• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.469-474
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• 2018

In this study, the capacity and FTIR of polycarbonate film that was degraded for 2, 4, and 8 h in a thermostat at $180^{\circ}C$ was measured. The results of this study are as follows. It was found that the capacity decreased with increasing degradation time and frequency. This findings suggest that the attraction between molecules and amorphous polycarbonate increased because it contains the ketone group (-C=O-) and the chain of dioxides group (-O-R-O-). Measurement by FTIR found that the time of thermal degradation has a smaller impact because the transmutation or variation of the material does not occur. Measurement by SEM magnified 1,000 times found that a longer thermal degradation time results in thermal decomposition of the specimen's particles.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.195-206
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• 2002

The conjugate heat transfer from the simulated module in a horizontal channel with the variation of inlet air temperature is experimentally investigated. The aim of this study is to estimate temperature difference between a module and inlet air. This study is performed with the variation of parameters that are inlet air temperature(Ti=25~$55^{\circ}C), thermal resistance( $R_c$=0.05, 4.11, 158 K/W), inlet air velocity(Vi=0.1~1.5m/s), and input power(Q=3, 7 W). The results show that the effect of inlet air temperature is little, at the case of using conductive board. And input power was most effective parameter on the temperature difference between module and Inlet air.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2023

An accessory submandibular gland is a rare variation. As such, there is limited literature regarding the embryology, anatomy, variations, clinical imaging, and pathology of the accessory submandibular gland. In this article, we review the existing literature on the accessory submandibular gland from clinical and anatomical perspectives. The goal of this review is to provide comprehensive knowledge of this variation which can be useful for oral and maxillofacial/head and neck surgeons, radiologists, and anatomists. Within this review, the embryologic origin as well as the anatomy of the accessory submandibular gland is detailed. Several imaging modalities which can be used to visualize the accessory submandibular gland are outlined as well as its variations. Lastly, this review investigates several reported clinical considerations regarding the accessory submandibular gland including sialoliths, Wharton's duct obstruction, and pleomorphic adenoma.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.190-196
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• 2009

The temperature of root zone is known as an important factor for the growth of crops and reduction of energy in greenhouse. The purpose of this study was to design the solar energy supply system to keep the optimum condition of root zone by soil warming. As a result of this study, soil warming compared with no warming changed on a large scale temperature rise effect by depth of soil. The greenhouse's inner temperature have an effect on the temperature of surface up to 15 cm, rised to about 1 hour after warming. In case of the temperature fluctuation, soil temperature was about $12^{\circ}C$ up to 15${\sim}$25 cm and it was $13.4^{\circ}C$ at greater depths. This results showed that the position of root zone was very different after 3 weeks of growth.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.62-71
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• 2014

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of menopausal adaptation and Sanhujori (Korean traditional postnatal care) on the Health-related quality of life in middle-aged women. Methods: Women aged from 45 to 60 completed questionnaires consisting of SF-36 ver. 2 and menopausal adaptation scale between July to Aug, 2013. Two hundred and eighteen participants' data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Results: Physical health ($69.5{\pm}15.1$) was better than mental health ($68.8{\pm}17.1$), and bodily pain and social functioning were the same results as 2009 general U.S. population, with the sub-variables of quality of life being lower. Menopausal adaptation was at moderate level, and correlation of its sub-variables with quality of life were significant: fatigue (r=.60, p<.001), accomplishing feeling (r=.55, p<.001), confidence (r=.54, p<.001), dryness (r=.51, p<.001), flush (r=.38, p<.001), dominance (r=-.36, p<.001), stability (r=.26, p<.001). Fatigue, confidence, stability, period of sanhujori, and dryness revealed as influencing quality of life, while the total variation explained by these components was at 52%. Conclusion: To improve quality of life of middle aged women, health care providers need to provide nursing intervention to relieve fatigue and dryness; and address psychosocial concerns with developing nursing strategies to improve stability and confidence. For post-partum women, enough periods of sanhujori needs to be recommended.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.708-713
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• 2013

한국항공우주연구원(KARI)은 고고도 전기추진 장기체공 무인기(EAV-3)를 개발하고 있는 중 이다. 우선 고고도 상승 기술 시연을 위한 축소형 비행체 EAV-2H를 개발하였고 EAV-2H로 초도 비행시험을 수행한 결과 측풍에 대한 방향 안정성 및 조종성의 향상이 요구되므로 Advanced Aircraft Analysis(AAA)를 이용한 수직 꼬리날개와 방향타의 재설계를 진행하였다. 방향 조종성을 개선하기위해 방향타의 크기를 기존의 평균 방향타 시위대 수직 꼬리날개 시위 $C_r/C_v(%)=30$을 $C_r/C_v(%)=60$로 늘려 EAV-2H가 가지는 측풍에 대한 방향 조종성(${\beta}(deg)=25^{\circ}$, $v_1(m/sec)=3.54$)을 개선하였다. 또한, 측풍에 의해 발생하는 측력(side force)의 영향을 최소화하기위해 EAV-2H의 수직미익 크기를 기존 대비 15% 줄여(최소한의 방향 안정성 확보, $Cn_{\beta}=0.0588rad^{-1}$), $C_{y_{\beta}}$는 15% $C_{y_r}$는 22% 감소시킴으로써 측풍이 EAV-2H에 미치는 영향을 최소화 하였다. 설계된 EAV-2H의 꼬리날개의 성능은 비행 시험을 통해 검증하였고 그 결과를 적용하여 고고도 장기체공 전기추진 무인기(EAV-3)의 꼬리날개를 설계하였다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1992년도 춘계 학술대회지
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• pp.134-135
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• 1992

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2023

We investigated Soil respiration in Bluepine forest of western Bhutan, in relation to soil temperature, moisture content and soil pH and it was aimed at establishing variability in space and time. The Bluepine forest thrives in the typical shallow dry valleys in the inter-montane Bhutan Himalaya, which is formed by ascending wind from the valley bottom, which carries moisture from the river away to the mountain ridges. Stratified random sampling was applied and the study site was classified into top, mid, low slope and further randomized sample of n=20 from 30 m×30 m from each altitude. The overall soil respiration mean for the forest was found 2248.17 CO₂ g yr^-1 and it is ~613.58 C g yr^-1. The RS from three sites showed a marginal variation amongst sites, lower slope (2,309 m) was 4.64 μ mol m^-2 s^-1, mid slope (2,631 m) was 6.78 μ mol m^-2 s^-1 and top slope (3,027 m) was 6.33 μ mol m^-2 s^-1 and mean of 5.92 μ mol m^-2 s^-1, SE=0.25 for the forest. Temporal distribution and variations were observed more pronounced than in the space variation. Soil respiration was found highest during March and lowest in September. Soil temperature had almost inverse trend against soil respiration and dropped a low in February and peak in July. The moisture in the soil changed across months with precipitation and pH remained almost consistent across the period. The soil respiration and soil temperature had significant relationship R²=-0.61, p=0.027 and other variables were found insignificant. Similar relationship are reported for dry season in a tropical forest soil respiration. Soil temperature was found to have most pronounced effect on the soil respiration of the forest under study.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.566-575
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• 2008

Twenty-five chipmunk species occur in the world, of which only the Siberian chipmunk, Tamias sibiricus, inhabits Asia. To investigate mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence variations and population structure of the Siberian chipmunk in northeastern Asia, we examined mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences (1140 bp) from 3 countries. Analyses of 41 individuals from South Korea and 33 individuals from Russia and northeast China resulted in 37 haplotypes and 27 haplotypes, respectively. There were no shared haplotypes between South Korea and Russia - northeast China. Phylogenetic trees and network analysis showed 2 major maternal lineages for haplotypes, referred to as the S and R lineages. Haplotype grouping in each cluster was nearly coincident with its geographic affinity. In particular, 3 distinct groups were found that mostly clustered in the northern, central and southern parts of South Korea. Nucleotide diversity of the S lineage was twice that of lineage R. The divergence between S and R lineages was estimated to be 2.98-0.98 Myr. During the ice age, there may have been at least 2 refuges in South Korea and Russia - northeast China. The sequence variation between the S and R lineages was 11.3% (K2P), which is indicative of specific recognition in rodents. These results suggest that T. sibiricus from South Korea could be considered a separate species. However, additional information, such as details of distribution, nuclear genes data or morphology, is required to strengthen this hypothesis.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2013

2011년과 2012년 하계에 제주도 서귀포에서 줄자돔속 어류로 추정되는 치어 7개체(체장 16.1~29.1 mm)가 채집되었다. 그중 5개체(체장 20.8~29.1 mm)는 몸 중앙에 황색의 뚜렷한 가로줄무늬와 가슴지느러미 기저에 작은 검은색 반점이 1개 있고 꼬리지느러미가 노란색을 띠는 점에서 동갈자돔(Abudefduf notatus)과 유사하였다. 그러나, 상대적으로 크기가 작은 2개체(체장 16.1 mm, 17.0 mm)는 다열의 밝은 가로줄무늬가 있고 두부의 앞쪽과 배지느러미를 제외한 모든 지느러미 연조부가 투명한 점에서 앞서 5개체와 차이를 보였다. 미토콘드리아 16S rRNA 영역 578bp를 분석한 결과, 본 개체는 동갈자돔 성어와 95% bootstrap 값으로 일치하였다(genetic distance, d=0.002). 따라서, 본 연구를 통해 동갈자돔 치어 중 20.8 mm 이상 개체는 성어와 유사한 체색을 나타내었으나 그보다 작은 16.1 mm개체에서는 성어와 다른 체색을 보여 본 종은 어린 시기에 체색이 변하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 이들이 어린 시기에 포식자로부터 자신을 방어하기 위한 생존전략으로 사료된다