• Title/Summary/Keyword: Ryegrass

Search Result 591, Processing Time 0.037 seconds

Effects of Moisture Stress on Germination of Vegetable and Turfgrass Seeds (수분결핍(水分缺乏)이 채소(菜蔬)와 잔디 종자(種子)의 발아(發芽)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Pyon, Jong-Yeong
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
    • /
    • v.6 no.1
    • /
    • pp.15-20
    • /
    • 1979
  • In order to determine the effects of different degrees of moisture stress on germination of various plant species, hundred seeds of six vegetables and six turfgrasses were germinated in petri dishes on filter papers moistened with water-mannitol solutions of 0, 2, 4, 8, 10, and 12 atmosphere osmotic concentration (degrees of moisture stress). The percentages and rates of germination of all species tested were generally decreased with: increase in moisture stress. Chinese cabbage and cucumber were quite resistant to physiological drought as the germination was not appreciably affected until moisture stress exceeded 10 atmosphere. However, increase in moisture stress decreased germination affecting most seriously tomato, carrot and squash. Weeping lovegrass, Italian ryegrass and perennial ryegrass germinated well at 10 atmosphere but the germination of Kentucky bluegrass, meadow fescue and orchardgrass was greatly reduced by increasing osmotic pressure. The result indicates that it may be possible to select drought resistant species and varieties by their ability to germinate in osmotic solutions.

  • PDF

The Effect of Cultivation Environments on Seed Yield and Quality of Italian Ryegrass in Samsan Reclaimed Land (삼산간척지에서 이탈리안 라이그라스의 재배환경이 종자 수량 및 품질에 미치는 영향)

  • Nam, Cheol Hwan;Kim, Ki Soo;Park, Man Ho;Yun, An A;Bae, Hee Soo;Jang, Hyun Soo
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
    • /
    • v.40 no.2
    • /
    • pp.73-79
    • /
    • 2020
  • This study was conducted to develop a technique for the stable production of Italian ryegrass(IRG) seeds in reclamation sites. Harvesting 35 days after heading in Autumn resulted in the highest production, an average of 2,232kg/ha. The production yield decreased due to seed loss as harvesting was delayed to 45 and 55 days post-heading. For the harvested 35 days post-heading, under growing rice sowing resulted in 80% seed yield of after rice sowing's; spring sowing resulted in 40%. After rice sowing using the domestic IRG seeds of 30kg/ha produced the highest seed yield of 2,507kg/ha. The highest straw yield has resulted when using the imported IRG seeds of 20kg/ha for after rice sowing 35 days post-heading fresh weight 36,667kg/ha, dry weight 14,500kg/ha, and TDN weight 7,895kg/ha.

Comparison of Yields of Winter Forage Crops According to Regions of Korea (한국 농가의 지역별 동계사료작물 생산성 비교)

  • Lim, Young Chul;Choi, Ki Choon;Park, Hyung Su;Ji, Hee Chung;Kim, Ki Yong;Lee, Sang Hack;Choi, Gi Jun;Kim, Mang Jung;Kim, Won Ho
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
    • /
    • v.33 no.4
    • /
    • pp.275-280
    • /
    • 2013
  • We examined the use of basic forage data and indicators of forage productivity in different regions of Korea. The productivity of winter forage crops was evaluated from mid to late May 2012 by directly collecting information from farmhouses. A survey of winter forage crop productivity was conducted with 66 farmers in 16 regions; including, Italian ryegrass (IRG) from 22 farmers in 11 regions, whole crop barley from 21 farmers in eight regions, rye from 11 farmers in five regions, and IRG mixed with whole crop barley from 12 farmers in six regions. The results indicated that the Konju region exhibited higher yields of dry matter (DM) forage (15,128 kg/ha) and that the Dangjin region (reclaimed land) showed the lowest (3,885 kg/ha). The average yield of DM forage was 9,418 kg/ha. Yields of whole crop barley and IRG mixed with whole crop barley were comparatively higher than those of rye and IRG. We conclude that overall forage productivity was influenced by farmer's cultivation ability rather than the forage cultivation environment.

Effect of microbial inoculants on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of sweet potato vine silage

  • Joo, Young Ho;Kim, Dong Hyeon;Paradhipta, Dimas H.V.;Lee, Hyuk Jun;Amanullah, Sardar M.;Kim, Sang Bum;Chang, Jong Soo;Kim, Sam Churl
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • v.31 no.12
    • /
    • pp.1897-1902
    • /
    • 2018
  • Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of homo or hetero fermentative inoculants on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of sweet potato vine (SPV) silage containing Italian ryegrass hay as moisture absorbent. Methods: The SPV was harvested at 15% dry matter, mixed with Italian ryegrass hay at 1:1 ratio on a fresh weight basis, and chopped to 3 to 5 cm length. After then, the chopped forage mixture was ensiled into 20-L mini silos in quadruplicate for 7, 48, and 100 days after application of microbial inoculants at $1.2{\times}10^5$ colony forming units (cfu)/g of forage following: no inoculant (CON), Lactobacillus plantarum as a homo fermentative (LP), Lactobacillus buchneri as a hetero fermentative (LB), and mixture of LP and LB at 1:1 ratio as a combo fermentative (MIX). Results: The LP and MIX silages had lowest pH (p<0.001) on 7 and 48 days, while MIX and CON silages had greatest lactate concentrations (p<0.05) on 7 and 48 days, respectively. Acetate concentrations were highest (p<0.01) in LB and MIX silages on 7 days, and in LB silage on 48 days, while lactate to acetate ratios were lowest (p<0.001) in LB silages. The chemical compositions and nutrient digestibility of silage ensiled for 100 days was not affected by inoculants. On 100 days of ensiling, LB silage had lowest (p<0.01) lactate concentration and lactate to acetate ratio, but highest acetate concentration. Aerobic stability was highest (p<0.001) in LB silage followed in MIX silage. On contrast, LB silage had lowest (p<0.05) lactic acid bacteria and mold. Conclusion: The results indicated that application of LB solely had a better effect on aerobic stability than not only LP, but also MIX. However, LP application did not show beneficial effects from the viewpoints of fermentation quality and aerobic stability compared to CON.

Evaluation of Growth and Yield on Transplanting time and Plant Density in ItalianRyegrass

  • Yun-Ho Lee;Hyeon-Soo Jang;Jeong-Won Kim;Bo-kyeong Kim;Deauk-Kim;Jong-Tak Youn
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
    • /
    • 2022.10a
    • /
    • pp.101-101
    • /
    • 2022
  • In recent years, due to climate change, the livestock industry has become more interested in the production of forage crops. In Korea, more than 74% of forage crops are cultivated in winter rice fields. In particular, Italian ryegrass (IRG) is depends on imports for more than 70% of its seeds. In generally, the IRG rapeseed cultivation method involves sowing from early October to mid-October by drill sowing seeding or spot seedling. However, the sowing period is delayed due to frequent rainfall during. And, same period require a lot of seeds. However, raising seedlings and transplanted IRG will overcome weather conditions and reduce the amount of seeds. This study was intended to be applied to the domestic IRG seed industry in the future through growth and quantity evaluation according to transplant time and planting density for the production of good quality IRG seeds in rice paddy fields. In this study, transplanting time (October 20, October 30, November 10) and planting density (50, 70, and 80) were cultivated at the National Institute of Crop Science in 2021. The amount of fertilizer applied was adjusted to (N-P2O5-K2O) 4.5-12-12 (kg/10a), and then 2.2(kg/10a) of nitrogen was added each year. For the growth survey, leaf area, canopy coverage, plant length, and seed yield were investigated. Along with the transplanting time, the plant length was higher on October 20 than on October 30 and November 10. On the other hand, leaf area index changes differed depending on the transplanting time and planting density, and were particularly high on October 20, 80 density and 70 density, but similar on October 30 and November 10. 1000 seed weight showed no difference with transplanting time and planting density. On the other hand, the seed yield was 215(kg/10a) for 80 density on October 20, 211(kg/10a) for 70 density, 118(kg/10a) for 50 density, and 80 density for October 30 and November 10. and 70 density did not differ. On the other hand, the 50 density on October 30 and November 10 were 164(kg/10a) and 147(kg/10a) respectively. As can be seen from this study, the earlier the transplant, the higher the seed yield. However, the 50 density was reduced in yield compared to the 70 density and 80 density.

  • PDF

Evaluation of Growth and Yield on Italian Ryegrass in Reclaimed Land

  • Yun-Ho Lee;Hyeon-Soo Jang;Jeong-Won Kim;Bo-kyeong Kim;Deauk-Kim;Jong-Tak Youn
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
    • /
    • 2022.10a
    • /
    • pp.102-102
    • /
    • 2022
  • More than 74% of forage crops in Korea are cultivated in winter rice fields. Italian ryegrass (IRG) can be said to be a representative forage crop, but over 70% of its seeds are dependent on imports. In addition, there are concerns that the stable supply of research fees may be disrupted due to the effects of climate change, war, and other factors. Therefore, it is necessary to secure a large production area for stable supply. Korea's reclaimed land area is 135,000 ha and its agricultural area is 112,000 ha. Therefore, this study attempted to apply IRG to the domestic IRG seed industry through stable cultivation techniques on reclaimed land. In this study, IRG 'Kowiearly' varsity was cultivated in late October 2020 and early October 2021 in the Saemangeum reclaimed land. The seeding methods were conventional drill sowing seeding, new technology spot seedling (30 × 18 cm) and new technology drill sowing seeding. The amount of sowing was conventional drill sowing seeding 2.0(kg/10a), new technology spot seedling 1.5(kg/10a), and new technology drill sowing seeding 1.5(kg/10a). Fertilizer application amount is conventional drill sowing seeding(N-P2O5-K2O) 9.0-12-12(kg/10a), and new technology spot seedling and drill sowing seeding were(N-P2O5-K2O) 4.5-12-12(kg/10a) respectively. Fertilizer was applied accordingly. After that, in February, the conventional drill sowing seeding, new technology drill sowing seeding and spot seedling applied 4.0 and 2.2(kg/10a) of nitrogen supplement fertilizer, respectively. Before wintering, plant length was higher in 2022 than in 2021, but leaf number was higher in 2021. Heading time was April 30, 2021 and April 25, 2022. In heading time, plant length was 74 cm in 2021 and 67 cm in 2022, lower than in 2021. On the other hand, There was no difference in the number of panicle and the number of seeds in the 2021 harvester in all treatment plots, and, thus seed yield was no differ. However, the drill sowing seeding and spot seedling of the new technology were somewhat higher than the conventional drill sowing seeding. On the other hand, seed yield was decreased in all treatment plots compared to 2022 because of raifall deficiency in 2021.

  • PDF

The Effect of Stage of Maturity on the Composition and Feeding Value of Silage (생육시기가 Silage의 사용가치에 미치는 영향)

  • 신정남;윤익석
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
    • /
    • v.4 no.1
    • /
    • pp.41-60
    • /
    • 1983
  • Experiments were conducted to study the effect of stage of maturity at harvest on the quality of silage. Herbage samples taken from the barley plant, rye plant, wheat plant, oat plant, Orchardgrass, Italian ryegrass, a mixed grass sward of Orchardgrass and Italian ryegrass and corn plant at different stages of maturity and ensiled in order to evaluate the effect of maturity on the chemical composition and feeding value as well as digestibility using sheep. Forage material were ensiled in small concrete silo. 1. The dry matter yield per 10a increased with advancing the maturity. Yield of brarley plant was 404, 635 and 900 kg at heading, milk and milk dough stage, respectively. Rye plant yield was 279, 589, 708, 10,000, 1,265, 1,376 and 1,492 kg at booting, before heading, early heading, late heading, early flowering, late flowering and after flowering stage, respectively. Italian ryegrass yield was 355, 613, 844 and 1,109 kg at vegetative, booting, heading and flowering, respectively. Orchardgrass/Italian ryegrass production was 477, 696, 891 and 1,027 kg at before was 458, 1,252, 1,534, 1,986 and 2,053 kg at tassel, early milk, yellow ripe and ripe stage, respectively. 2. Dry matter content increased with advancing maturity, but crude protein declined markedly. The NFE content decreased with advancing maturity of all the herbages except corn plant where NFE content increased, but corn plant increased. The content of crude fiber increased with advancing maturity except corn plant. The content of crude ash decreased with advancing maturity. In the rye plant, the content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and cellulose increased with advancing maturity. 3. In vitro dry matter digestibilities of the rye plant was 53.6, 54.1, 50.7, 47.1, 44.9, 40.1 and 38.9% booting, before hcading, early heading, late heading, early flowering, late flowering and after flowering stage, respectively. The regression equation was $Y=56.22-0.74X+0.009X^2$ (X=cutting date from the first cut, Y=dry matter digestibilities). 4. In vitro digestible dry matter yield (kg/10a) of rye plant increased with advancing maturity, but declined from the flowering stage. The regression equation was $Y=168.88+26.09X-0.41X^2$ (X=cutting date from the first cut). 5. In vitro digestibility of dry matter in the corn plant was 69.2, 71.5, 69.8 and 69.9% at tassel, early milk, milk and yellow ripe stage, respectively. 6. The digestibility of crude protein and crude fiber of all plants decreased with advancing matuity, but NFE of the barley and corn generally increased. 7. The TDN contents on the dry matter basis decreased, but those of barley and corn silage were not different. TDN content of barley was 57.8, 57.1 and 57.9% at heading, milk and milk dough stage, respectively. That of rye silage was 50.0, 27.2 and 43.7% at early flowering, after flowering and milk stage, respectively. Italian ryegrass silage was 67.9, 63.7, and 54.9% at before heading, early heading and after heading, respectively. In case of Orchardgrass silage the TDN was 54.8, 52.9 and 46.1% at after heading, after flowering and milk, respectively. Corn shows TDN value of 59.5, 62.8 and 61.6% at milk, yellow ripe and ripe, respectively. 8. The pH value increased slightly by advancing maturity. 9. the content of organic acid decreased by advancing maturity and also increasing the DM content.

  • PDF

EFFECTS OF HIGH BY-PRODUCT DIETS CONTAINING RICE BRAN AND BEET PULP ON THE SITE AND EXTENT OF DIGESTION AND MICROBIAL SYNTHESIS IN STEERS

  • Zhao, Y.;Taniguchi, K.;Obitsu, T.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • v.9 no.6
    • /
    • pp.655-665
    • /
    • 1996
  • The effects of feeding rice bran and beet pulp mixtures on the site and extent of digestion and microbial synthesis in fattening steers were studied. Three Holstein steers fitted with ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulas were fed four diets in a $4{\times}3$ Youden square design. The four diets consisted of 15% Italian ryegrass hay and 85% concentrate as a control diet which included 72% rolled barley, 20% rice bran plus 40% beet pulp, 30% rice bran plus 30% beet pulp or 40% rice bran plus 20% beet pulp. All diets provided 1.8 times digestible energy required for maintenance. The digestibility of fat in the small intestine (% of flow) showed an increase with rice bran content among the by-product diets. Digestibility of structural carbohydrate both in the rumen and the whole digestive tract decreased linearly with rice bran content. The digestibility of nonstructural carbohydrate was not affected by rice bran content, but that of nonstructural, nonstarch polysaccharides was higher in the rumen and lower in the large intestine for the by-product diets than for the control diet. A rice bran content of more than 30% in the by-product diets severely inhibits ruminal microbial synthesis and digestible energy intake in fattening steers.

Structural Equation Modeling on Technology Acceptance for New Variety - Case of Forage Crop - (신품종 기술수용의 구조관계 분석 -사료작물 신품종 도입의향 -)

  • Choi, Jong-San;Park, Jae-Hyoung;Yoon, Jin-Woo;Chae, Yong-Woo
    • Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
    • /
    • v.25 no.1
    • /
    • pp.1-13
    • /
    • 2018
  • This study aims to identify factors affecting the acceptance intention of cultivating a new Italian ryegrass(IRG) variety using partial least square structural equation modeling(PLS-SEM) and find priority to maximize the acceptance intention of new IRG variety using importance-performance matrix analysis(IPMA). The data were collected on a seven-point Likert-type from 188 farm households located in Korea central region for two months. As a major result of PLS-SEM, expected effect significantly affected acceptance intention. The IPMA also showed expected effect should be considered as the most important factor to improve the acceptance intention. This study suggested the new technology distributors should scientifically prove and actively promote the effects such as increase in farm income, productivity improvement, labor saving and management efficiency caused by planting new IRG variety.

Comparison of the Turf Performance of Bluegrasses, Fescues, Ryegrasses, and Zoysiagrass Under a Tree Shade (수목 그늘 환경에서 블루그라스속.훼스큐속.라이그라스속 및 한국잔디의 내음성 비교연구)

  • 김경남;남상용
    • Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
    • /
    • v.13 no.1
    • /
    • pp.37-54
    • /
    • 1999
  • This study was initiated to evaluate the seasonal turf performance in a tree shade and to suggest shade-tolerant turfgrasses suitable for domestic climate conditions. Atotal of 21 trufgrasses were tested, comprising of Korean lawngrass, shade-tolerant fine fescues, and newly-developed, shade-tolerant varieties of cool-season grasses. Dirrerences in shade tolerance were observed among varieties, species, and genera. Overall turf performance of C3 turfgrasses was better than that of C4 Korean lawngrass under a tree shade. Coarse-type fescues were excellent in shade tolerance, bluegrasses good, ryegrasses medium, fine-type fescues fair, and zoysiagrasses poor, respectively. Inter-species comparison in relative index of shade tolerance(IRST) demonstrated that tall fescue and fough bluegrass were greatest of 7.3, Poa supina 6.4, perennial ryegrass 5.0, Kentucky bluegrass 4.8, and fine fescues least, respectively. A great variation in RIST was observed with fine fescues; creeping red fescue was 3.6, chewings fescue 2.5, hard fescue 2.1, and sheep fescue 1.4, respectively. Among 21 turfgrasses evaluated, tall fescue 'Rebel Jr.', 'Era', and 'Oixie' and rough bluegrass 'Sabre' were the shade-tolerant varieties under a tree shade in Korea. Tall fescue, 'Rebel Jr.' was considered as the most shade-tolerant variety in the experiment. Fine fescues as creeping red fescue, chewings fescue, hare fescue, and sheep fescue, used as the shade-tolerant species in a cool climate of Europe and North America, were not suitable under domestic climate conditions.

  • PDF