• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

Objective The purpose of this study was to understand the conclusion of 「Gwangjeseol」 in 『Dongeuisusebowon』 in a more accurate sense. Method We examined the basic viewpoint of Lee je-ma in 「Seongmyeonglon」 in 『Dongeuisusebowon』. Based on the interpretation of the 「Seongmyeonglon」, the viewpoints described in the pathology theory of 『Dongeuisusebowon』 were examined. In addition to 『Dongeuisusebowon』, we looked for contents related to "TuHyeonJilNeung" and "HoHyeonNagSeon" in Lee je-ma's book 『Gyukchigo』 and 『Dongmuyugo』. Result We have found that the meanings of the words "TuHyeonJilNeung" and "HoHyeonNagSeon" in the last article of 「Gwangjeseol」 are not limited to just the 「Gwangjeseol」, but contain the meaning of a topic that runs through the entire book. According to the 『Gyukchigo』 and 『Dongmuyugo』, the meaning of "TuHyeonJilNeung" is related to the "Sa-Bang-Il-Yog", and the "Sa-Bang-Il-Yog" is the "ilsimjiyog" that prevents the practice of "Ji-Haeng". This concept is the same as the concept of "Ji-Haeng" in 「Seongmyeonglon」, the first unit of 『Dongeuisusebowon』. Conclusion It is considered that Lee je-ma wanted to emphasize the reason and mindset to do "Ji-Haeng" by writing the end of the 「Gwangjeseol」, which is the last part of 『Dongeuisusebowon』.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2021

This study investigates the capital structure policy among Indonesian public companies. Previous studies suggest that capital structure policy could follow either static or dynamic behavior. The sample data used in this study was companies in the manufacturing sector, divided into three sub-sectors: the basic and chemical industry, miscellaneous industry, and the consumer goods industry. This study uses panel data from 2010 to 2018, with the Generalized Least Square (GLS) method and compared whether the fixed effect model is better than the common effect model. The results show that the dynamic and non-linear model tests can explain the capital structure determinants than the static and linear models. The dynamic model shows that the capital structure of a certain year is influenced by the capital structure of the previous year. The findings indicate that the company performs some adjustments in its capital structure policy by referring to the previous debt ratio, which implies support to the trade-off theory (TOT). The study also shows that profitability, tangible assets, size, and age explain the variation of capital structure policy. The patterns on the dynamic and non-linear confirm that capital structure runs in a nonlinear pattern, based on the sector, company condition, and the dynamic environment.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.43-53
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• 2011

According to the result about 'San Jiao(三焦)'recorded on "Yellow Empero's Canon Internal Medicine Ling Shu(黃帝內經 靈樞)", we achieved following results. 1. As we consider the concept of 'San Jiao' recorded on "Ling Shu", in early time, it was related to bladder(膀胱) and there was no divided concept into 'Shang Jiao(上焦)', 'Zhong Jiao(中焦)' and 'Xia Jiao(下焦)'. Later, there was appearance of body metabolism concept in anatomic way and started to emphasize that stomach(胃) is the very beginning of digestion. This point then adjusted into the concept which the core theory of digestion and water metabolism begins with 'Zhong Jiao' and processes to 'Shang Jiao' and 'Xia Jiao' then it established the 'San Jiao' theory adjusted to the functional change than property change. Later as there is set theoretical structure of 'three Yin and three Yang(三陰三陽)', it included the concept of 'San Jiao' onto meridian system theory to complete as a theory. Finally, it completed the theoretical structure that 'San Jiao' runs water metabolism of circulation, body fluid and urine for body to produce blood and Qi to protect and provide nutrition to the human body. 2. From the point of each part, 'San Jiao' means all body composition factor related to the relation to the digestion and water metabolism to produce Qi and blood. Also, the details of entire function of 'San Jiao' tells that 'Zhong Jiao' intakes food and divides the clarity and turbidity of digested substances. The origin of this digestion and water metabolism lies at Xia Jiao. The clean substance including the mood and taste climbs via Shang Jiao. The vapor like substance climbed to Shang Jiao becomes 'defensive Qi(衛氣)' and controls body temperature and sweat by supporting and spreading the Qi by Shang Jiao. The liquid substance climbed to Shang Jiao becomes blood. The blood has stronger character as substance than defensive Qi so Zhong Jiao becomes the base and the way for the blood. The turbid Qi separated at Zhong Jiao passes large intestine and the solid substance is excreted and the liquid is absorbed into bladder. The Xia Jiao that controls this process controls the liquid state of water matabolism so control the urine with bladder. Therefore, 'San Jiao' can be understood as a general concept that controls entire water metabolism as a way of food, Qi and blood.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.174-183
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• 2022

The abstract should summarize the contents of the paper and written below the author information. Use the word "Abstract" as the title, in 12-point Times New Roman, boldface type, italicized, centered relative to the column, initially capitalized, fixed-spacing at 13 pt., 12 pt. spacing before the text and 6 pt. after. The abstract content is to be in 11-point, italicized, single spaced type. Leave one blank line after the abstract, and then begin the keywords. All manuscripts must be in English. When it comes to the issue of "virtual and real" in traditional Chinese painting, the first impression is to describe the problems of painting strokes and ink, layout of pictures, etc., but it runs through the initial conception of the work, creation in the middle and aesthetic appreciation of the work. It exists in the whole process of artistic creation and appreciation. In essence, it is a problem of aesthetic thinking and philosophical thinking. Because the traditional Chinese painting theory is influenced by Taoism, when the concept of "virtual and real" is implemented in the specific picture of Chinese painting, it is contained in the specific shape of "physics", that is, the painting theory research of "blank space" in the picture. Based on the traditional Taoist philosophy of China, this paper takes the "virtual and real" view in Lao Zhuang's thought as the research object, deeply analyzes and compares its relationship with the "virtual and real" in Chinese landscape painting, and finds out their artistic spirit, essential characteristics and how to present them. This paper mainly discusses the internal relationship between Taoist philosophy and "virtual and real" in Chinese landscape painting from the following aspects. The introduction expounds the origin, purpose, significance, innovation and research methods of the topic. This paper analyzes the philosophical thoughts about landscape in the philosophical thoughts represented by Lao Tzu and Zhuangzi. The development of Chinese traditional aesthetics theory is closely related to Taoist philosophy, which has laid the foundation and pointed out the direction for the development of Chinese painting theory since ancient times. It also discusses the influence of the Taoist philosophy of "the combination of the virtual and real" on the emergence and development of the artistic conception of landscape painting. Firstly, through the analysis of the artistic conception of landscape painting and its constituent factors, it is pointed out that the artistic conception is affected by the personality and the painting artistic conception. Secondly, through the Taoist thought of "the combination of the virtual and real" in landscape painting, so as to reflect that it is the source of the artistic conception of Chinese landscape painting. It is the unique spiritual concept of "Yin and Yang" and "virtual and real" that creates the unique "blank space" aesthetic realm of Chinese painting in the composition of the picture. Finally, it focuses on the "nothingness" in Taoist philosophy and the "blank space" in Chinese landscape painting. The connotation of the "blank space" in Chinese painting exceeds its own expressive significance, which makes the picture form the aesthetic principle of emotional blending, virtual and real combination and dynamic and static integration. Through the "blank space", it deepens the artistic characteristics of the picture and sublimates the expression of "form" in Chinese painting.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.145
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• pp.325-350
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• 2018

The overemphasis of the priority of reason over will runs the risk of resulting in intellectual determinism. On the contrary, it is also unfair to underestimate the role of reason in Saint Thomas Aquinas' theory of the free will to avoid intellectual determinism. For, according to Thomas, "the will inclines to the good, insofar as it is an appetite, and it follows the judgment of the reason in the pursuit of the good, insofar as it is a 'rational' appetite." It is the objective of this article to show that, for Thomas, the idea of the free will is not contradictory to that of the will's following the judgment of reason. For this purpose, it is decisive to adequately evaluate the role of reason in Thomas's theory of the free will. This article therefore proves that in principle Thomas argues the priority of the will over reason as well as the freedom of the will, and that he nevertheless recognizes the role of reason which precedes the choice of the will by making the second-level judgment even when the will chooses not to follow the first-level judgement of reason. It is entirely up to the will to follow the judgement and order of reason or not. It explains the freedom of the will. But 'not to follow reason' is contradictory to the essential determination of the will as the 'rational' appetite. For from the will's not following reason, wrong-doing follows; the human act which does not conform to reason. This article therefore argues that for Thomas, the 'true' liberty of the will corresponding to its determination as the rational appetite consists in its following the rule and order of reason, not in acting against the judgement of reason.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.35
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• pp.275-308
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• 2012

This article aims to investigate the studies of Yi Xue Qi Meng(易學啓蒙) performed by the researchers of Neo-Confucianism in Ki Ho region in later Chosun period. Philologically speaking, these studies were mainly performed by Han Won Jin and his colleagues. While the study of Yi Hwang(李滉)'s Qi Meng Zhuan Yi(啓蒙傳疑) performed by the researchers of Toegye(退溪) School lasts from the end of the sixteenth century to the nineteen's century, the Ki Ho(畿湖) scholars' study of Yi Xue Qi Meng are centered in the eighteenth century and hardly any significant work on this text is found before and after this century. In order to single out the distinctive features of Ki Ho School of Neo-Confucianism, this article examines three subjects the Ki Ho scholars delved into: (i) their theory of Tai Ji(太極), (ii) their theory of He-Tu(河圖) and the formation of eight trigrams, and (iii) the so-called Wu Wei Xiang De Shuo(五位相得說) discussed in one of the sections in Yi Xue Qi Meng titled the Source of He-Tu and Luo Shu[本圖書]. The Ki Ho scholars are remarkable in interpreting Tai Ji in Yi Xue Qi Meng in the context of the theory of Li-Qi and the theory of human nature. There are differences in opinion among the Ki-Ho scholars with regard to the relation between He-Tu and the formation of eight trigrams. Eventually, they withhold Zhu Xi(朱熹) and Hu Fang Ping(胡方平)'s attempt to synthesize He-Tu, the rectangular diagram of Fu Xi(伏羲)'s eight trigrams, and the circular diagram of Fu Xi's eight trigrams into one single principle. Han Won Jin tries to explain the relation between He-tu and the formation of eight trigrams in terms of the relation between He-Tu and the circular diagram, and his attempt is widely supported by his colleagues. This theory runs counter to traditional model of explaining truth. My conjecture is that such academic trend is further developed by the defenders of Practical Learning such as Hong Dae Yong(洪大容), who vigorously reject traditional system of truth and science, and that it partly explains why the study of Yi Xue Qi Meng ceases in the nineteenth century.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.109-120
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• 2010

This study aims to develop mathematical models for estimating saturation flow rates at the stop line of signalized intersection due to Workzones in the vicinity, since the saturation flow rate is the most critical parameter in capacity analysis for signalized intersections. It was found by reference review that saturation flow rates are sensitively influenced by the location of Workzone, the number of lanes, cycle length and effective green time. Extensive microscopic simulation runs were also performed and compared to the those of mathematical models for model verification. Mathematical models were developed based on traffic flow theory and dualizing them by the location of workzones. And then each result produced by changing important parameter values was carefully examined and analyzed. Small but consistent differences in saturation flow rate values between mathematical models and simulations exist. However, the pattern of changes in saturation flow rates depending on each variable was similar.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.267-275
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• 2007

Message races should be detected for debugging message-passing parallel programs because they can cause non-deterministic executions. Specially, it is important to detect the first race in each process because the first race can cause the occurrence of the other races in the same process. The previous techniques for detecting the first races require more than two monitored runs of a program or analyze a trace file which size is proportional to the number of messages. In this paper we introduce an on-the-fly technique to detect the first race in each process without generating any trace file. In the experiment we test the accuracy of our technique with some benchmark programs and it shows that our technique detects the first race in each process in all benchmark programs.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.187-198
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• 1997

The degree of KAP study on Chinease traditional medicine and doctor was examined with some chinease living yenbian district(延邊) from July 1st to August 30th in 1996. The result of the study for predicting health and ill patterns runs as fellows. 1. It is understand to strength and variety about role of chinease traditional medicine doctors and the curable disease. 2. Although most patients go to chinease traditional medicine clinic for the purpose of medicine herbs in package, acupuncture and industry-made pharm, they think the medical fee a little high(70.6%). 3. The 66.7% of respondents recognize chinease traditional medicine doctors as a profession and others think them only abundant works ; therefore it is rather low to ink chinease traditional doctors a profession. 4. Most respondents think that chinease traditional medicine should improved in the inside ; such as scientific reinforcement of theory, lack of univerality, improvment and enlargement of insurance, unkindness, shortage of publicity, dropped equipment, system of medical specialist, lack of integration with westem medicine, exact diagnosis and confidence of remedy, and low efficacy, etc. 5. Chinease likes more experienced-traditional doctor than beginner(78.3%) 6. The policy of korean government against 100 herbal prescription right by western pharmacy has taken the negative recognition(74.6%), 7. The degree that acknowleges of chinease traditional medicine through thease basic contents is average 47.3 mark. To be brief, although the step of the recognition and attitude of oriental medicine is less or very affirmative aspect, actully considerable positive factors is in the last chosen step. In conclusion KAP study connected chinease traditional medicine and doctor has very much postive factors.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.221-230
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• 2016

The public mostly get the information regarding real estate policy not from the press release of the government but from news articles. This type of information, though, might be delivered in a different frame depending on inclination of media or press. The media runs the articles within its own frame, so that it often conveys either expectation or concern depending on its inclination. This study analyzed the articles regarding 'Agreement to revise three major real estate regulations to perk up property market' and examined how the real estate policy imprinted in them depending on the disposition of the press. The results showed that the conservative press ran articles within a positive frame expressing favorable expectation. On the other hand, progressive press mostly kept neutral or unfavorable tone on the same regulations within the negative frame. Therefore, it was confirmed that there exist different frames within articles depending on their disposition.