• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.123-131
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• 2012

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential antidiabetic and antioxidant effect of the ethanol extract from Chrysanthemum cornarium L. var. spatiosum(CSE) against alloxan-induced oxidative stress in pancreatic ${\beta}$-cells, HIT-T15. In this study, the antidiabetic effect of CSE was examined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliu bromide(MTT) cell proliferation assay, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release assay, $NAD^+$/NADH ratio and insulin secretion. To further investigate whether CSE is involved in the antioxidant activity of alloxan-damaged HIT-T15 cells, its antioxidant effect against alloxan-induced oxidative stress was measured in HIT-T15 cells by determining the levels of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione S-transferase(GST), glutathione reductase(GR) and glutathione peroxidase(GPx). The results of this analysis showed that alloxan significantly decreased cell viability, increased LDH leakage, and lowered $NAD^+$/NADH ratio and insulin secretion in HIT-T15 cells. However, CSE significantly increased the viability of alloxan-treated cells and lowered LDH leakage. The intracellular NAD+/NADH ratio and insulin secretion were also significantly increased by 1.7-fold and 1.3-fold, respectively, after treatment with 100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ CSE. The HIT-T15 cells treated with alloxan showed significant decreases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, while CSE significantly elevated the levels of antioxidant enzymes. These findings suggest that CSE could have a protective effect against cytotoxicity and dysfunction of pancreatic cells in the presence of alloxan-induced oxidative stress.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.13
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• pp.5207-5214
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• 2014

Background: To study the relationship of susceptibility to lung cancer with the gene polymorphisms of CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTM3, GSTT1, GSTP1 and smoking status in Han and Mongolian populations of Inner Mongolia, an autonomous region of China. Materials and Methods: PCR-RFLP, allele-specific and multiplex PCR were employed to identify the genotypes of CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTM3, GSTT1 and GSTP1 in a case-control study of 322 lung cancer patients diagnosed by bronchoscopy and 456 controls free of malignancy. Results: There is a significant difference in genotypic frequency of GSTT1 of healthy Mongolian and Han subjects. A statistically prominent association was found between CYP1A1 Msp1 (vt/vt) (OR=4.055, 95%CI:2.107-7.578, p=0.000), GSTM1 (-) (OR=2.290, 95%CI:1.467-3.573, p=0.000) and lung cancer in Mongolians. Similarly, in the Han population, CYP1A1 Msp1 (vt/vt) (OR=3.194, 95%CI:1.893-5.390, p=0.000) and GSTM1 (-) (OR=1.884, 95%CI:1.284-2.762, p=0.001) carriers also had an elevated risk of lung cancer. The smokers were more susceptible to lung cancer 2.144 fold and 1.631 fold than non-smokers in Mongolian and Han populations, respectively. The smokers who carried with CYP1A1 Msp1 (wt/vt+vt/vt), exon7 (Val/Val+Ile /Val), GSTM1 (-), GSTM3 (AB+BB), and GSTT1 (-) respectively were found all to have a high risk of lung cancer. Conclusions: CYP1A1 Msp1 (vt/vt) and GSTM1 (-) are risk factors of lung cancer in Han and Mongolian population in the Inner Mongolia region. The smokers with CYP1A1 Msp1 (wt/vt+vt/vt), CYP1A1 exon7 (Val/Val+Ile /Val), GSTM1 (-), GSTM3 (AB+BB), and GSTT1 (-) genotypes, respectively, are at elevated risk of lung cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.109-115
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• 1997

This study was designed to investigate the effects of methionine(Met) on the activities of brain lipid peroxidation related enzymes in ethanol administrated rats of selenium(Se) deficiency. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed Se deficiency diets containing one of the three levels of Met (0, 3, 9g/kg diet) and ethanol(2.5g/kg of body weight) was administrated as 25v/v% ethanol treated groups orally. The rats sacrificed after 5 and 10 weeks of feeding periods. Alcohol dehydrogenase activity was increased in ethanol treated groups and was higher Met normal group than Met deficiency and excessive groups at 5 and 10 weeks dieting. Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity was decreased in ethanol treated groups and significantly decreased in Met deficiency group. Monoamine oxidase activity in brain was increased in ethanol treated groups and was predominently increased in Met deficiency groups. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were decreased in ethanol treated groups and tended to increase in proportion to level of dietary methionine. Glutathione S-transferase and catalase activities and lipid peroxide content were increased by ethanol administration and were higher Met deficiency group than normal and excessive groups.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2003

This study was designed to test the effect of Korean traditional tea materials on oxygen-free radical metabolism in lead (Pb) -administered rats. Male rats were divided into normal, Pb-control (Pb-Con) and Pb-water extract of green tea (Camellia sinensis; GT) , persimmon leaf (Diospyros kaki; PL) , safflower seed (Carhamus tinctorius: SS) , Du-Zhong (Eucommia ulmoides; EU) groups, respectively. Pb intoxication was induced by administration of lead acetate (25 mg/kg. B.W., oral) weekly. The extract was administered based on 1.26 g of raw material/kg B.W./day for 4 weeks. When the GT, PL, SS and EU were supplemented to the Pb-administered rats, hepatic lipid peroxide levels were significantly lower compared to the Pb-Con group. Hepatic cytochrom P-450 content and aminopyrine N-demethylase activity was lower in the Pb-Con group than in the normal group, whereas xanthine oxidase activity was significantly elevated in Pb-administered rats. The water extract of GT, PL, SS and EU supplementation attenuated changes in enzyme activities generating reactive oxygen species in the liver. Hepatic superoxide dismutase, catalase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were significantly higher in the Pb-Con group than in the normal group, while monoamine oxidase activity also tended to increase in the Pb-administered rats. However, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities, and glutathione content significantly decreased through Pb intoxication. The supplementation of GT, PL, SS and EU induced alleviation changes of hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity.

• BMB Reports
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.741-748
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• 2004

The hepatitis C virus is associated with the development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinomas. Among the 10 polyproteins produced by the virus, no function has been clearly assigned to the non-structural 5A (NS5A) protein. This study was designed to identify the hepatocellular proteins that interact with NS5A of the HCV. Yeast two-hybrid experiments were performed with a human liver cDNA prey-library, using five different NS5A derivatives as baits, the full-length NS5A (NS5A-F, amino acid (aa) 1~447) and its four different derivatives, denoted as NS5A-A (aa 1~150), -B (aa 1~300), -C (aa 300~447) and D (aa 150~447). NS5A-F, NS5A-B and NS5A-C gave two, two and 10 candidate clones, respectively, including an AHNAK-related protein, the secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4), the N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1), the cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1 (CRABP-1), ferritin heavy chain (FTH1), translokin, tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (TACSTD2), phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4K) and $centaurin{\delta}$ 2 ($CENT{\delta}2$). However, NS5A-A produced no candidates and NS5A-D was not suitable as bait due to transcriptional activity. Based on an in vitro binding assay, CRABP-1, PI4K, $CENT{\delta}2$ and two unknown fusion proteins with maltose binding protein (MBP), were confirmed to interact with the glutathione S-transferase (GST)/NS5A fusion protein. Furthermore, the interactions of CRABP-1, PI4K and $CENT{\delta}2$ were not related to the PXXP motif (class II), as judged by a domain analysis. While their biological relevance is under investigation, the results contribute to a better understanding of the possible role of NS5A in hepatocellular signaling pathways.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2001

The biological activities of ethanol, ethanol: water(1 : 1v/v) and water extracts from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, glycyrrhizin and enzymatically hydrolyzed glycyrrhizin were compared. About 50% of the growth of MCF7, A549, Hep3B and AGS cells were inhibited in adding 1.0 g/L of the crude extracts, glycyrrhizin and enzymatically hydrolyzed glycyrrhizin. For example, the ethanol extract inhibited 76%, 66% in MCF7 and Hep3B cells by adding 1.0 g/L. For cytotoxicity on human normal liver cell(WRL-68), the crude extracts were scored as above 26%. For the result of antimutagenecity using CHO V79 cell, the crude extracts proved more effective than other samples. The growth of human immune B and T cells were enhanced up to $1.2{\sim}1.3$ times by adding the crude extracts. In inhibitory effect of ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ activity was showed that the ethanol extract, water extract and ethanol: water (1 : 1v/v) extract were appeared 65%, 68%, 62% in adding 1.0 g/L. The higher enhancement of glutathione -S-transferase activity was observed in the ethanol extract as 257% compared to the control in adding 1.0 g/L. From the results, the biological activities of the crude extracts were equivalent or higher than glycyrrhizin and enzymatically hydrolyzed glycyrrhizin.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.263-268
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• 1999

It was found that the level of alcohol concentration in both mouse and human sera can be significantly decreased up to 42% by oral administration of the mixtures of the extracts of Hovenia dulcis THUNB and Alnus japonica Steud. A single treatment of extract from Hovenia dulcis reduced the serum alcohol concentration to 32%, compared to 13% in treating the extract of Alnus japonica. Similar patterns were observed in enhancing alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and glutathion-S-transferase (GST) activity in the liver. The inhibition of cathepsin activity was also greatly reduced by administrating the mixture of both extracts : however, the extract of Alnus japonica did not affect the acitivity of cathepsin. It was concluded that the mixture of both extracts had synergic effect on reducing serum alcohol concentration and improving the detoxification process due to alcohol administration in the liver.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.782-789
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• 2012

This study was designed to evaluate the anti-metabolic syndrome effects of capsule-filled cheonggukjang (CGJ) added with arrowroot (Pueraria thunbergiana) extracts on body weight, adiposity and lipid metabolism in ob/ob mice. Experimental groups were normal control group (NC: basal diet), positive control group (PC: 2% CGJ), CGJ added with arrowroot extracts group (AR: 2% arrowroot in CGJ), and capsule-filled CGJ added with arrowroot extracts group (ARC: 2% arrowroot CGJ capsule). Each group was fed experimental diet for 10 weeks. Final body weight gain and atherogenic index were significantly lower in the ARC than NC group. Serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides, blood glucose and atherogenic index were significantly lower in the ARC than NC group. Furthermore, fatty liver and regional lipid accumultion in ob/ob mice were inhibited in the ARC group. The hepatic activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase were significantly higher in the ARC than NC group. Therefore, the anti-matabolic syndrome effects of the ARC group were higher than the AR group. In conclusion, these results indicated that CGJ added with arrowroot mediates its anti-obesity effects in ob/ob mice by improving lipid metabolism and antioxidant enzyme.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.458-463
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dandelion leaf (Taraxacum officinale) extracts on hepatic antioxidative system in high cholesterol-fed rats. Four groups of rats were given high cholesterol diets containing 10 g cholesterol/kg and 2.5 g sodium cholate/kg for 6 weeks. The control group received a diet without dandelion leaf extract and the other three groups received dandelion leaf extracts, ie, water, ethyl acetate and ether extracts, respectively. There were no significant difference in cytochrome P-450 contents among four groups. Hepatic xanthine oxidase activity was significantly lower in water extract group than the other three groups. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly lower in three dandelion leaf extract groups, but catalase activity was significantly higher in three dandelion leaf extract groups than control group. Glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities were significantly increased in water extract group than control group. Lipid peroxide content was decreased in water extract group than control group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.669-675
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• 2000

This study investigated the effect of Puerariae Flos (PF; flower of Puerariae plant) and Puerariae Radix (PR; root of Puerariae plant) water extracts on the activities on the activities of ethanol-metabolizing enzymes and free radical generating/scavenging enzymes of brain in ethanol-treated rats. Five groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered ethanol (25%, v/v) 5 g/kg body weight/day, and sacrificed 5 weeks post treatment. PF and PR water extracts were supplemented in a diet based on 1.2g (I) or 2.4 g (II) raw PF or PR/kg body weight/day. Alcohol dehydrogenase activity of brain was significantly lowered in PF of PR groups, whereas aldehyde dehydrogenase activity was significantly higher in PR groups than those of control and PF groups. Cytochrome P-450 content, aminopyrine D-methylase and aniline hydroxylase activities were decreased in both PF and PR groups compared to control group. Aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase activities tended to decrease by Puerariae plant extract supplemented goups and degree of decrease predominated in PRI. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase activities were increased in PF or PR groups, whereas glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities were significantly decrased by Puerariae plant extracts supplement. These results indicated that supplementation of PF or PR lowers free radical generating enzymes activities. It was suggested that the activities of ethanol metabolizing emzymes and antioxidant enzymes in brain can be enhanced by PF or PR supplement in ethanol-treated rats.