• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.29-40
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• 2002

감잎으로부터 통풍치료, 미백효과, 고혈압 억제효과의 개발목적으로 9종의 flavan-3-ol 화합물을 분리하였고 기기분석에 의해 화학구조를 자혔다. 각 화합물은 (+)-catechin (+)-gallocatechin procyanidinB-l, pyrocyanidin C-1, prodelphinidin B-3, gallocatechin-(4$\alpha$$\longrightarrow$8)-catechin과 감나무 잎에서 새로운물질인pocyanidin B-7-3-0-gallate, procyanidin C-1-3'-3" -3.'S _0-trigallate, (-)-epigallocatechin-(4 $\beta$ -18)-epigallocatechin-(4$\beta$-'8)-catechin 3종류를 발견하였다. 감잎으로부터 순수 분리한 polyphenol류의ACE 저해활성측정을 실험한 결과 pocyanidin B-7-3-0-gallate는 100rM농도에서 94%의 저해효과를 나타내었으며 epigallocatechin-(4$\beta$$\longrightarrow$8)-epigallo-catechin-(4$\beta$$\longrightarrow$8)-catechia procyanidin C-1-3'-3" -3f'.-0-trigallate는 각각 90.69, 80.90% 저해를 하였다. Xanthine oxidase 저해활성측정을 조사한 결과pocyanidin B-7-3-0-galtate와 pocyanidin C-1-3'-3" -3/'S _0-trigallate 즉, gallate가 붙은 호합물에서100rM의 농도에서 66%와 63%의 강한 저해효과를 나타났다. Tyrosinase 저해활성을 측정한 결과는pocyanidin C-1-3'-3" -3.'S _0-trigallate는 100rM에서 70%의 강한 저해효과를 나타냈으며,epigallocatechin-(4$\beta$$\longrightarrow$8)-epigallo-catechin-(4$\beta$$\longrightarrow$8)-catechin는 51%의 저해효과를 나타내었다. 산업적응용을 위해 분획한 폴리페놀군은 미백효과 검증실험인 tyrosinase 저해율 측정평가에서 폴리페놀 함량이 가장 높은 Fraction 111의 경우 Sooppm에서 74.2%의 높은 저해율을 나타내었다. 항산화력 실험에서는500pw1이상에서 강한 활성능을 보인 SOD 유사활성능을 제외한 나머지 DPPH와 xanthine oxidase 저해효과에서는 Fraction II와III 모두가50ppm이상에서 80% 이상의 높은 유리라디칼 소거능력을 나타내었다. 그리고 각 Fraction별 항균력 측정 결과 Fraction 르와 111이 우수하게 나타났고 항균활성은 그람음성균보다 그람양성균에서 효과적이었으며, 농도별 항균력시험 결과 농도가 증가할수록 비례하여 저해율도 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 첨가농도를 달리하여 미생물의 생육도를 측정한 결과, fraction II磎꼭\ulcorner경우 그람양성균에 대해 500 ppm 이상에서 뚜렷한 증식억제효과를 나타내었다.서 뚜렷한 증식억제효과를 나타내었다.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.94-94
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• 2003

Endocrine disrupters (EDs) are exogenous chemicals that interfere with the production, releasing, metabolism, excretion, binding of natural hormones, and whole endocrine systems. EDs are very dangerous since they are extremely stable, not easily degraded, and accumulated in fat and tissue. 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is known as the most toxic EDs. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of TCDD on proliferation of human breast cancer (MCF-7) and endometrial adenocarcinoma (Hec-1B) cells. 10, 100, and 1000 nM of TCDD were treated with steroid free condition. Viable cell counting, MTT, and BrdU assay was performed to investigate cell proliferation. Apoptosis was investigated using DNA laddering. Although, DNA fragmentation as the evidence of apoptosis was not detected, all of these cell lines showed restricted proliferation at 48 hrs after 100 and 1000 nM TCDD treatments. Recently, it has been reported that the expression of transforming growth factor $\beta$s (TGF-$\beta$s) are increased in TCDD treatment and also involved in regulation of cell cycle. Therefore, these results were considered that the decreased cell prolifcration by TCDD is related to the expression of TGF-$\beta$s.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 1987

Ethyl acetate extracts of 6 commercial amaranths produced in 1985 and 1986 were analyzed with a gas chromatograph. The ${\alpha}$-naphthylamine ranging from 142 ppb to 4216 ppb was detected, but the ${\beta}$ naphthylamine was not detected. The mutagenicity of the ethyl acetate extract was tested using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 in the presence of the S-9 fraction. Significant mutagenic activity was seen in samples containing high levels of ${\alpha}$-naphthylamine. It is suggested that the potential hazard of amaranth to the general public should be reconsidered from the point that the impurities contained in amaranth preparations are the main sources of mutagenicity or carcinogenicity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers Conference
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• 1992.08a
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• pp.100-105
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• 1992

Hughes와 Borgman(1987)이 천해파고의 특성을 잘 나타낼 수 있는 통계적 표현으로 Beta-Rayleigh 분포를 제안하였다. 본 고에서는 기존의 파랑이론을 이용하여 천해파의 특성을 재조명하여 Beta-Rayleigh 분포의 출발점을 확인하고 Beta-Rayleigh 분포가 갖는 상한조건인 H$_{b}$가 무한대가 되면 Rayleigh 분포로 되어버리는 수학적인 과정을 밝힌 후 현장관측치를 통한 검증을 해보고자 한다.(중략)

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 1995

Vitamin contents in three different types of the fruits and seeds of Rosa davurica Pall. were determined to examine their applicability for a new health food products as well as medical supplies. HPLC analysis of the fruits showed that circular(L) type fruits contained the highest ascorbic acid (AA) concentration (911mg/1000g). Elliptical and circular(S) type fruits contained a little less amounts of AA, their concentrations being 358mg/l00g and 344mg/100g, respectively. Spectrophotometric analysis of total ${\beta}-carotene$ contents in the fruits showed a similar amount of ${\beta}-carotene$ in elliptical (286mg/100g) and circular(L) (208mg/100g) type fruits, but a far less amount was shown in the circular(S) type fruits (24 mg/100g).

• Yonsei Medical Journal
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• v.59 no.9
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• pp.1064-1071
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• 2018

Purpose: To explore the influence of S100 calcium binding protein A4 (S100A4) knockout (KO) on methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice. Materials and Methods: S100A4 KO mice (n=20) and their wild-type (WT) counterparts (n=20) were randomly divided into KO/MCD, Ko/methionine-choline-sufficient (MCS), WT/MCD, and WT/MCS groups. After 8 weeks of feeding, blood lipid and liver function-related indexes were measured. HE, Oil Red O, and Masson stainings were used to observe the changes of liver histopathology. Additionally, expressions of S100A4 and proinflammatory and profibrogenic cytokines were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot, while hepatocyte apoptosis was revealed by TUNEL staining. Results: Serum levels of aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride, and total cholesterol in mice were increased after 8-week MCD feeding, and hepatocytes performed varying balloon-like changes with increased inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen fibers; however, these effects were improved in mice of KO/MCD group. Meanwhile, total NAFLD activity scores and fibrosis were lower compared to WT+MCD group. Compared to WT/MCS group, S100A4 expression in liver tissue of WT/MCD group was enhanced. The expression of proinflammatory ($TGF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6) and profibrogenic cytokines ($TGF-{\beta}1$, COL1A1, ${\alpha}-SMA$) in MCD-induced NAFLD mice were increased, as well as apoptotic index (AI). For MCD group, the expressions of proinflammatory and profibrogenic cytokines and AI in KO mice were lower than those of WT mice. Conclusion: S100A4 was detected to be upregulated in NAFLD, while S100A4 KO alleviated liver fibrosis and inflammation, in addition to inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.311-317
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• 1998

A total of 1033 Brown Swiss and 610 Canadienne cows were phenotyped for the genetic variants ${\alpha}_{s1}$-casein, ${\beta}$-casein, ${\kappa}$-casein, ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin and ${\alpha}$-lactalbumin. In Brown Swiss, frequency distributions were: 97.3% B and 2.7% C variant of ${\alpha}_{s1}$-casein; 31.6% $A^1$, 51.8% $A^2$, 0.5% $A^3$ and 16.1% B variant of ${\beta}$-casein; 70.4% A, 29.3% B, and 0.3% C variant of ${\kappa}$-casein; 41.7% A and 58.3% B variant of ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin; and 100% B variant of ${\alpha}$-lactalbumin. Corresponding frequencies in Canadienne for those five milk proteins were: 98.6 and 1.4%;58.5, 33.5, 0.08 and 7.9%; 78.8, 21.1 and 0.1%, 42.4 and 57.6%; and 100%. Analysis of variance by least squares showed possible association between milk protein phenotypes and some lactational production traits. There were no significant association of phenotypes of ${\alpha}_{s1}$-casein, ${\beta}$-casein and ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin with milk yield, fat yield, protein yield, fat percentage and protein percentage in both breeds during the three lactations. In the Brown Swiss, ${\kappa}$-casein phenotype was associated with 305-day fat yield and protein yield during the first lactation. ${\kappa}$-Casein AB was associated with higher milk, fat and protein yield during the second lactation. During the third lactation, ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin AA in Canadienne cows was associated with higher protein content in the milk (3.70%) when compared to phenotypes AB (3.54%) and BB (3.64%).

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.100-107
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• 2013

This study examined the effect of fermented ginseng (FG) on memory impairment and ${\beta}$-amyloid ($A{\beta}$) reduction in models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in vitro and in vivo. FG extract was prepared by steaming and fermenting ginseng. In vitro assessment measured soluble $A{\beta}42$ levels in HeLa cells, which stably express the Swedish mutant form of amyloid precursor protein. After 8 h incubation with the FG extract, the level of soluble $A{\beta}42$ was reduced. For behavioral assessments, the passive avoidance test was used for the scopolamine-injected ICR mouse model, and the Morris water maze was used for a transgenic (TG) mouse model, which exhibits impaired memory function and increased $A{\beta}42$ level in the brain. FG extract was treated for 2 wk or 4 mo on ICR and TG mice, respectively. FG extract treatment resulted in a significant recovery of memory function in both animal models. Brain soluble $A{\beta}42$ levels measured from the cerebral cortex of TG mice were significantly reduced by the FG extract treatment. These findings suggest that FG extract can protect the brain from increased levels of $A{\beta}42$ protein, which results in enhanced behavioral memory function, thus, suggesting that FG extract may be an effective preventive or treatment for AD.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2017

Sparassis latifolia (formerly S. crispa) is used in food and nutraceuticals or dietary supplements, as rich in flavor compounds and ${\beta}-glucan$. Some previous studies have reported the effects of mushroom on brain function, including its neuroprotective effect. Thus, for this mushroom to be used as an effective nutraceutical for brain function, it would be desirable for it to contain other compounds such as ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid (GABA) in addition to ${\beta}-glucan$. In this study, the enhancement of growth and GABA production in the mycelium of medicinal and edible mushroom S. latifolia was investigated. Amino acids were added externally as the main source of nutrition, and the effects of amino acids were investigated using liquid medium, specifically amino acid-free potato dextrose broth (PDB). The amino acids added were L-glutamic acid (named PDBG medium) and L-ornithine (named PDBO medium). The growth of mycelia was determined to be $0.9{\pm}0.00g/L$, $2.2{\pm}0.16g/L$, and $1.93{\pm}0.34g/L$ PDBG respectively. The GABA content was $21.3{\pm}0.9mg/100g$ in PDB medium, and it in PDBG 1.4% medium, at $115.4{\pm}30.2mg/100g$. However, the PDBO medium was not effective in increasing the GABA content of mycelia. Amino acids had little effect on the ${\beta}-glucan$ content of mycelia. The ${\beta}-glucan$ content was $39.7{\pm}1.4mg/100mg$, $34.4{\pm}0.2mg/100mg$, and $35.2{\pm}9.2mg/100mg$ in PDB, PDBG 1.8% and PDBO 1.4% media, respectively. Addition of glutamic acid and ornithine positively affected the growth of S. latifolia mycelia, and glutamic acid positively affected GABA production; no degradation of GABA was observed with addition of glutamic acid.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.628-640
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• 2015

Cellulase is the key enzyme in the use of cellulose-based biomaterials. Because of its structure, cellulose is difficult to be degraded by enzymes. In order to utilize cellulose-based biomaterials efficiently, evolutionary wisdom of how to use enzymes accurately and harmoniously in a biological system is needed, such as the cellulose digestive system in animals. In this study, the symbiotic bacteria from snails, Achatina fulica, were identified and their cellulase activity was evaluated. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis of 100 aerobic bacteria showed that they belonged to 9 genus and almost half of the bacteria were Lactococcus spp. Among 100 identified strains, only two Aeromonas sp. strains showed cellulase activity. Aeromonas sp. KMBS020 had both endo-${\beta}$-glucanase and ${\beta}$-glucosidase activities but Aeromonas sp. KMBS018 had ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity only. None of the 100 bacterial colonies had any cellobiohydrolase activity.