• Maritime Security
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.31-59
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to clarify why Russia has changed its position on the Caspian Sea Convention to allow cross-Caspian routes. The theory that explains Russia's change of position on Eurasian integration suggests isolation from the West and rising political and economic importance in the Asia-Pacific as cause, but fails to explain the cause of the change in position that could allow Western influence. Thus, this article suggests that a change in Russia's perception on expanding Eurasia's influence as the cause of the change on its position on the Caspian Sea.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.85 no.3
• /
• pp.273-275
• /
• 2022

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.196-219
• /
• 1994

Granulite complexes in northern (the Nangnim block), eastern (ther Kimchaek zone of the Macheonryong belt) and southern (separate windows among upper Proterozoic structure such as the Wonsan, Nampo and Haeju granulites) parts of the Northern Korea are studied. Multistage deformations, metamorphic and migmatitic events, and granite formations are recognized in these granulite complexes. Mineral thermobarometry and fluid inclusion investigationss are used to establish the P-T evolutionary trends during prograde and retrograde metamorphic events. The peak metamorphism of granulites is characterized by temperature near $800^{\circ}C$ and pressure near 5.5-6 kb. Retrograde evolution includes cooling at constant pressure or with variable pressure ranging up to 7-8 kb. This P-T change corresponds to the transition from high to moderate or low geothermal gradient. The subsequent cooling is ac-companied by significant decompression to 3-4 kb.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.84-96
• /
• 2020

The Republic of Korea (Korea) and the Russian Federation (Russia) are actualizing the cooperation in the Arctic area. As a result, Korean companies have begun to enjoy real economic benefits. However, since there are some troublesome aspects associated with this cooperation, measures that can lead to sustainable development through the supplementation of relevant norms are critical. Russia is also aware of these problems in obtaining economic benefits in the future; cooperation between the two countries should be extended to sufficiently cover this point. The laws related to the region are vague and do not encompass every field. In addition, when it comes to national interests, many situations arise from areas where international and national laws are not clearly harmonized. Therefore, efforts should be made to reflect the interests of both sides and to maintain economic benefits, in case Korea participates in Russia's development of the area, as well as for the legal foundation to reduce negative issues. The Korea-Russia Free Trade Agreement (FTA) negotiation is on the track for the purpose. The two governments should consider various tasks, such as harmonizing with the former FTAs and dealing with the domestic law in accordance with the new FTA. The two countries also have to conduct researches on the efficient use of the FTA and for the 'Sustainable Arctic Development'.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.67
• /
• pp.143-162
• /
• 2015

Russia has a huge amount of energy resources. It is an attractive factor to countries which spend loads of energy. Republic of Korea is also one of large energy consumption countries. Therefore, It will be needed to raise energy cooperation with Russia. It's companies will increase trade focusing on the energy industry in the long term. Recently, However, Foreign companies should be careful when they enter the rapidly changing Russia market. In other words, companies will need a strategic approach to prepare the early case assessment and how to solve a possible dispute as they analyze cost and profit in business. This study is analyzing several dispute cases related in Russia. It presents some strategies for Korean companies such as dispute resolution method, arbitration institution selection method and so on. In addition, it proposes the introduction of the early case assessment for reducing a waste of time and cost. Furthermore, according as the importance of OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises is highlighted in international community, companies should prepare practical division to establish a system of responsible business conduct. Finally, they will have to get an advice and counseling from the Russia legal experts in the early stages of the contract.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.1-32
• /
• 2017

Purpose - This study is to analyze the main macroeconomic indicators in Russia and the leading countries- partners and to research GDP, the debt, the foreign trade and other indicators. This main indicator is using in regulation in the economic stability of country, of stability of trade with countries-partners. Research design, data, and methodology - This paper used the amount of data to be analyzed at the present stage, from the 2010 to 2015 in Russia. In order to assess trends of development, the array of data on the indicators used for the 1995-2017. The data analyzed using the methods of multivariate statistics and application of the software package Stat graphics. Results - Hypothesis 1. In the recent years GDP has tended to increase in the most countries of the world. In Russia and its structure of branch of economics is uneven. Hypothesis 2. The foreign trade turnover also has tended to grow. The foreign trade balance in Russia and in the leading countries-partners has a positive balance, dominated by the export of goods. Conclusions - This paper finds that the foreign trade turnover also has tends to grow. The foreign trade balance in Russia and in the leading countries-partners has a positive balance, dominated by the export of goods.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.59 no.1
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 2019

Worldwide, avian influenza H9N2 viruses of different lineages are the most widespread viruses in poultry. However, to date, cases in Russia have not been documented. In this study, we report the first detection of a G1-like H9N2 virus from poultry sampled at live-bird markets in Russia (Far East region) during the winter of 2018 (isolate A/chicken/Amur_Russia/17/2018). We assume there has been further circulation of the A/chicken/Amur_Russia/17/2018 H9N2 virus in the Russian Far East with possible distribution to other regions or countries in 2018-2019.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.171-176
• /
• 2023

What we have in common worldwide today is economic difficulties due to high inflation and uncertainty in the financial industry. The root cause of this is the war between Russia and Ukraine. The war between Russia and Ukraine is not simply a war between two countries. The United States and the European Union are providing military aid such as missiles to Ukraine, and Russia is attacking Ukraine by introducing UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) from Iran. A prominent weapon in this Russia-Ukraine war is the UAVs used in Russia. It is predicted that the form of war using UAVs will gradually expand in the future based on stealth. In addition, UAVs will continue to be used due to the fact that they can cause serious damage to the other country without harming their own lives, and because they have good cost-effectiveness. In this study, UAVs based on autonomous driving were studied. The target countries of the study include the United States, the European Union, China, and Iran, and the UAVs used in these countries have characteristics that can represent the world. In this study, the main specifications of major UAVs in use in major countries were investigated. In addition, the future technology and development direction were described through specifications and characteristics of UAVs currently in operation in major countries.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.135-156
• /
• 2009

The two waves of EU enlargement in 2004 and 2007, have been milestones of European integration. While research has been conducted into the impact of these events on both the European and the global economies,1 there have been few attempts to assess the effects of EU enlargement and the introduction of the euro on countries such as Russia, which neighbour the EU but currently have no perspective of accession. This paper aims to provide an assessment of the effects that EU enlargement and the introduction of the euro have had on Russia, the largest country neighbouring the EU. In particular, it focuses on trade and investment links between the EU and Russia, as well as the use of the energy by Russian residents and authorities. Economic links between Russia and the EU are found to have strengthened considerably in the areas of trade, investment and other financial flows in recent years. Strong growth, particularly in Russia, as well as the high price of oil and gas, Russia's major export items, has facilitated this expansion of trade and finance. Moreover, available data do not suggest that EU enlargement has had a negative impact on Russia in terms of trade or investment diversion. Thus, the strategic partnership between Russia and the EU has been increasingly underpinned by an expansion of cross-border economic activities. Thus, the paper contributes to two broad strands of literature on this subject, namely the impact of regional trade and economic arrangements on non-member countries and the international role of currencies.