• Title/Summary/Keyword: S/E Process

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Formation of Mixed Oxidants and Inactivation of E. coil by the Electrochemical Process using a Grid Shape Pt/Ti Electrode (Pt/Ti 격자형 평판 전극을 이용한 혼합 산화제 생성 및 E. coli 불활성화)

  • Jung, Yeon Jung;Oh, Byung Soo;Park, Sang Yeon;Baek, ko Woon;Kang, Joon-Wun
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.851-855
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    • 2006

  • The aim of this study was to investigate characteristics of formation of mixed oxidants and some aspects of the performance of electrochemical process as an alternative disinfection strategy for water purification. The study of electrochemical process has shown free chlorine to be produced, but smaller amounts of stronger oxidants, such as ozone, hydrogen peroxide and OH radicals, were also generated. The formation of ozone and hydrogen peroxide increased with increasing electric conductivity, but was limited at conductivities greater than 0.6 mS/cm. Also, formation of OH radical was enhanced as electric conductivity was increased to 0.9 mS/cm and The stead-state concentrations of OH radical were calculated at $1.1{\sim}6.4{\times}10^{-14}M$. Using E. coti, inactivation kinetic studies were performed. With the exception of free chlorine, the role of mixed oxidants, especially OH radical, was investigated for enhancement of the inactivation rate.

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Design of an eFuse OTP Memory of 8bits Based on a Generic Process ($0.18{\mu}m$ Generic 공정 기반의 8비트 eFuse OTP Memory 설계)

  • Jang, Ji-Hye;Kim, Kwang-Il;Jeon, Hwang-Gon;Ha, Pan-Bong;Kim, Young-Hee
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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    • 2011.05a
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    • pp.687-691
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    • 2011

  • In this paper, we design an 8-bit eSuse OTP (one-time programmable) memory in consideration of EM (electro-migration) and eFuse resistance variation based on a $0.18{\mu}m$ generic process, which is used for an analog trimming application. First, we use an external program voltage to increase the program power applied an eFuse. Secondly, we apply a scheme of precharging BL to VSS prior to RWL (read word line) activation and optimize read NMOS transistors to reduce the read current flowing through a non-programmed cell. Thirdly, we design a sensing margin test circuit with a variable pull-up load out of consideration for the eFuse resistance variation of a programmed eFuse. Finally, we increase program yield of eFuse OTP memory by splitting the length of an eFuse link.

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An Analysis the Role between the Buyer and Seller in the Field of e-Trade (전자무역에서 구매자와 판매자의 역할분석)

  • Lee, Joo-Won
    • International Commerce and Information Review
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.195-212
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    • 2005

  • International trade has been changed from traditional trade to e-trade due to the fast expanding of information technology like e-marketplace, EDI (Electronic data interchange) using Internet since mid of 1990's. e-Trade, as a new trade method, could handle every trade procedure such as market research, contract, customs clearance, logistics and payment using IT like internet without restriction of time and space. The evolution of transaction-based business model is upon us. The business models of many e-Marketplace in their early stages have typically been based on transaction fees. Many e-Marketplaces have even called out transaction revenues as a core element of their business plans. The transaction business represents the most simple of business models, but it does not provide a long-term sustain able advantage. For buyer's convenience, wide selection and test price hold appeal. For suppliers, the extended global market reach and direct access to customers and consortiums of customers is powerful. To maximize leverage of these new e-marketplace, you must from both a buyer perspective as well as a supplier perspective. Also required is a strategy that takes in account all of the various e-Marketplace transaction standards and one that allows the easy accomodation to new e-marketplace as the market change. These new e-marketplace will need to be factored into the sales channel strategies. To be successful, integration with these e-marketplaces should occur at a complete business process level. This study would suggest on the role of buyers and sellers for e-trade which could maximize effect of e-trade in order to cope with rapid changing IT environment and global trade environment. Therefore, this study suggests top priority tasks for implementing on the specialization strategy of e-trade process.

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Evaluation of Kinetic Constant and Effect of Effluent Recycling in Wastewater Treatment from Fisheries Processing Plant using EMMC Process (EMMC공정을 이용한 수산물 가공공장 폐수처리에서 동력학적 인자 평가와 유출수반송의 영향)

  • Jeong, Byung-Gon
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2009

  • EMMC(Entrapped Mixed Microbial Cell) process which is a kind of active cell immobilizing method was applied to treat fisheries processing wastewater biologically. Kinetic constants were calculated for organic and nitrogen removal and effect of effluent recycling on system performance was evaluated also. Yield coefficient, Y showed relatively low value compared with Y value obtained from conventional activated sludge process. It means that EMMC process can reduce amount of excess sludge significantly compared with conventional activated sludge process. Endogenous respiration coefficient $k_e$ of EMMC process also showed relatively low value compared with that of conventional activated sludge process. Yield coefficient Y, endogenous respiration coefficient $k_e$ and half saturation constant $k_s$ obtained from EMMC process in terms of nitrification were compared with reported value from literature based on suspended growth nitrification system. The value of Y obtained from this study has no difference compared with values obtained from literature review and $k_e$ of this study was low but $k_s$ of this study was high compared than values obtained from suspended growth nitrification system. To evaluate the effect of internal recycling on system performance, system was operated with internal recycling ratio of 1.5Q, 2.0Q, 2.5Q and 3.0Q. increase of internal recycling ratio effect more greatly on improvement of denitrification efficiency than that of nitrification efficiency. Accordingly, optimization of internal recycling ratio has to be based on improvement of anoxic reactor performance.

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