• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.76-76
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• 2017

Buckwheat has gained scientists concern due to its nutritional and medicinal values in recent years, and many important bioactive compounds. The present study was performed to investigate the influence of the varietal performance and environmental conditions on the content of rutin and quercetin in Tartary buckwheat germplasm. A total of 44 foreign Tartary buckwheat germplasms were examined and compared their contents based on the collected countries, seed shape, and seed color. The highest number of germplasm (16) was found in ranged from 600 mg/100 g to 800 mg/100 g of rutin content. In case of quercetin content, the highest number of germplasm (19) was observed in ranged from 5 mg/100 g to 10 mg/100 g. However, the rutin content showed the highest value (1326.6 mg/100 g) from CBU408 and quercetin content showed the highest value (22.5 mg/100 g) from CBU456. The number of germplasm showed the highest value (23) in ranged from 3000 mg/100 g to 4000 mg/100 g of rutin content. The number of germplasm is the highest value (30) in ranged from 100 mg/100 g to 200 mg/100 g of quercetin content. When rutin and quercetin content in seed was compared according to collected countries, seed shape, and seed color respectively, no association was appeared with rutin and quercetin content. In sprout of whole Tartary buckwheat germplasm, mean of rutin content and quercetin content was 3362.9 mg/100 g and 14.2 mg/100 g respectively. In conclusion, the results observed from the present study suggest that highly rutin germplasm could be used more efficiently via breeding to develop a highly rutin content variety for using in sprout. No correlation was appeared in the case of quercetin. However, the quercetin content in sprout was 4~90 times more than seed. So, sprout could be used more efficiently than seed in the case of quercetin. Our results suggest that the varietal variation and qualitative characteristic differences of rutin and bioactive compounds may provide important nutrient sources and industrial application of Tartary buckwheat.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.573-577
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• 2006

The rutin content of Fagopyrum tataricum is 100-fold higher than that of Fagopyrum esculentum. For the development of a rutin-containing beverage, a suitable method to extract rutin from buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) with high rutin yield was investigated. A roasting temperature range of $310/240^{\circ}C$ (Ed-confirm that this is indeed a range; otherwise perhaps, 'Roasting temperatures ranging from 310 to $240^{\circ}C$ were considered$\ldots$') was considered to be the best as the basic color reference. Rutin content varied according to the roasting time and heating temperature; i.e., it decreased with increasing roasting time and temperature. (Ed- this sentence is unnecessarily complicated and should be simplified to 'Rutin content decreased with increasing roasting time and heating temperature.') The optimal extraction temperature and processing time were obtained as $80^{\circ}C$ and 10 minutes to maximize the rutin concentration in the extract.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.877-886
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• 2019

Brewing with buckwheat as an ingredient has been proven to be successful in several previous studies. However, few studies have focused on the effects of buckwheat on the rutin content and antioxidant activity of beer. In order to develop a lager beer with high rutin content and desirable sensory characteristics, tartary buckwheat malt was used as a brewing adjunct. The results showed that the rutin-degrading enzyme was the key factor affecting the rutin content in the wort and beer. Compared to beer made using the common mashing method, the rutin content in the buckwheat beers produced using an improved mashing method was approximately 60 times higher. The total flavonoid contents in buckwheat beers also depended strongly on the mashing methods, ranging from 530.75 to 1,704.68 mg QE/l. The rutin-rich beers also showed better oxidative stability during forced-aging. Meanwhile, the buckwheat beers were found to be acceptable in terms of the main quality attributes, flavor, and taste.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.242-245
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• 2003

Buckwheat contains dietary rutin, a flavonol glycoside, which is able to antagonize hypertension in human and has antioxidant activity. Monacolin K, a secondary metabolite produced by fungi Monascus species, is an effective specific inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis. To develop functional health food, dehulled buckwheat was fermented with Manascus ruber to produce Anka, and contents of rutin and monacolin K and Anka were determined. The rutin content in dehulled buckwheat decreased slightly after germination, but increased with the growth of sprout. Growth of fungi had no influence on rutin content in dehulled buckwheat Anka, Monacolin K content in fermented dehulled buckwheat malt was lower than that in dehulled buckwheat Anka. Monacolin K content in dehulled buckwheat Anka decreased with increasing length of sprout in fermented dehulled buckwheat malt, probably due to consumption of nutrients, such as polysaccharides as carbon sources, during sprouting for growth of M. ruber.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2004

Rutin has many beneficial effects on human health. It was established that rutin antagonizes the increase of capillary fragility associated with hemorrhagic disease, reduces high blood pressure, decreases the permeability of the vessels, and has an antiedema effect, reduces the risk of arteriosclerosis, and shows antioxidant activity. Rutin analysis with mulberry fruits was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to reveal the possibility of source of functional food. As a result, mean content of fifty accessions was 0.14±0.050% DW. Among the tested fifty accessions, 'Sabangso' was showed the highest rutin in 0.29%DW, whereas 'Simseol' was the lowest content in 0.05% DW. Also, we researched the change of rutin content according to harvested date. The rutin contents of earlier harvested groups were higher than later harvested groups. Simultaneously, fruity characteristics as well as rutin content were researched and analyzed to select the functional mulberry varieties for the production of fruit. From the six accessions which were contained high rutin content, we selected three suitable varieties such as 'Ficus', 'Kangsun', and 'Palcheongsipyung'.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2014

We analyzed rutin content using mulberry genetic resources. They were grown under the same environment and conditions. Mulberry leaves were collected and then freeze-dried and powdered for rutin test. As a result, mean content of mulberry strains was $0.52{\pm}0.25%$, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 47.9%. The variation between the strains was greatly severe. Among the tested strains, 'Buyoungsang' was showed the highest content of 1.37%, whereas 'Cheongeunsipmunja' and 'Mujeonsipmunja' were showed the lowest content of 0.06% respectively. The content of rutin of 16 mulberry varieties for silkworm rearing were compared. 'Cheongolppong' was showed the highest content of 0.69%, whereas 'Cheongilppong' was showed the lowest content of 0.14 %. Finally we selected rutin high-containing 9 strains. They are as follows. 'Buyoungsang', 'Yeulbon', 'Dangsang 5', 'A8', 'Aja', 'Seongsu 5', 'Sawonppong 12', 'Hwanyoupjosaengnosang' and 'Hwansipjosaeng' which are more than twice of the overall average content.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.124-127
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• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate the chemical change of rutin and fatty acids of buckwheat during germination. The content of rutin in buckwheat before germination was 31.5mg% and that after 7 days was increased to 1, 660.3mg%. The content of stearic acid was increased slightly after 3 day during germination but those of other fatty acids were decreased gradually.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.184-191
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• 2002

We investigated the role of vitamin C or rutin on neuropathy and lung damage of diabetic mellitus(DM) rats. Norepinephrine content was significantly decreased in sciatic nerves of DM rats compared with non-DM controls but vitamin C had no effect on decreases of norepinephrine. 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) incorporation, which is biomarker of protein oxidation, was increased in sciatic nerve of DM rats as compared with normal control. However, vitamin C had no effects on increases of DNPH incorporation . We measured the content of conjugated dienes (CD) as a biomarker of lipid oxidation in sciatic nerve. CD was increased in DM as compared with normal control, Vitamin C or rutin had no effects on increases of CD. However, Rutin plus vitamin C significantly decreased the content of CD as compared with CIM rats. In lung of DM rats, DNPH incorporation or CD was increased as compared with normal control. Vitamin C or Rutin had no effects on increases of CD However, Rutin plus vitamin C significantly decreased the content of DNPH incorporation or CD in lung tissue. Vitamin C caused marked pathological changes such as the increases of parenchyma and the thickening of alveolar septa in the lung of DM. Rutin had protective effects on the pathological changes in the lung of DM rats. In conclusion, Vitamin C had no effects on oxidative parameter, such as DNPH incorporation or CD, and on the decreases of norepinephrine content in DM rats. Vitamin C caused the marked pathological changes in the lung of DM rats but rutin had protective efforts against the pathological changes.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 2011

Flavonoid contents of common buckwheat (cv. Kitawase) and tartary buckwheat (cv. Hokkai T 8, Hokkai T 9 and Hokkai T 10) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Moreover, they were measured at different plant developments such as 10, 18, 20, 22 and 30 days after sowing (DAS) and with plant parts including leaf, stem and flower harvested at 30 DAS. Total flavonoids including chlorogenic acid, four kinds of C-glycosylflavones (orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin) and rutin of tartary buckwheats (range of 44.2-54.7, mean 44.2) were found 35% higher than those of common buckwheat (28.9 mg/g dry wt.). Among them, rutin was measured above 80% of total flavonoid contents. The other flavonoids (chlorogenic acid and four kinds of C-glycosylflavones) presented the highest level at 10 DAS and decreased according to plant developments. On the other hand, rutin content of Kitawase presented the highest level (33.6 mg/g dry wt.) at 22 DAS and decreased up to 30 DAS. Rutin content in tartary buckwheat temporarily decreased from 10 to 18 DAS and then reversely increased up to 30 DAS presented the highest level as 'U' curve. In Hokkai T 10, rutin content was found the highest level (53.8 mg/g dry wt.) at 30 DAS. In different plant parts harvested at 30 DAS, rutin content of leaf (range of 42.8-68.0, mean 57.0) was 5.3-fold higher than that of stem (range of 8.0-15.9, 10.8 mg/g dry wt.), regardless of cultivar. Significantly, rutin content (78.7) in the flower of Kitawase was 1.8 times higher than in the leaf and 9.8 times in the stem. Especially, chlorogenic acid content (14.6 mg/g dry wt.) in the flower of Kitawase was 63-fold higher than in the leaf, and 20-fold in the stem.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.246-250
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• 2005

This study carried out to compared a rutin content in seed and plant of tartary buckwheat(Fagopyrum tataricum) to collect in the world. Rutin content in seed and plant parts of tartary buckwheat is higher than F. esculentum and F. cymosum. Rutin contents in plant parts of 3 species was higher with order of flower> leaf> seed> stem> root and that of tartary buckwheat was higher about 3.2 times in flower and about 3.1 times in stem and about 65 times in seed of F. esculentum. Compared to rutin contents for seed color and shape of tartary buckwheat 50 lines, seed color was higher with order of dark gray>black>brown and seed shape was higher with order of Slender> Notched> Round. Rutin content in plant parts of cultivated lines was higher than wild lines. Compared to rutin contents in plant parts of tartary buckwheat collected at the different region, Bhutan line had much higher than other lines. Rutin contents were lower than in the leaf and stem of Pakistan line and in the seed of India line.