• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.418-426
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• 1990

This study examines the effects of choline deficiency and 2-acetylaminofluorene(2-AAF) on the lipid peroxide values, glucose 6-phosphatase(G6Pase) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in rats fed different dietary fats. Weanling Sprague Dawley male rats fed the diets containing 15% beef tallow or 15% corn oil with vitamin fortification mixture or choline free vitamin mixture for 10 weeks. At 3th and 5th week, 2-AAF was injected twice each week intraperitoneally. Total 2-AAF injection was four times. 2-AAF and choline deficiency increased lipid peroxidation in corn oil groups, so the role of 2-AAF and choline deficiency in lipid peroxidation was more important in corn oil groups than beef tallow groups. G6Pase activities tended to be decreased by 2-AAF in choline deficient groups, and in corn oil groups, the enzyme activities were decreased significantly in all subgroups compaired to beef tallow groups. GST activities were increased by 2-AAF in beef tallow groups and choline deficiency in corn oil groups, and might defence against carcinogen metabolism and lipid peroxidation.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.262-266
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• 2008

Purpose : Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a polymorphic supergene family of detoxification enzymes that are involved in the metabolism of numerous diseases. Several allelic variants of GSTs show impaired enzyme activity and are suspected to increase the susceptibility to diseases. Bilirubin is bound efficiently by GST members. The most commonly expressed gene in the liver is GSTM1, and GSTT1 is expressed predominantly in the liver and kidneys. To ascertain the relationship between GST and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, the distribution of the polymorphisms of GSTT1 and GSTM1 were investigated in this study. Methods : Genomic DNA was isolated from 88 patients and 186 healthy controls. The genotypes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results : The overall frequency of the GSTM1 null was lower in patients compared to controls (P=0.0187, Odds ratio (OR) =0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.31-0.88). Also, the GSTT1 null was lower in patients compared to controls (P=0.0014, OR=0.41, 95% CI=0.24-0.70). Moreover, the frequency of the null type of both, in the combination of GSTM1 and GSTT1, was significantly reduced in jaundiced patients (P=0.0008, OR=0.31, 95% CI=0.17-0.61). Conclusion : We hypothesized that GSTM1 and GSTT1 might be associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. However, the GSTT1 and GSTM1 null type was reduced in patients. Therefore the null GSTT1, null GSTM1, and null type of both in the combination of GSTM1 and GSTT1 may be not a risk factor of neonatal jaundice.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.219-223
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• 2003

The toxicity of chlorothalonil on the growth of yeasts was investigated using several yeast strains. An alcohol tolerant yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae F38-1, was the most chlorothalonil-tolerant. The glutathione content and the glutathione S-transferase activity were related to the chlorothalonil-tolerant phenotype. Several thiol compounds affect the dissipation of chlorothalonil. However, there was no significant difference on the effects of chlorothalonil dissipation among the thiol compounds tested. The growth of yeast cells was arrested by chlorothalonil. It took about 13 h to dissipate 1 mg/l of chlorothalonil, and the growth was restored as the chlorothalonil content decreased. The glutathione content and glutathione S-transferase are suggested to be among the most important factors of yeast resistance to chlorothalonil.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.138-140
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• 2005

A new crystal of helminth glutathione S-transferase, 28 kDa isozyme from Clonorchis sinensis has been grown from a 20% PEG MME 550 solution containing 50 mM $CaCl_{2}$ in 0.1 M bis-Tris buffer (pH 6.5) in $2{\sim}3$ days. The crystals diffract to $3.0{\AA}$ resolution and belong to the orthorhombic space group $P2_{1}2_{1}2_{1}$ with cell parameters $a=62.58{\AA},\;b=69.92{\AA},\;and\;c=339.67{\AA}$.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.182-187
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate glutathione S-transferase(GST) activity, tyrosinase inhibitory effect and elastase inhibitory effect in persimmon calyx(calyx of Diospyros kaki Thunberg) for screening of functional materials from natural products. As a result, EtOAc extract of persimmon calyx turned out to be having tyrosinase inhibitory effect and elastase inhibitory effect. The active constituents of tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory effect were isolated from EtOAc extract of persimmon calyx. Their structure of compounds were identified as ursolic acid and (-)-daucosterol by spectroscopic evidence, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.375-381
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• 1999

To evaluate the protective effects of extracts of silkworm on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase activities, malondialdehydes values and glutathione-S-transferase activity were measured in ICR mice. Extracts of silkworm was administered orally at 30min after the administration of CCl4 Mice were sacrificed at 24h after the administration of extracts of silkworm. The activities of serum aminotransferase and the hepatic content of lipid peroxide after carbon tetrachloride treatment were markedly increased than normal control but those levels were decreased by the treatment of butanol soluble fraction of silkworm methanol extract. Glutathione S-transferase activity was decreased by carbontetrachloride than control, but also inhibited by the treatment of butanol soluble fraction of silkworm methanol extract.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.1071-1076
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• 2001

Chemopreventive activities of polysaccharides from soybeans fermented with either Phellinus igniarius or Agrocybe cylindracea were investigated by measuring the induction of quinone reductase (QR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, and glutathione (GSH) levels in the cell culture along with inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis. The polysaccharides from soybeans fermented with P. igniarius strongly (p<0.005) induced QR activity at all concentrations tested. The extract not only induced GST activity in a dose-dependent manner in the concentration range of 0.1-1.0 mg, but significantly induced GSH revels in cultured Hepa 1c1c7 cells with a maximal 1.4-fold increase at 0.1 mg. The polysaccharides from soybeans fermented with A. cylindracea were effective in inhibiting polyamine metabolism. These results suggest that polysaccharides from soybeans fermented with P. igniarius or A. cylindracea have cancer chemopreventive activities in in vitro models and, therefore, could be considered as potential agents for cancer chemoprevention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 1991

The present study was undertaken in order to elucidate the effects of pretreatment with nicotinamide on changes in the hepatic metabolizing enzyme system inducted by streptozotocin (STZ). In rats, STZ(50mg/kg) administered by tail vein caused a significant rise in hepatic aniline hydroxylase and a decrease in aminopyrine N-demethylase when compared to control (p<0.05). Pretreatment with nicotinamice inhibited these effects (p<0.05). Similarly, STZ induced changes in hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 activity were inhibited by pretreatment with nicotinamide (p<0.05). However, changes in UDP-glucuronyl transferase and sulfortransferase activity were not significantly different(p>0.05). Pretreatment with nicotinamide also prevented STZ induced increases in glutathion S-tranferase activity when compared to the control(p<0.05). There results suggest that nicotinamide pretreatment suppresses STZ-induced changes in the hepatic metabolizing enzyme system.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.418-423
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• 2001

CC-MS analysis on the essential oil (CC-oil) of Cinnamomum cassia stem bark led to the identification of cinnamaldehyde (CNA, 1), 2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde (2-CNA), coumarin (2), and cinnamyl acetate. The major volatile flavor in CC-oil was found to be 2-CNA. Coumarin was first isolated from this plant by photochemical isolation and spectroscopic analysis. CNA and CC-oil showed potent cytotoxicity, which was effectively prevented by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) treatment. Intraperitoneal administration with CNA considerably decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and glutathione S-transferase activity in rats. These results suggest that CC-oil and CNA can regulate the triggering of hepatic drugmetabolizing enzymes by the formation of a glutathione-conjugate.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.355-365
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• 1997

This study was undertaken to examine the effect of Cheongahwan(CAH), being known to reinforce Kidney-yang, on the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and the production of oxygen free radicals in the kidney tissues. Alterations in enzyme activities were observed after in vivo treatment in rats. CAH caused a significant increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase. But catalase activity was not significantly altered by CAH. Treatment in vitro of CAH decreased the production of oxygen free radicals in a dose-dependent fashion. These results suggest that CAH stimulate the activities of antioxidant enzymes and inhibit directly the production of oxygen free radicals. These effects of CAH may contribute to prevent the oxygen free radical-induced impairment of cell function.