• Title/Summary/Keyword: S-101

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Comparison of Treatment Planning System(TPS) and actual Measurement on the surface under the electron beam therapy with bolus (전자선 치료 시 Bolus를 적용한 경우 표면선량의 Treatment Planning System(TPS) 계산 값과 실제 측정값의 비교)

  • Kim, Byeong Soo;Park, Ju Young;Park, Byoung Suk;Song, Yong Min;Park, Byung Soo;Song, Ki Weon
    • The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.163-170
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    • 2014
  • Purpose : If electron, chosen for superficial oncotherapy, was applied with bolus, it could work as an important factor to a therapy result by showing a drastic change in surface dose. Hence the calculation value and the actual measurement value of surface dose of Treatment Planning System (TPS) according to four variables influencing surface dose when using bolus on an electron therapy were compared and analyzed in this paper. Materials and Methods : Four variables which frequently occur during the actual therapies (A: bolus thickness - 3, 5, 10 mm, B: field size - $6{\time}6$, $10{\time}10$, $15{\time}15cm2$, C: energy - 6, 9, 12 MeV, D: gantry angle - $0^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$) were set to compare the actual measurement value with TPS(Pinnacle 9.2, philips, USA). A computed tomography (lightspeed ultra 16, General Electric, USA) was performed using 16 cm-thick solid water phantom without bolus and total 54 beams where A, B, C, and D were combined after creating 3, 5 and 10 mm bolus on TPS were planned for a therapy. At this moment SSD 100 cm, 300 MU was investigated and measured twice repeatedly by placing it on iso-center by using EBT3 film(International Specialty Products, NJ, USA) to compare and analyze the actual measurement value and TPS. Measured film was analyzed with each average value and standard deviation value using digital flat bed scanner (Expression 10000XL, EPSON, USA) and dose density analyzing system (Complete Version 6.1, RIT, USA). Results : For the values according to the thickness of bolus, the actual measured values for 3, 5 and 10 mm were 101.41%, 99.58% and 101.28% higher respectively than the calculation values of TPS and the standard deviations were 0.0219, 0.0115 and 0.0190 respectively. The actual values according to the field size were $6{\time}6$, $10{\time}10$ and $15{\time}15cm2$ which were 99.63%, 101.40% and 101.24% higher respectively than the calculation values and the standard deviations were 0.0138, 0.0176 and 0.0220. The values according to energy were 6, 9, and 12 MeV which were 99.72%, 100.60% and 101.96% higher respectively and the standard deviations were 0.0200, 0.0160 and 0.0164. The actual measurement value according to beam angle were measured 100.45% and 101.07% higher at $0^{\circ}$ and $15^{\circ}$ respectively and standard deviations were 0.0199 and 0.0190 so they were measured 0.62% higher at $15^{\circ}$ than $0^{\circ}$. Conclusion : As a result of analyzing the calculation value of TPS and measurement value according to the used variables in this paper, the values calculated with TPS on 5 mm bolus, $6{\time}6cm2$ field size and low-energy electron at $0^{\circ}$ gantry angle were closer to the measured values, however, it showed a modest difference within the error bound of maximum 2%. If it was beyond the bounds of variables selected in this paper using electron and bolus simultaneously, the actual measurement value could differ from TPS according to each variable, therefore QA for the accurate surface dose would have to be performed.

New Dispersion Function in the Rank Regression

  • Choi, Young-Hun
    • Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.101-113
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    • 2002
  • In this paper we introduce a new score generating (unction for the rank regression in the linear regression model. The score function compares the $\gamma$'th and s\`th power of the tail probabilities of the underlying probability distribution. We show that the rank estimate asymptotically converges to a multivariate normal. further we derive the asymptotic Pitman relative efficiencies and the most efficient values of $\gamma$ and s under the symmetric distribution such as uniform, normal, cauchy and double exponential distributions and the asymmetric distribution such as exponential and lognormal distributions respectively.

S-100 기반 복수 제품표준 뷰어 개발 연구

  • Gang, Dong-U;O, Se-Ung;Jeong, Jung-Sik
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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    • 2016.05a
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    • pp.312-313
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    • 2016
  • S-100은 다양한 제품사양을 개발하기 위한 범용 지리정보 표준이다. 제품사양은 데이터 산출이나 서비스에 대한 기술적 설명으로 S-100을 기반으로 다양한 제품사양을 개발하는 것은 제품사양 간에 데이터 교환 및 호환성을 보장하여 체계적인 관리를 위함이다. S-100은 묘화절차도 표준 내에 정의하고 있다. 묘화절차는 다수의 묘화계층을 정의하고 최소 묘화 단위 개체마다 묘화계층을 지정하여 화면에 묘화하는 방식이다. 본 연구에서는 표준에서 정의하는 묘화절차를 준수하여 S-100 기반 복수 제품표준 뷰어를 개발하였다. 본 연구의 결과물은 S-100을 준수하는 S-100 기반 복수 제품표준 뷰어로써, S-101 전자해도를 기반으로 S-412 Weather 등의 정보를 묘화절차에 따라 복수 제품 간에 묘화 계층구조를 공유하여 조화롭게 묘화할 수 있도록 구현하였다.

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Cloning and Nucleotide Sequence of the recA Gene from Shigella sonnei KNIH104S Isolated in Korea

  • Park, Yong-Chjun;Shin, Hee-Jung;Kim, Young-Chang
    • BMB Reports
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    • v.32 no.5
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    • pp.436-439
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    • 1999
  • Shigella sonnei is an important cause of human enteric infections. S. sonnei KNIH104S was previously reported to be isolated from Korean shigellosis patients. We cloned a 2.8-kb KpnI fragment containing the recA gene encoding a recombinase from the chromosomal DNA of S. sonnei KNIH104S. This recombinant plasmid was named pRAK28. E. coli HB101, a recA mutant, cannot grow on Luria-Bertani medium in the presence of the alkylating agent methylmethane sulfonate, however, E. coli HB101 harboring pRAK28 was found to grow on this medium. As far as we know, we are the first to sequence the recA gene from S. sonnei. This gene is composed of 1062 base pairs with an ATG initiation codon and a TAA termination codon. Nucleotide sequence comparison of the S. sonnei recA gene exhibited 99.7% and 99.5% identity with those of S. flexneri and E. coli, respectively.

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Resyllabification in English: A phonetic study of word-medial /s/ (영어 어중 /s/의 음성분석을 통한 영어 재음절화 연구)

  • Lim, Jina;Oh, Mira
    • Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.101-110
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    • 2018
  • This study aimed to show that Selkirk's concept of resyllabification offers a better analysis than Kahn's ambisyllabification to account for phonetic resyllabification. We conducted two production experiments to investigate the acoustic characteristics of the English /s/ in real words and nonce words. Ten English native speakers and six English native speakers participated in experiment 1 and experiment 2, respectively. Three acoustic cues - frication duration, center of gravity and aspiration duration of word-medial /s/ - were measured. We found that these three cues of the word-medial /s/ were realized significantly differently depending on the stresshood and openness of the preceding syllable. We preferred Selkirk's resyllabification to Kahn's ambisyllabification to explain this result because the word-medial and intervocalic /s/ behaved as the coda (as opposed to the onset) when the preceding syllable was stressed and open. The result thus suggested that two conditions must be met for the resyllabification rule to apply in English: a word-medial consonant is resyllabified only when its preceding syllable is stressed and open.