• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1139-1147
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• 2012

To find out the growth conditions for the maximum activity of nitrogenase which catalyzes nitrogen fixation in Rhodobacter sphaeroides, the promoter activities of nifA and nifH were analyzed and the results indicated that expression of both nifA and nifH was increased in response to deprivation of both O2 concentration and nitrogen source. The nifA mutant was constructed by deleting the gene to investigate the effect of NifA, the transcriptional regulator, on the nifH and nifA expression in R. sphaeroides. Analysis of expression of nif genes using the nifA::lacZ and nifH::lacZ fusions in the nifA mutant revealed that NifA acts as a positive activator for nifH and an autoregulator in its own expression. The promoter activities of nifA and nifH in the prrA mutant grown under anaerobic and ${NH_4}^+$-free conditions were derepressed, comparing with those of the wild-type grown under the same conditions, indicating that the prrA product acts as a positive regulator in expression of nifA and nifH.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.59-78
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• 1999

Although recently vigorous studies on environmental crime have contribute criminal respects to be advanced in our country, most of them are focused on German discussions about the theory of environmental crime or environmental criminal law. As each countries in criminal legislation for environmental protection have some distinctive characteristics not found in others, the study which is more helpful to regulate environmental crime can be extend to other country in the view of comparative law. Thus this Article overviews especially the environmental criminal enforcement program involving civil and administrative enforcement in the United States. Notwithstanding that enforcement is an evolving phenomenon that only recently appeared on the scene, there is widespread public support for it. Once viewed as mere economic or regulatory offence lacking an element of moral delict, environmental crimes now provoke moral outrage and prompt demands for severe sanction and strict enforcement. Many major provisions of modem environmental acts that imposed criminal liability have been added or significantly restructured during the last decade. Notable among them are the imposition of the felony penalties for federal environmental crimes and the enactment of the endangerment crime in federal environmental law. This Article approaches the characteristics of environmental criminal enforcement form introducing major federal environmental acts. It develops the result that, considering the difference that exist between Korea and United States in environmental criminal law, our proper environmental regulatory framework can be constituted.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.599-604
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• 2000

In order to study unsteady aerodynamic loads on high speed trains passing by each other at the speed of 350km/h, three-dimensional flow fields around trains during the crossing event are numerically simulated using the three-dimensional Euler equations. The Roe's FDS with MUSCL interpolation is employed to simulate wave phenomena properly. An efficient moving grid system based on domain decomposition techniques is developed to analyze the unsteady flow field induced by the restricted motion of a train on a rail. The numerical simulations of the trains passing by on the double-track are carried out to study the effect of the train nose-shape, the train length and the existence of tunnel when the crossing event occur. Unsteady aerodynamic loads side force and drag force-acting on the train during the crossing are numerically predicted and anlayzed. It is found that the strength of the side force mainly depends on the nose-shape, and that of drag force on tunnel existence. And it is observed that the push-pull like impulsive force successively acts on each car and acts in different directions between the neighborhood cars. The maximum change of the impulsive force reaches about 3 tons. These aerodynamic force data are absolutely necessary for the evaluation of the stability of the high speed multi-car train. The results also indicate the effectiveness of the present numerical method for the simulation of unsteady flow field induced by the bodies in the relative motion.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.547-554
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• 2018

Itching is a common clinical symptom of skin disease that significantly affects a patient's quality of life. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptors of keratinocytes and peripheral nerve fibers in skin are involved in the regulation of itching as well as pain. In this study, we investigated whether curcumin, which acts on TRPV1 receptors, affects histamine-induced itching in mice, using behavioral tests and electrophysiological approaches. We found that histamine-induced itching was blocked by topical application of curcumin in a concentration-dependent manner. In ex-vivo recordings, histamine-induced discharges of peripheral nerves were reduced by the application of curcumin, indicating that curcumin acts directly on peripheral nerves. Additionally, curcumin blocked the histamine-induced inward current via activation of TRPV1 (curcumin $IC_{50}=523nM$). However, it did not alter chloroquine-induced itching behavior in mice, which is associated with transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1). Taken together, our results suggest that histamine-induced itching can be blocked by topical application of curcumin through the inhibitory action of curcumin on TRPV1 receptors in peripheral nerves.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.649-660
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find empirical studies the causal relationship among positive defining representation, negative defining representation, surface acting, deep acting, dissatisfaction of job, and intention of job transfer. Methods: The collected data through the survey by customer satisfaction team of "A" company call center. Results: The result of this study is that emotion and behavior norm influence on deep act of expressing both positive impacts of the employees. Conclusion: Feelings of corporate representation norm is psychologically of employees that because it affects even also must facilitate the surface acts and internal acts of employees and job dissatisfaction at the same time due to emotional dissonance and emotional exhaustion and turnover are hidden on the back emotion norms in the contact department, it should be aware of the need to address the emotional problems. Companies need to develop a variety of programs with attention to addressing the emotional difficulties experienced by workers.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.751-758
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the influence of emotional labor on job burnout in dental hygienists based on the moderating effect of employee support. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire by Likert 5 point scale was completed by 219 dental hygienists in Ulsan and Gyeongbuk from March 15 to April 9, 2016. The study instruments consisted of emotional labor, job burnout og Maslach Burnout Inventory, and employee support. Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, Pearson's correlation, multiple regression analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS 18.0 program. Results: Surface acting had a positive influence on achievement and negative influence on impersonal chemistry. Inner acting had a positive influence on emotional burnout and achievement. Employee support had a moderating effect on emotional labor and job burnout. Conclusions: The strategy of emotional labor management for dental hygienists is very important for job burnout solution.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.7 no.2 s.15
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• pp.77-90
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• 1998

This study on the site of vision in the Villa Savoye of Le Corbusier, concentrates on the precise analysis of the meaning of 'fenetre on longueur' in the living room. A lots of architectural theorists have regarded the Villa Savoye of Le Corbusier as a symbol of modern architecture, and his 'fenetre on longueur' as products of modern technology. But Le Corbusier who defined himself as 'homme visuel', responded keenly to the vision conditions inherent to the human finitude, Indifferent to the modern technology, Such a response would be derived from the experience of Acropolis, where 'the scheme was designed to be seen from a distance.' Generally speaking, 'fenetre en longueur', contra to 'porte-fenetre', makes one to focus on the panorama effect of the horizon, including a distant view. Entering the living room of Villa Savoye, however, we may perceive this window in two ways. Firstly this window acts as a screen to obstruct not to see outside, because of the wall above pressing down the line of view. Secondly this acts as a frame to make us see a distant view as far as eye can reach. These two ways result in the abbreviation of near view, and a sudden shift between a inferiority(derived from 'screen effect') and a distant view(from 'frame effect'). Depending on such a observation, this study can evaluate 'fenetre en longueur' internalizing of a distant view as the highest compressed scene of Le Corbusier's architectural poetics.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.19
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• pp.1-20
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• 2005

In spite of the ethics of sangsaeng is based on Daesoon thoughts, we can regard it as a moral theory independent on religion. Like other reasonable moral theories, It has three levels, moral standard, moral rules and moral acts or judgements. Sangsaeng is moral standard in the ethics of sangsaeng. moral rules are derived from it and could justify many particular moral judgements and acts. The ethics of sangsaeng belongs to metaphysical ethics and holistic ethics because it is derived holistic, sangsaeng's world view of Daesoon thoughts. The ethics of sangsaeng, first of all, extends the realm of moral community to all beings of world. Therefore it might works well on as a solution for environmental problem recently issued. Secondly, because beings are fundamentally all equal in holistic world, the principle of equality is basic principle in the ethics of sangsaeng. Finally, in relation to the principle of equality, the ethics of sangsaeng needs 'Haewon' as the first moral rule because it is a practical method for solution to various social inequality - racism, sexism, regionalism and so on.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.352-361
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is that incident shock of special guards examines closely impact getting in job stress and coping ability. This study used judgement sampling method after establish special guards who is working at airport of capital region area in 2011 by population, and sample numbers used on interpretation finally were total 239 people. Questionnaire used in this study was consisted of the total 67 question, and executed frequency analysis, Factor analysis, reliability analysis, regression analysis by SPSSWIN 18.0. reliability of questionnaire appeared more than Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ value .779. Conclusion of this study was as following. First, incident shock of special guards affects in job stress. That is, stress about personal relations increases as invasion is often repeated. Also, stress about role increases as hyperarousal is often repeated. Second, incident shock of special guards affects in coping ability. That is, problem central coping ability decreases as hyperarousal is often repeated. On the other hand, problem central coping ability increases as evasion tendency acts continuously. Third, job stress of special guards affects in coping ability. That is, problem central coping ability increases as feeling of helplessness for job characteristic acts. On the other hand, problem central coping ability, social support pursuit ability decreases as ambiguity about role acts high.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.33-41
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• 2010

This study aims to analyze the typological characteristics of Alvar Aalto's library design. The unique characteristics of Aalto's architecture are the result of accommodating Modern architecture with regional qualities of Finland. Besides this, Aalto's typological approach in design made his color. The library might be the best example for understanding his design approach in that he showed 3 main features of type; wholeness, self-control and transformation. He established architectural types in his 30s through Viipuri public library and developed so-called fan type library plan. Aalto's library type is not a simple copy of exterior and interior form. It acts as a principle of configuration of his library architecture and applied to the building. Therefore, Aalto's library architecture can be recognized as the results of typological design approach in that it shows the transformation of type in according to factors including site, size, region and cultural tradition. In conclusion, Aalto's libraries reveal the typological characteristics in the field of building layout, dynamic space and the effective use of light.