• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.372-378
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• 1996

The phtoreflectance(PR) spectra of B ion implanted semi-insulating(SI) GaAs were studied. Ion implantation was performed by 150keV implantation energy and 1*10/aup 12/-10$^{15}$ ions/c $m^{2}$ doses. Electronic band structure was damaged by ion implantation with above 1*10$^{13}$ ions/c $m^{2}$ dose. When samples were annealed, " peak was observed at 30-40meV below band gap( $E_{g}$). It should be noted that this energy is close to the ionization energies of S $i_{As}$ , and GeAs in G $a_{As}$ which are also found as impurities in LEC GaAs, it is therefore possible that this feature is related to S $i_{As}$ , or G $e_{As}$ and B ions by implanted defect associated with them. From PR spectra of etched samples which is as-implanted by 1*10$^{14}$ and 1*10$^{15}$ ions/c $m^{2}$ dose, the depth of destroyed electronic band structure was from surface to 0.2.mu.m below surface.nic band structure was from surface to 0.2.mu.m below surface.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.1366-1375
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• 2008

To verify correct operation of measuring instruments, we request the verification of measuring instrument to the agency that holds inspection devices. This works requires time and cost to the company. For this reason. We proposed "Smart Network Interface Card Model" for remote control of measuring instruments. Our model based on Web adapter, can add, delete and change the program to an existing web adapter from remote system. Furthermore, more than one program can be loaded, and can be updated from the remote system of internet. And also we can change the verification requirement of measuring instrument, hence it makes more good quality and competitive power of instruments.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.141-151
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• 2008

Purpose: This study aimed at applying a standardized nursing process to adult surgery patients of post anesthetic care unit, and examining the validity of linkages in the measuring index of nursing outcome by which nursing outcome was applied. Method: The subjects were 184 surgery adult patients admitted at the post anesthetic care unit of Y university hospital. This study was used the measured tool developed by Choi et al.(2004) and by Lee (2004) who had already verified a validity based on Johnson and Bulechek's study(2001). Results: The nursing diagnosis of an acute pain, an urinary retention, a nausea, a decreased cardiac output, an ineffective airway clearance and an ineffective airway clearance were used in taking care for patients. The related factors according to the main nursing diagnosis were as the following: an injurious physical factor in an acute pain, reflex are inhibition in an urinary retention, post surgical anesthesia in a nausea, stroke volume change in a decreased cardiac output, secretory stasis in an ineffective airway clearance, pain in an ineffective breathing pattern. Conclusion: The study results could be facilitated in nursing process application for nurses at post anesthetic care unit. Also this study would provide basic data to develop a computerized program for the improvement of nursing process application.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.518-529
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• 1999

The purpose of this research was to develop a nursing intervention list for family caregivers. The specific steps were as follows : 1. Analyze the concept, Soobal, based on literature review and case observation. 2. Generate an initial list of defining activities for ‘Caregiver Support : Soobal’. 3. Validate the defining activities. 4. Complete the final list of defining activities. A two-round Delphi questionnaire with an adaptation of Fehring's methodology was used to establish the content validity of intervention, Caregiver Support : Soobal. The definition of ‘Caregiver Support : Soobal’ was provision of the necessary information, advocacy, and support to facilitate primary patient care by someone other than a health care professional in Korean traditional manners. Ten nurse experts participated in Round I and II of this study. They were asked to rate activities that examplified the interventions on a scale of 1 (activity is not at all characteristic) to 5 (activity is very characteristic). Round I contained 15 ‘critical’ activities and 10 ‘supporting’ activities, while round II contained 16 ‘critical’ activities and 6 ‘supporting’ activities. No activities were considered to be ‘nonsupporting’ in both round I and II. Finally, the definition and 25 defining activities were developed. Intervention, Caregiver Support : Soobal, attained an ICV score of .82. This study provides a protocol model to develop Korean nursing interventions.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.359-365
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• 2013

Companies recently tend to move their business sites to a customer-centered location and the work place is changed from specific time and place to a working environment of anytime and anywhere the job can be done. Therefore, the design and implementation of business-work management system using mobile applications has been actively researched. In this study, the business-work management system, a mobile application using GPS, is immediately transmitted to ERP system and is stored into a company's formula DB, at such sites outside the company as business trip destinations, training institutions, and outside meetings, through smartphone-based GPS location information using WiFi, 3G, LTE, or 4G. In this way, it is aimed to design and develop the mobile application system to obtain rapid authorization in connection with electro nic document approval system. Also, this study is to measure the system's productivity and expected effects through the users' survey results by actual application of the designed and developed system to companies.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.635-642
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• 2004

The traditional communication protocols such as TCP/IP are not suitable for PC cluster systems because of their high software processing overhead. To eliminate this overhead, industry leaders have defined the Virtual Interface Architecture (VIA). VIA provides two different data transfer mechanisms, a traditional Send/Receive model and the Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) model. RDMA is extremely efficient way to reduce software overhead because it can bypass the OS and use the network interface controller (NIC) directly for communication, also bypass the CPU on the remote host. In this paper, we have implemented VIA-based RDMA mechanism in hardware. Compared to the traditional Send/Receive model, the RDMA mechanism improves latency and bandwidth. Our RDMA mechanism can also communicate without using remote CPU cycles. Our experimental results show a minimum latency of 12.5${\mu}\textrm{s}$ and a maximum bandwidth of 95.5MB/s. As a result, our RDMA mechanism allows PC cluster systems to have a high performance communication method.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.70-77
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• 2013

Construction industry is broadly agreed as one of the most important sectors of any economy around the world. In this paper, time series data of Korean construction industry and Korean economy are examined. The Bon's proposition will be inspected for Korean context using both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. The analysis of the longer than four decades national account statistic of the Korean macro economy verify Bon's proposition of an inverted U-shaped relationships. The verified U-shaped relationships for Korean context exist not only in terms of the construction share in total GDP but also in terms of total construction volume as an economy develops from LDC to NIC and then to AIC eventually with time. The results of the thesis show that the contribution towards the macro economy has varied across different stages of development.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.41
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• pp.153-183
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• 2014

Nowadays, proactive intelligence activities are required because of enhanced nation wide threats of terrorism and complexity of multidimensional factors of national security. South Korea not only need to draw up plans of information sharing among agencies for more effective national intelligence activities, but also have to evaluate the structure of Domestic Intelligence Agency and its right direction of activities. In this vein, this paper conducts comparative studies of structures and range of activities of intelligence Agencies by reviewing U.K, U.S.A, and France cases and suggests a potential model of 'domestic information specified agency' that we can adopt and methods to share information among agencies. The focus of this paper is on the reviewing of necessity of establishing new 'domestic information specified agency' which will mainly conduct anti-terrorism and counterintelligence activities, and its appropriate form. After reviewing the cases of U.K, U.S.A. and France, we conclude that overcoming the people's distrust about an invasion of freedom and rights caused by centralized and integrated independent intelligence agency is a prerequisite. Disputable issues of FBI, DHS, and South Korea's intelligence agency cases suggest that plans for restoring trust have to be considered if a new 'domestic information specified agency' is established in NIS. If it is established under government ministries such as MSPA focusing on implementing anti-terrorism and counterintelligence activities, organizations such as NCTC, NIC, that can carry out information sharing and cooperating with agencies concerned have to be established. Additionally, measures to solve structural problems caused by carrying out law enforcement functions by domestic information specified agency should be considered.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.651-661
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• 2003

Purpose: This is the descriptive research project of which purpose is to acquire the practice, research, and educational data by establishing the database after confirming, classifying, and relating the nursing diagnosis, nursing intervention, and nursing outcome of Breast cancer patients by using the Yoo Hyung-sook's(2001) related 3N database model as the tool. Method : The Nursing Data occurring on Breast cancer patients nursing process was mapped to nursing diagnosis of NANDA, nursing interventions of NIC, nursing outcomes of NOC the 3N database linkage database which is related with the nursing process that was developed by using Yoo Hyung-sook's(2001). Result : 1. The nursing diagnosis were totally 505, and 26 articles of the nursing diagnosis were applied among 149 nursing diagnosis classification systems. 2. As for the nursing intervention, 250 articles(5l.4%) of nursing intervention were applied among 486 nursing intervention classification systems. 3. Regarding the nursing outcome, 28 articles(1l.2%l of the nursing outcome were applied among 250 nursing outcome classification systems. Conclusion: The result of this research in which the relating among the nursing diagnosis, nursing intervention, and nursing outcome of Breast cancer patients by using 3N nursing database was established is thought to be applied in the research and practice as well as to be utilized in the lecture or practice of the nursing process.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.50-62
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• 2003

Exposure to metalworking fluids (MWFs) has significantly been associated with cancer developed in multi-organs, respiratory diseases and skin diseases. Several carcinogens to humans or animals are contained in MWFs. They have been reported to be mineral oils, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), formaldehyde and N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA). The great hazards of MWF have forced the advanced country including United States to regulate carcinogens contained in MWF. In 2001, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIHs) regarded MWF mist as suspected carcinogen to human (A2) and added it to “Notice of Intended Change (NIC)” list of 2001. In spite of the fact that much MWF has widely been used in many industries using machines, Korea has no legal actions for management of MWF. What is worse, even toxicity such as Carcinogenicity has not been reported. KS (Korean Standards) lists 7 advices of MWF but it does net state the hazards to health. It is very hard to control or minimize worker's exposure to MWF containing many carcinogens. Prier to the introduction of MWF to workplace, it is the most effective measure to regulate carcinogens below a certain level. Regulation on the content of PAH seems to be necessary because less amount of PAH in mineral oils improves the quality of MWF. Also, addition of nitrosating groups to MWF should be prohibited to minimize worker's exposure to NDELA. Employers and manufacturers should indicate the Carcinogenicity of all carcinogens in MWFs in Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) in order fer workers to recognize Carcinogenicity. Legal actions have to be taken to protect workers from health hazards due to exposure to MWF by further investigation on MWF.