• 생태와환경
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.432-440
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• 2017

CSIA-AAs은 섭식 생물의 영양단계 산출 연구에서 SIA를 대체할 수 있는 연구 방법으로 크게 주목 받고 있지만, 최근까지 국내 연구 사례는 매우 부족하다. 본 연구에서는 금강 하구역에서 채집된 두 종의 다모류(Nephtyidae, Glyceridae)와 두 종의 어류 (Platycephalus indicus, Lophius litulon)에 대한 영양단계를 ${\delta}^{15}N_{AAs}$를 통해 산출하고 이를 ${\delta}^{15}N_{bulk}$를 이용해 산출한 영양단계와 비교하고자 하였다. 두 정점에서 채집된 다모류의 $TP_{bulk}$는 각각 2.6과 3.1로 다른 것으로 확인되었으며, 두 산출기법($TP_{base2}$, $TP_{base1}$)에 따른 차이는 작은 것으로 나타났다. 반면에, 본 연구에서 분석된 두 어종에 대한 $TP_{bulk}$는 각각 3.1과 2.3으로 어종 간 차이가 확인되었으나, $TP_{AAs}$는 3.8과 3.7로 어종 간 차이가 매우 작고 상대적으로 높은 영양단계가 확인되었다. 이는 두 어종이 어식성 어류임을 고려할 때 $TP_{AAs}$가 보다 더 신뢰할 수 있는 기법이라는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 본 연구는 한국 연안 생태계에서 CSIA-AAs의 활용 필요성과 그 유용성을 보여주고 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.789-793
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• 2008

The gayal (Bos frontalis) in China is a very rare semi-wild and semi-domestic bovine species. There still exist remarkable divergences on the gayal's origin and taxonomic status. In the present study, the cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene entire sequences (1,140 bp) of 11 gayals in Yunnan China were analyzed. Combined with other bovine Cyt b sequences cited in GenBank, the phylogenetic trees of genus Bos were reconstructed by neighbor-joining (NJ) and maximum parsimony (MP) methods with Bubalus bubalis as outgroup. Sequence analysis showed that, among 1,140 sites compared for 11 gayals, 95 variable sites (8.33% of all sites) and 6 different haplotypes were observed, showing abundant mitochondrial genetic diversity in gayals. Both NJ and MP trees demonstrated that gayals in this study were markedly divided into three embranchments: one embranchment clustering with Bos gaurus, another clustering with Bos taurus, and the third clustering with Bos indicus. The result of phylogenetic analysis suggested that the gayal might be the domesticated form of the gaur, and a great proportion of the gayal bloodline in China was invaded by other bovine species.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2023

This study aimed to identify lactic acid bacteria isolated from eight fermented milk products in Iran. We enumerated Lactobacillus species using De Man-Rogosa-Sharpe (MRS)-maltose and MRS agar with pH adjusted to 5.2, as well as assessment at 37℃ for 48 hr, studied Streptococcus spp. using M17 agar at 43℃ for 24 hr, and assessed Bifidobacterium species using nalidixic acid, paromomycin sulfate, neomycin sulfate, and lithium chloride (BL-NPNL) agar at 37℃ for 48 hr. The total viable Streptococcus spp. cell in fermented milk varied at 4.73-8.83 log CFU/mL. However, Bifidobacterium spp. were not detected in any of the tested samples. Lactobacilli were not detected in four of the eight samples, and viable Lactobacilli cells in the remaining four samples ranged 2.48-3.85 log CFU/mL. The pH of the tested samples ranged 3.53-4.19, and soluble solids (Brix measurement) ranged 7.5%-17.9%. A total of 130 isolates of gram-positive catalase-positive bacteria were characterized at the species level using 16S rRNA sequencing. Sequence analysis identified six species: Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. sunkii, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, and Levilactobacillus brevis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.715-722
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• 1999

On a urea-molasses-straw (3:15:82, UMS) based diet, effect of graded levels of mustard oil cake (MOC) supplementation on the performances of native bulls has been studied. Four cannulated adult Bos indicus bulls of $415({\pm}44.6)kg$ live weight and 80 months old, were given daily either of 0, 200, 400 or 800 g of MOC in four periods in a $4{\times}4$ latin square design. Besides, each animal also received 200 g of each of molasses and wheat bran and a mineral mixture. For unit (1 g) increase in MOC intake, total DM intake increased by 0.8 g/d ($r^2=0.88$) but no change in the straw DM intake. With the increasing levels of MOC, crude protein (CP) digestibility increased exponentially with an asymptotic value of 72%. However, MOC level had no effect on the digestibilities of DM, OM and ADF. Similarly, rumen degradability of rice straw was also not affected by the level of dietary MOC, and mean straw DM degradabilities were 15, 21. 28, 37, 47 and 51% at 8, 16, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of incubation respectively. Microbial N yield per kg digestible organic matter apparently fermented in the rumen were 7.46, 8.77, 6.88 and 5.96 g respectively for 0, 200, 400 or 800 g of dietary MOC. For each gram increase in dietary MOC, N intake and N balance increased by 0.054 g/d ($r^2=0.998$) and $0.59mg\;N/kg\;W^{0.75}/d$ ($r^2=0.99$) respectively. Nitrogen balance was estimated to be attained at the N intakes of $246mg\;N/kg\;W^{0.75}/d$. Thus, on a UMS-based diet supplementation of MOC up to 800 g (10% of total intake) of the dietary intake had little or no effect on intake, digestibility, rumen parameters, and microbial N yield but slightly increased the N balance. However marginal response to MOC supplementation is probably due to the high degradability of MOC protein in the rumen. Thus, any substantial positive response of MOC supplementation on a UMS-based diet can probably be achieved by reducing its protein degradability in the rumen.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.101-110
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• 1982

본연구(本硏究)는 원색(原色) 한국산(韓國産) 버섯도감발간사업(圖鑑發刊事業)을 위하여 1981년(年) 7월(月) 1일(日)부터 1982년(年) 6월(月) 30일(日)까지 1년간(間) 경기도(京畿道) 광육임업시험장(光陸林業試驗場)을 주(主)로 하고, 경기도(京畿道), 용문산(龍門山), 강원도(江原道) 치악산(雉岳山), 충청북도(忠淸北道) 용이산(俗離山), 경상남도(慶尙南道) 지이산(智異山), 전라남도(全羅南道) 무등산(無等山), 제주도(濟州道) 한라산(漢拏山) 등지(等地)에서 신선(新鮮)한 자낭균류(子囊菌類)를 채집(採集) 촬영(撮影)하여 원색(原色)슬라이드와 건조표본(乾燥標本)을 작성(作成)하고 분류학적(分類學的) 연구(硏究)를 완성(完成)하였다. 조사(調査)된 결과(結果)에 의하면 우리나라에서 밝혀진 총고등균류수(總高等菌類數)인 620여종중(餘種中) 흔히 볼 수 있는 균류(菌類)와 한국미기록(韓國未記錄) 자낭균류(子囊菌類) 101종(種)의 원색(原色) 슬라이드와 분류상(分類上)의 검색표(檢索表)를 완성(完成)하였다. 이들은 10목(目) 19과(科) 50속(屬) 101종(種)에 속(屬)하고, 또 이들의 세계적(世界的) 분포(分布)가 밝혀졌다. 그들 중 Peziza vesiculosa 큰 주발버섯, Rhizina inflata 땅해파리, Gelasinospora longispora, Sordaria fimicola, Cantharomyces exiguus, Dichomyces biformis, D. furcifer, D. homalotae, D. hybridus, D. vulgatus, Dioicomyces anthici, Enathromyces indicus, Laboulbenia borealis, L. brachconychi, L. cristata, L. exigua, L. fusciculata, K. filifera, L. flagellata, L. rougetii, L. tachys, L. vulgaris, L. yoshidai, Rickia ancylopi, R. papuana 그리고 R. peyerimhoffii의 26종(種)은 한국산(韓國産) 미기록종(未記錄種)이며, 그 보통명(普通名)과 기재(記載)를 하였다. 본론문(本論文)에서는 예정(豫定)대로 101종(種)의 자낭균류중(子囊菌類中) 원색도판(原色圖版) 1면(面)만을 게재(揭載)하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.445-454
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• 1997

Rice bran commonly available in Bangladesh is a mixture of rice hulls (60%), bran (35%) and polishing (5%), referred here as rice mill feed (RMF). Dose response effect of RMF supplementation to a straw diet including a zero level was measured on the intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, microbial N yield and growth rate of growing native (Bos indicus) bulls. Twelve bulls of 33 months old and $272{\pm}31.5kg$ weight were randomly allocated to diets having 0 (T1), 1 (T2) and 2 (T3) kg RMF in addition to 200 g wheat bran, 200 g molasses, 60 g salt and 30 g oyestershe\l powder. Concentrate intake was 5.5, 19.2 and 29.5% of the dietary intake for the T1, T2 and T3 treatment respectively. RMF supplementation had no significant effect on the straw DM intake. However, with the increasing levels of RMF supplementation, total DM & digestible OM intake and the whole gut digestibilities of DM, OM, N & ADF increased but in deminishig return. Total microbial N yield estimated from the urinary purine excretion were 15.35, 26.56 and 38.44 g/d for the treatment T1, T2 and T3 respectively. Both the N intake and the N balance increased linearly in response to increasing level of RMF. Supplementation of RMF linearly increased the energy intake and dietary energy concentration. Growth rate in the T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 112, 125 and 250 g/d respctively. The basal N excretion and the maintenance energy requirement of the experimental animals were estimated to be 615 mg/kg $W^{0.75}/d$ and 447 kJ/kg $W^{0.75}/d$ respectively. The estimated efficiency on N utilization was 0.83 mg/mg of N intake ($r^2=0.997$) while the efficiency of metabolizable energy utilization for growth was 0.15. Since animal refused higher levels of RMF, inclusion up to 2 kg level (about 25% of the total DM intake) appears to have no depressing effect on the performances of animal. However, RMF itself fail to meet the critical nutrient need of the rumen microbes. Therefore response of supplementing RMF after correcting the critical nutrient deficiency need to be studied.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.131-136
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• 1994

In an effort to confirm true oestrus and to detect early pregnancy in Zebu cows (Bos indicus), sequential blood and milk samples were collected at the day of imsemination (Day 0) and days 14, 20 and 24 after insemination. Progesterone was determined in skimmed milk and plasma by solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA). Of the cows thought to be in oestrus plasma, (n = 46) and milk (n = 58) samples demonstrated low progesterone concentrations ($0.99{\pm}0.11$ and $2.02{\pm}0.14nmol/l$) in 42 (91%) and 52 (90%) cases respectively. Thirty two (76%) and 30 (71%) cows were thought to be pregnant by plasma progesterone RIA ($20.23{\pm}1.03$ and $20.48{\pm}1.01nmol/l$) at days 20 and 24 respectively. At the same period, 40 (77%) and 37 (71%) cows were thought to be pregnant by milk progesterone RIA ($27.82{\pm}1.28$and $28.02{\pm}1.27nmol/l$). Assuming 100% accuracy for rectal examination of pregnancy diagnosis between days 60-65 postservice, the RIA was found to be 84% and 90% accurate for plasma and 84% and 92% accurate for milk at day 20 and 24, respectively. All cows thought to be non pregnant by progesterone measurement were correctly diagnosed. Progesterone assay at 24 days after oestrus may therefore be accurate for early diagnosis of pregnancy in Zebu cows.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2009

In the present study, genetic analyses of diversity and differentiation were performed on four breeds of Indian zebu cattle (Bos indicus). In total, 181 animals belonging to Ponwar, Kherigarh, Gangatiri and Kenkatha breeds were genotyped for 20 cattle specific microsatellite markers. Mean number of alleles observed per locus (MNA) varied between 5.75 (Kenkatha) to 6.05 (Kherigarh). The observed and expected heterozygosity for the breeds varied from 0.48 (Gangatiri) to 0.58 (Kherigarh) and 0.65 (Kenkatha) to 0.70 (Kherigarh), respectively. $F_{IS}$ estimates of all the breeds indicated significant deficit of heterozygotes being 28.8%, 25.9%, 17.7% and 17.7% for Gangatiri, Ponwar, Kherigarh and Kenkatha, respectively. The $F_{ST}$ estimates demonstrated that 10.6% was the average genetic differentiation among the breeds. Nei's genetic distance DA and Cavalli- Sforza and Edwards Chord distance ($D_C$) and the phylogenetic tree constructed from these reflected the close genetic relationship of Gangatiri and Kenkatha, whereas Ponwar appears to be more distant.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.32-39
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• 2018

Samples of Laru (a fermentation starter) obtained from the upper part of Borneo Island were analyzed for their lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and fungal diversity using both a culture-independent method (PCR-DGGE) and culture-dependent methods (SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF MS). Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus brevis, Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, Hyphopichia burtonii, and Kodamaea ohmeri were detected by all three methods. In addition, Weissella cibaria, Weissella paramesenteroides, Leuconostoc citreum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactococcus lactis, Rhizopus oryzae/Amylomyces rouxii, Mucor indicus, and Candida intermedia were detected by PCR-DGGE. In contrast, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Pichia anomala, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida orthopsilosis were detected only by the culture-dependent methods. Our results indicate that the culture-independent method can be used to determine whether multiple laru samples originated from the same manufacturing region; however, using the culture-independent and the two culture-dependent approaches in combination provides a more comprehensive overview of the laru microbiota.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.961-967
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• 2018

Lao-native beef cattle are primarily Bos indicus, and most ruminant production in Laos is still dominated by small-scale or backyard producers that use traditional practices, resulting in low productivity. The cattle herd size in Laos has grown by an average of 5 percent per year from 1.52 million in 2010/11 to 1.81 million in 2014/15. In 2016, the Laos cattle population was 1.88 million head, with smallholder farmers representing 98% of production despite efforts by the Laos government to develop commercial-scale farms. There were 170 commercial cattle farms in 2016, with 56 percent in the Central region of Laos. Although, overall, ruminant meat production has tended to increase but with consumption at 7.29 kg/capita/yr in 2013, it remains insufficient to meet demand. Crop residues and agro-industrial by-products used in ruminant diets include rice straw, cassava pulp and wet brewers' grains as roughage, energy and protein sources, respectively. The Belt and Road Initiative proposed by China in 2013 will connect China closely with all countries in Southeast Asia. This initiative will change landlocked Laos to land linked for investors who will benefit from convenient transport at a lower cost, promoting agricultural production in Laos.