowl barn, the isolation rates was 19.1%(surface 28.8%, middle 14.3%, deep 14.3%) and 3.5% in school and children's play ground(surface 0％, middle 0％, deep 11.1%).

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.43-59
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• 2022

The green premium is the most important feature of Korea's RE100 system. Green premium has three characteristics. The first, the cost of implementation is lower than that of other means of implementation. The second, it is linked with the RPS system to keep the means of implementing the green premium low. Third, the funds raised by the green premium are used to supply renewable energy to compensate for the additionality that the green premium does not have. When the entire industrial sector's electricity consumption is converted to renewable energy, the implementation cost of the green premium is estimated to be 3,377.4 billion won, and the REC purchase is estimated to incur the implementation cost of 6,576.4 billion won, which is 3.5 trillion more than the green premium. It was analyzed that an additional implementation cost of KRW 100 million would occur. In addition, in the case of solar PPA, it was analyzed that additional implementation costs of KRW 13,375.7 billion to KRW 16,162.3 billion were incurred. It was estimated that the renewable energy that could be supplied to the green premium would at least be sufficient for companies exporting to the US and EU. In addition, it was analyzed that when the fund created as a green premium is used for renewable energy supply, about 30.7% of the renewable energy supply through PPA can be supplied. However, as ESG is emphasized, green premium can be criticized by green washing because there is no additionality. There is also a limit to responding to the EU's CBAM. Therefore, companies can use the green premium depending on the situation, but it is more advantageous to use PPA, etc. The government needs to sufficiently maintain the supply of renewable energy using the fund to maintain the green premium.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.983-992
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• 2015

This study investigated the quality characteristics and biological activities, such as antioxidant, whitening, anti-diabetes, and anti-inflammatory activities, of yellow garlic, by simplify processing time and manufacturing process compared with black garlic. Extracts were prepared various ratios of water and ethanol solvent [water : ethanol (v/v)=100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, 0:100] from yellow garlic. Alliin content of yellow garlic showed no difference compared with fresh garlic, whereas S-allyl cysteine content of yellow garlic was higher than that of fresh garlic. Alliin content of yellow garlic extracts increased in an ethanol concentration-dependent manner. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were highest in 100% ethanol extract. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging abilities did not show significant differences among 0~70% ethanol extracts, whereas 100% ethanol extract showed the highest contents of 93.45% and 91.46%, respectively. Tyrosinase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities were also highest in 100% ethanol extract, but did not show significant differences among the extract solvents. Water and ethanol extracts from yellow garlic showed anti-inflammatory effects by modulating production of NO and cytokines at a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. We suggest that yellow garlic has antioxidant, whitening, anti-diabetes, and anti-inflammatory activities and can be used as a functional material similar to black garlic.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2004

For measuring general bacterial count and Escherichia coli count, the standard plate count was used to conduct a test on 113 cases of pork carcass surfaces from slaughterhouses in Incheon area from January to February 2003. And Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes was used to conduct a test on 68 cases of pork carcass surfaces and 76 cases of feces, that is to say, a total of 144 cases. The results were obtained as follows: In the case of general bacterial count, 29 cases(25.7%) were in the range of 100∼999 and 62 cases(54.9%) were in the range of 1,000∼9,999 and 22 cases(19.4%) were in the range of 10,000∼99,999. Meanwhile as regards E coli count, 22 cases(19.4%) were in the range of 1∼9 and 69 cases(61.2%) were in the range of 10∼99 and 22 cases(19.4%) were in the range of 100∼999. On 68 cases of pork carcass surfaces, 7 strains(10.2%) of Salmonella spp, and 12 strains(17.6%) of S aureus were detected and 27 strains(39.7%) of L monocytogenes, respectively. As for the detected Salmonella spp, 6 strains of the B group, 3 strains of S enterica subsp salame and 2 strains of S typhimurium were detected, respectively. On 76 cases of feces, 14 strains(18.4%) of Salmonella spp, and 15 strains(19.7%) of L monocytogenes and 14 strains(18.4%) of S aureus were detected respectively. As for the detected Salmonella spp, 6 strains of the B group, 4 strains of S derby and 8 strains of the C group, 5 strains of S rissen were detected, respectively. All of 42 strains of L monocytogenes were type 1. As a result of conducting a toxin test on the detected S aureus, all of 26 strains were found to be non-toxin.