• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.588-596
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• 2010

This study suggest the size designation and standard nude size in relation to upper and lower garments for casual clothing brands targeting men aged 25 to 34. The nude size designation of upper garments was set at intervals of 5cm based on the bust (97cm). The clothing industry has used different nude size and designations; therefore, the following measurements were established to correspond to each other: bust 87cm- designation 90, bust 92cm- designation 95, bust 97 cm-designation 100, bust 102cm- designation 105, and bust 107cm- designation 110. The nude size designation of lower garments was set at intervals of 2cm based on the waist circumference (omphalion) and the nude size; the clothing designations were used equally. In addition, the standard nude size for upper and lower garments was set at intervals of bust (97cm) and of waist circumference (82cm), respectively, in order to suggest a detailed size.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.475-479
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• 1996

Diethylcarbamazine (DEC, 1-diethylcarbamyl-4-methylpiperazine) is an antiparasitic piperazine derivative used in the treatment of lymphatic filariasis caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi or grugia timori. DEC-N-oxide is a major metabolite in humans and has antifilarial activity. In carrying out pharmacokinetic studies, gas chromatographic analysis of DEC in plasma can be complicated by the presence of the metabolite, since the thermally unstable DEC-N-oxide is converted back to a material which coelutes with DEC under the conditions of the analysis. We now report a method to separate DEC-N-oxide from DEC in plasma using solid phase extraction with subsequent gas chromatographic analysis using a nitrogen specific detector. One-diethylcarbamyl-4-ethylpiperazine (E-DEC) was the internal standard. The standard curve of DEC was linear in the range of 10 to 200 ng/ml as described by Y=0.0350+0.0128X, $R^2=0.999$. The limit of quantitation was 4 ng/mL. Reproducibility at 10, 100 and 200 ng/mL concentration points of the standard curve gave coefficient variations of 6.1%, 7.8% and 1.6%, respectively. The recovery following solid phase extraction was 99.3% for DEC and 94.8% for the internal standard. This sensitive and specific analytical method is suitable for pharmacokinetic studies of DEC.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2001

This study was carried out to evaluate the uncertainty in the analysis of total alkaloids and reducing sugar content in flue-cured tobacco. The sources of uncertainty associated with the analysis of total alkaloids and reducing sugar were the weighing of sample, the preparation of extracting solution, the addition of extracting solution into the sample, the preparation of standard solution, the precision of calibration curve for standard solution, the reproducibility of analysis, and the determination of water content in tobacco, etc. For the calculating uncertainties, Type A of uncertainty was evaluated by the statistical analysis of a series of observation, and Type B by the information based on supplier’s catalogue and/or certificated of calibration. It was shown that the main source of uncertainty was caused by the calibration curve of standard solution, the reproducibility of analysis, the volume measurement of 1$m\ell$, and the purity of nicotine reference material in the preparation of standard solution. The uncertainty in the addition of extracting solution, the sample weighing, the volume measurement of 100$m\ell$, and the determination of water content of tobacco contributed relatively little to the overall uncertainty. The expanded uncertainty of total alkaloids and reducing sugar in flue-cured tobacco at 95% level of confidence was $\pm$0.12% and $\pm$0.54%, respectively.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.16-24
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• 1973

국산원료(國産原料)를 활용(活用)한 복합분(複合粉)으로 빵을 만들고 그들의 품질(品質)을 조사한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 보리빵의 제조(製造)에 있어서, 표준 밀가루빵(speciffic loaf volume, SLV : 3.3)과 동일(同一)한 formula로 제조(製造) 할 때, 그 SLV 는 1.3(물 100%)으로 아주 낮았으나 탈지대두분(脫脂大豆粉)을 10% 혼합(混合)하면 1.7(물 100%)로 증가하였다. 한편 분질개량(粉質改良)을 위한 여러 가지 첨가제중(添加劑中)에서 1.5% GMS + 0.5% CSL 의 경우가 가장 우수하였다. (SLV : 2.0, 물 100%) 이에 다시 밀가루를 혼합(混合)하면 가장 효과적(效果的)이었는 바, 보리가루의 25%를 밀가루로 대체하면 그 SLV 는 2.8(물 90%)로, 50%의 경우는 3.2(물 90%)로 증가하여 표준빵과 비슷하였으며, 빵색깔도 우수하였다. 2) 고구마빵은 baking이 끝나면 흑갈색으로 되는것이 특징(特徵)이고 탈지대두분(脫脂大豆粉) 20%를 혼합(混合)하면 그 loaf volume이 증가하며 결착제(結着劑)로서 GMS + CSL의 첨가(添加)는 효과적(效果的)이었다. (SLV : 1.9, 물 100%) 고구마가루 복합분에 밀가루를 25%와 50%수준(水準)으로 혼합(混合)하면 그 SLV는 각각(各各) 2.3, 2.6(물 90%)으로 증가하고 빵색깔이 연해지며 빵조직(組織)이 개선되었다. 3) 감자가루를 주원료(主原料)로 한 제빵은 그 분질(粉質)이 고구마가루와는 다르고 GMS + CSL의 첨가(添加) 효과가 낮았다. 옥수수가루에 의한 제빵은 쌀보리가루와는 상이한 경향이었으며, 탈지(脫脂)쌀겨가루는 제빵 원료(原料)로서 부적당하였다. 4) 원료(原料) 공급(供給)면에서 전망(展望)이 보이는 쌀보리가루와 고구마가루를 주원료(主原料)로 한 5종(種)의 복합분(複合粉), 즉 (1) 쌀보리가루+탈지대두분+밀가루 (45 : 10 : 45) (2) 쌀보리가루+탈지대두분+밀가루 (67.5:10:22.5) (3) 쌀보리가루+탈지대두분 (90 : 10) (4) 고구마가루+탈지대두분+밀가루 (40 : 20 : 40) (5) 고구마가루+탈지대두분+밀가루 (60 : 20 : 20) 으로 첨가제를 넣고 제빵한 후, 밀가루빵을 표준(So)으로 하여 관능시험(官能試驗)한 결과(結果), 평균점(平均點)의 서열은 So>(1)>(2)>(3)>(5)>(4) 이었고, Duncan's multiple range test 의 결과 (1)의 빵, 즉 보리가루와 밀가루를 동량(同量)섞고 여기에 탈지대두분(脫脂大豆粉)을 10% 혼합한 복합분(複合粉)을 주원료(主原料)로 한 빵은 그 색깔, 조직(組織), 및, 향기(香氣)등의 종합평가(綜合評價)에 있어서 밀가루빵과 유의차(有意差)가 없었다.

• 약학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.244-251
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• 2010

Standardized parenteral nutrition is required to improve patient's safety, clinical appropriateness and to increase uniformity between institution and institutions. We assessed the consistency with the American society for parenteral and enteral nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) practice guideline for PN by evaluating current practice process for parenteral nutrition formulation in inpatients pharmacies in Korea. Each question in this survey was based on 2007 A.S.P.E.N. recommendations of standard parenteral nutrition formulation, the American society of health-system pharmacists (ASHP), and the United State Pharmacopoeia (USP) Chapter 797 guideline for compounding parenteral nutritions. All 90 Korean society of hospital pharmacist (KSHP) member directors of pharmacy were requested to respond to the survey in order to compare the survey results to ASHP national survey of pharmacy practice in hospital settings (2002) in compliance with A.S.P.E.N. guideline. We had final response rate of 35.6%. 25 (100%) hospitals complied with this Garb guideline (response rate was 84.4%) which was the highest compliance. Only 17.9% of hospital pharmacies were actively involved in complications monitoring. Monitoring complications and efficacy were least in compliance with the A.S.P.E.N. guideline. 69.0% of Korean pharmacists adjusted medication dosage based on disease state or monitoring laboratory data in compliance with the A.S.P.E.N. guideline. Over 50% of the hospital pharmacies failed to provide and evaluate staff training in aseptic manipulation skills periodically. Korean hospital pharmacies need to comply with the standard practice guideline for compounding sterile preparation in order to provide better quality of parenteral nutrition service for specific patient population.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2015

Purpose - This study analyzes loading efficiency by loading pattern for package standardization and reduction of logistics costs, along with the creation of revenue for the revenue review panel (RRP) of Membership Wholesale Clubs (MWC). The study aims to identify standard dimensions that can help improve the compatibility of the pallets related to display patterns preferred by the MWC and thereby explore ways to enhance logistics efficiency between manufacturers and retailers through standardization. Research design, data, and methodology - The study investigates and analyzes the current status based on actual case examples, i.e., manufacturer A and Korea's MWC (A company, B company, and C company), and thus devises improvement measures. To achieve this, the case of manufacturer A delivering to MWC was examined, and the actual pallet display patterns for each MWC were investigated by visiting each distribution site. In this study, TOPS (Total Optimization Packaging Software, USA) was used as the tool for pallet loading efficiency simulations the maximum allowable dimension was set to 0.0mm to prevent the pallet from falling outside the parameters, and the loading efficiency was analyzed with the pallet area. In other words, the study focused on dimensions (length x width x height) according to the research purpose and thereby deduced results. Results - The analysis of pallet loading patterns showed that the most preferred loading patterns for loading efficiency according to product specification, such as pinwheel, brick, and block patterns, were used in the case of the general distribution products, but the products were configured with block patterns in most cases when delivered to MWCs. The loading efficiency by loading pattern was analyzed with respect to 104 nationally listed standard dimensions. Meanwhile, No.51 (330 × 220mm) of KS T 1002 (1,100 × 1,100mm) was found to be the dimension that could bring about an improved loading efficiency, over 90.0% simultaneously in both the T-11 and T-12 pallet systems in a loading pattern configuration with the block pattern only, and the loading efficiency simulation results also confirmed this as the standard dimension that can be commonly applied to both the T-11 pallet (90.0%) and the T-12 pallet (90.7%) systems. Conclusions - The loading efficiency simulation results by loading pattern were analyzed: For the T-11 pallet system, 17 standard dimension sizes displayed the loading efficiency of 90.0% or more as block patterns, and the loading capacity was an average of 99.0%. For the T-12 pallet system, 35 standard dimension sizes displayed the loading efficiency of more than 90% as block patterns (the average loading efficiency of 98.6%). Accordingly, this study proposes that the standard dimensions of 17 sizes with the average loading efficiency of 99.0% should be applied in the use of the T-11 pallet system, and those of 35 sizes with the average loading efficiency of 98.6% should be reviewed and applied in the use of the T-12 pallet system.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 1986

Studies were conducted to investigate the relationship between hormone leveles and nutritional levels for improving performance of Cheju native cattle. In June 1984 a trial was initiated using 8 Cheju native calves after weaning, fed at two su, pp.ementary feeding levels (NRC 100% and 70%). The body weight, breedng performence, change in progesterone level during pregnancy and estrus cycle were evaluated. Mean body weight at 6 months of age was 155kg when fed 100% NRC ration but it was only 137kg when heifers received the 70% NRC ration. At 10, 15 and 20 months of age the body weight was 66, 160 and 115kg, respectively, showing that heifers fed the standard ration gained weight rapidly (P<0.01). Average size of the lefe ovary in the standard group was 2.1${\times}$1.6cm and right ovary was 2.6${\times}$1.8cm. However in the restricted feeding group the ovaries were found to be smaller. Diameter of graffian follicles showed a similar tendency to ovarian size in the two groups. The first oestrus in the standard feeding group a, pp.ared at 14.6 months when body weight was 265kg. Age at first calving was on average 28.9 months at a body weight of 436kg. On the other hand when heifers were fed the restricted ration the first oestrus a, pp.ared at 23.0 months at a body weight of 250kg. Average age at first calving was 38.9 months which was 10 months later than the average in the standard feeding group (P<0.01). In standard feeding group the progesterone level was 2.0ng/ml at two weeks after pregnancy and gradully increased up to 4 weeks and peaked at 18 weeks. This peak (6.4-6.5ng/ml) was maintained up to 24 weeks when progesterone level decreased until it reached 2.1ng/ml at the end of pregnancy. In the restricted group progesterone level up to 16 weeks followed a similar pattern to the standard group but there was a tendency in the restricted group to have lower progesterone levels(P<0.01). The standard and srstricted groups showed similar patterns of progesterone concentration during the oestrus cylce. There were no statistically significant differences in progesterone levels between standard and restricted groups but there was variation between induvidual animals.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.632-637
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• 2001

우렁쉥이 껍질에서 분리한 황산다당을 부분정제하여 몇 가지 화학조성과 전기영동을 하였다. 추출된 황산다당의 화학적 조성은 sulfate, uronic acid, protein, chondroitin sulfate, amino sugar, hexosamine 등으로 이루어져 있었다. 전기영동결과 autoclave 처리에 의해 추출된 조다당류는 폭넓은 단일 band를 나타내었으나, neutrase 처리구는 세 개의 band로 구분되었다. Autocalve 처리구의 분자량은 약 40,000 정도로 추정되며, neutrase 처리구의 경우 고분자 band는 100,000 이상, 두 개의 저분자 band 중 하나는 약 22,000 정도, 또 하나의 band는 약 5,000 정도인 것으로 추정되었다. 이온교환수지 및 겔 여과하여 얻은 전당획분의 화학적 조성은 부분정제 전과 거의 유사하였다. Sephadex G-25로 gel 여과한 시료의 조성당은 arabinose, xylose 및 glucose는 흔적량 정도이었으나 galactose는 $71.4\%$로 대부분을 차지하였고, N-acetylgalactosamine 함량이 $14.5\%$ 정도이었고, D-glucuronic acid가 $6.3\%$ 정도 검출되었다. Sephadex G-100과 G-100-25로 정제한 당의 전기영 동 패턴은 거의 유사하게 단일 band의 양상이나 G-25 처리구가 다소 좁은 band를 나타내었다. 부분정제한 황산다당과 표준품인 chondroitin sulfates의 FT-IR spectrometer 분석 결과, 거의 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. 황산기나 에스테르 등 몇몇 중요한 원자단의 신축 진동수가 IR spectrum의 지문영역 ($500\sim700cm^{-1}$$)에서 나타났다. 황산기 중의 S=O 신축진동이 $1,240cm^{-1}$에서, C-O-S신축진동의 경우 수평향배는 $820cm^{-1}$에서 나타났다.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2015

Management systems for electronic library have been developed on the basis of Client/Server or ASP framework in domestic market for a long time. Therefore, both service provider and user suffer from their high cost and effort in management, maintenance, and repairing of software as well as hardware. Recently in addition, mobile devices like smartphone and tablet PC are frequently used as terminal devices to access computers through the Internet or other networks, sophisticatedly customized or personalized interface for n-screen service became more important issue these days. In this paper, we propose a new scheme of integrated management system for electronic library based on SaaS and Web Standard. We design and implement the proposed scheme applying Electronic Cabinet Guidelines for Web Standard and Universal Code System. Hosted application management style and software on demand style service models based on SaaS are basically applied to develop the management system. Moreover, a newly improved concept of duplication check algorithm in a hierarchical evaluation process is presented and a personalized interface based on web standard is applied to implement the system. Algorithms of duplication check for journal, volume/number, and paper are hierarchically presented with their logic flows. Total framework of our development obeys the standard feature of Electronic Cabinet Guidelines offered by Korea government so that we can accomplish standard of application software, quality improvement of total software, and reusability extension. Scope of our development includes core services of library automation system such as acquisition, list-up, loan-and-return, and their related services. We focus on interoperation compatibility between elementary sub-systems throughout complex network and structural features. Reanalyzing and standardizing each part of the system under the concept on the cloud of service, we construct an integrated development environment for generating, test, operation, and maintenance. Finally, performance analyses are performed about resource usability of server, memory amount used, and response time of server etc. As a result of measurements fulfilled over 5 times at different test points and using different data, the average response time is about 62.9 seconds for 100 clients, which takes about 0.629 seconds per client on the average. We can expect this result makes it possible to operate the system in real-time level proof. Resource usability and memory occupation are also good and moderate comparing to the conventional systems. As total verification tests, we present a simple proof to obey Electronic Cabinet Guidelines and a record of TTA authentication test for topics about SaaS maturity, performance, and application program features.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2016

고성만의 지속적이고 안정적인 굴을 생산하기 위한 방안을 모색하고자 2008년 7월부터 2009년 4월까지 위생학적인 조사를 실시하여, 현재 굴양식장의 환경 수준을 평가했다. 해수의 위생세균은 고성읍에 가까운 만의 북측에서 상대적으로 높게 출현하였으나, 미국 NSSP 기준치를 충족하는 청정한 해역 수준에 있었다. 양식 굴에서도 위생세균과 중금속 함량도 각각 미국 NSSP 및 식품공전에서 제시하는 기준치 이내로 나타나 위생학적으로 안전한 위치에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 경남 고성만의 굴양식장 해역은 여름철 큰 강우 시기를 제외하고는 해수와 양식굴의 분변계대장균군의 기준치를 충족하였고, 고성만 주변 유역의 오염부하가 늘어날 큰 위협요인은 없는 것으로 판단되지만, 해역의 안전성확보를 위해서는 지속적인 모니터링이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.