• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.667-671
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• 2010

Runs test is a mathematical tool to test the stationarity of electromyographic (EMG) signals. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of segmentation size on the stationarity of EMG signals in runs test. Six subjects participated in this experiment and performed isometric trunk exertions for twenty seconds at the load level of 25% and 50% MVC. The signals extracted from the erector spinae muscles were divided into the intervals of 1000ms and the stationarity of the signal in each interval was tested by the runs test. In this test, seven segmentation sizes such as 1.0, 2.0, 3.9, 7.8, 15.6, 31.3 and 62.5ms were applied. Additionally, two stationarity tests of reverse arrangements test and modified reverse arrangements test were used to verify the results of the runs test. In results, the segmentation size of 62.5ms showed the similar results with the other stationarity tests. However, the stationarity values among there tests were different each other when segmentation sizes other than 62.5ms were used. These results indicated the effect of segmentation size in runs test that needs to be considered to have consistent and sensitive result in stationarity test.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.217-223
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• 1988

This study is to examine the cleaningproof by dry cleaning runs and parts(shoulder, belly, butt) of garment leathers tanned chrome. This study is composed of three methods of test; color difference test, surface view by scanning electron micrographs, mechanical properties measurement by KES-FB system. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In stiffening of parts of sample, the belly is the best degree in smoothness, fullness, softness. But that of the butt have been found to be the worst degree and to be thick. 2. In fading of parts, the shoulder is an extreme case, but the belly is the best among three parts. 3. In dry cleaning runs, the view after 3 runs has been found to be the best result. 4. The stiffening after dry cleaning 1 run have been low grade, for the sample absorb much solvent of dry cleaning. And, the fading and the decoloration are to be worse after 5 runs. Because the leather surface is affected by dry cleaning runs.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.207-216
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• 1988

This study is to examine the cleaningproof by dry cleaning runs and parts(shoulder, belly, butt) of garment leathers tanned chrome. This study is composed of three methods of test; color difference test, surface view by scanning electron micrographs, mechanical properties measurement by KES-FB system. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In stiffening of parts of sample, the belly is the best degree in smoothness, fullness, softness. But that of the butt have been found to be the worst degree and to be thick. 2. In fading of parts, the shoulder is an extreme case, but the belly is the best among three parts. 3. In dry cleaning runs, the view after 3 runs has been found to be the best result. 4. The stiffening after dry cleaning 1 run have been low grade, for the sample absorb much solvent of dry cleaning. And, the fading and the decoloration are to be worse after 5 runs. Because the leather surface is affected by dry cleaning runs.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.33-43
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• 1999

Drought is a serious diaster in agriculutre, especially to upland crops. Hence, the Agricultural Drought Analysis Model (ADAM) that is integratable with GIS was applied to analyae agriculture drought in upland. ADAM is composed of two sub-models , one is a Soil Water Balance Model (SWBM) and the other is a Drougth Analysis Model (DAM) that is based on the Runs theory. The ADAM needs weather data, rainfall data and soil physical characteristics data as input and calculates daily soil moisture contents. GIS was integrated to the ADAM for the calculation of regional soil moisture using digitized landuse map, detaile dsoil map, thiessen network and district boundary . For the agriculutral drought analysis, the ADAM adapt the Runs theory for analyzing drought duration, severity and magnitude . Log-Pearson Type-III probability distribution function and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were used to test the fitness of good of the model. The integration of ADAM with GIS was successfully implemented and would be operated effectively for the regional drought analysis.

• 음성과학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2003

This paper describes a new parameter for voice activity detection which serves as a front-end part for automatic speech recognition systems. The new parameter called run-ratio is derived from the runs test statistic which is used in the statistical test for randomness of a given sequence. The run-ratio parameter has the property that the values of the parameter for the random sequence are about 1. To apply the run-ratio parameter into the voice activity detection method, it is assumed that the samples of an inputted audio signal should be converted to binary sequences of positive and negative values. Then, the silence region in the audio signal can be regarded as random sequences so that their values of the run-ratio would be about 1. The run-ratio for the voiced region has far lower values than 1 and for fricative sounds higher values than 1. Therefore, the parameter can discriminate speech signals from the background sounds by using the newly derived run-ratio parameter. The proposed voice activity detector outperformed the conventional energy-based detector in the sense of error mean and variance, small deviation from true speech boundaries, and low chance of missing real utterances

• 응용통계연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2014

이 논문에서는 이진확률수열의 무작위성을 검정하는 방법을 제안한다. 연의 길이는 절사된 기하분포를 따르는데 제안하고자 하는 검정통계량은 연의 평균길이를 기초로 하고 있으며 표본크기가 커지면 점근적으로 ${\chi}^2_2$-분포를 따른다. 검정크기와 검정력을 비교하기 위해 몬테칼로모의실험을 실시했다. 로또 6/45에서의 추첨여부에 대한 수열에 적용해 보았으며 로또는 무작위성을 만족하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.6-14
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• 2005

The mechanism of ballast-flying phenomena by strong wind induced by high-speed trains has extensively been investigated by conducting wind tunnel test and field-measuring of wind velocity in the vicinity of the track. The ballast gathered from the Seoul-Busan high-speed railway track has been classified by mass and shape to find relationship between those properties and the characteristic of movement in high wind and 16-channel Kiel-probe array has been used to examine the detailed flow structure above the surface of the track. The probability of ballast-flying during the passage of the high-speed train has been assessed comparing the results from wind tunnel test and that from field-measuring. The results shows that when the G7 train runs well as the KTX train runs at 300km/h, about 25m/s wind gust is induced just above the tie and the probability far small ballast under 50g to fly is about 50％ when it is on the tie. If the G7 train runs at 350km/h, the wind gust just above the tie increases to 30m/s, therefore radical countermeasure seems to be needed.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2000

In order to correct the strut interference in wind tunnel tests, image methods are conventionally used. Because of their excessive extra runs, some alternatives have been tried to reduce the extra runs. In this study, these alternatives were reviewed and checked by the strut interference evaluation with the panel code, CMARC. The present work shows that the strut interference is free from neither model configuration nor model attitude. This dependency makes the alternatives to the image method unfeasible. The 3-run image method was also evaluated. It worked well even for the exaggerated windshield. At this point, reducing the image runs by neglecting parameters affecting minor influence would be best.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.503-512
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• 2017

선다형 문제의 경우 특정 위치의 답을 선호하는 수험생의 응답경향이 시험 결과에 미치는 영향을 최소화하기 위하여 정답배열을 특정위치에 편중되지 않고 고르게 분포할 필요가 있다. 이는 정답배열이 특정 번호에 편중되어 있으면 정답을 모를 때 중앙 또는 외곽 번호에 응답경향이 있는 수험생이 추측으로 문항의 답을 맞힐 수 있으므로 시험점수가 학생의 능력을 제대로 반영하지 못하는 결과를 초래할 수 있기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 2017학년도 대학수학능력시험의 영역별 정답배열에 대하여 Bartels rank test, Wald-Wolfowitz runs test, turning point test, Cox Stuart trend test, difference sign test, Mann-Kendall rank test 등을 실시하여 정답배열이 고르게 분포되었는지 확인하였다. 또한 정답 번호와 배점 사이에 독립성이 지켜지지 않을 경우에도 특정 번호를 정답으로 선호하는 경향을 가진 수험생의 점수는 학생의 능력을 제대로 반영하지 못할 수 있기 때문에 정답의 위치와 배점 사이의 독립성 검정을 추가로 실시하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.614-618
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• 1999