• 무역상무연구
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• 제33권
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• pp.191-219
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• 2007

Section 39(5) of Marine Insurance Act 1906 concerns the case where with the privity of the assured, the ship is sent to sea in an unseaworthy state. The underwriters argue that the assured had"blind-eye knowledge" of the particular respect in which the ship was unseaworthy. Blind-eye knowledge requires a conscious reason for blinding the eye. There must be at least a suspicion of a truth about which one do not want to know and which one refuse to investigate. What has caused greater difficulty is the broad provision in s.17 which appears to be unlimited in its scope. The expression "utmost good faith" appears to derive from the idea of uberrimae fidei, words which indeed appear in the sidenote. The concept of uberrima fides does not appear to have derived from civil law and it has been regarded as unnecessary in civilian systems. S.17 raises many questions. But only two of them are critical to the decision of the present appeal-the fraudulent claim question and the litigation question. It is however necessary to discuss them in the context of a consideration of the problematic character of s.17. In the Star Sea Case, for the defendants to succeed in their defence under this part of the case the defendants have to show that claim was made fraudulently. They have failed to obtain a finding of fraud. It is not enough that until part of the way through the trial the owners failed to disclose to the defendants would have wished to see in order to provide them with some, albeit inadequate, evidential support for their alleged defence under s.39(5). The defence under s.17 fails. The Purpose of this work is to analyze the Star Sea Case, and to explore problems of the MIA relating to the judgement of this case.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.72-80
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• 1996

Chitinase를 생성하는 세균인 serratia marcescens JM을 해안 갯벌 시료로부터 분리하여, ammonium sulfate precipitation, affinity adsorption, hydroxylapatite와 Sephadex G-200 column chromatography를 통하여 정제하였다. 정제된 chitinase는 7.1% 회수율과 4.22의 정제도를 나타내었으며, 전기영동시 단일밴드를 얻을 수 있었고, SDS-PAGE에 의해 측정된 분량은 59,000으로 나타났다. 정제된 chitinase의 $K_m$과 $V_{max}$는 5.71mg/mL과 39.8 unit/mL로 나타났다. Chitinase의 최적활성 pH와 온도는 7과 50$^{\circ}C$였고 최적안정pH는 7.0이며 50$^{\circ}C$이하에서는 안정하였다. $Cu^{2+}\;Ca^{2+}$ 및 $Mg^{2+}$는 효소활성을 증가시켰으나 $Hg^{2+}$와 $I_2$는 효소 활성을 억제시켰다. 또한 cysteine은 효소활성을 증가시키나 EDTA, MIA, PCMB, 및 SDS는 효소활성을 억제시켰다. 해수 음이온 중 $MG^{2+},\;Ca^{2+},\;K^+$는 효소활성을 약간 증가시켰으나 $Na^{2+}$ 이온은 1mM이상농도에서 활성이 억제되었다. 본 논문에서 정제된 chitinase는 여러가지 특이점이 있는 serratia효소였다.