• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 임시총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.422-425
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• 2004

To understand runoff Phenomena in Jeju island, some streams are monitored automatically about stream stage, and water quality in Jeju Provincial Water Resources Management Office. Rating curves for stream discharge are reviewed. Stream stages respond very quick to some rainfall events, and parameters influencing runoff phenomena such as landuse, soil condition, preconditoned rainfall, and vegetables will be studied. A few thousand to ten thousand ml/day are estimated from 6 permanent streams in Jeju island.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2007

Road runoff water includes various heavy metals (zinc, Zn; lead, Pb; copper, Cu; chrome, Cr; cadmium, Cd; etc.) and pathogens (E-coli and coliform). Since these pollutants are significantly harmful to human beings and have negative impact on water streams, numerous studies have been conducted to determine the characterization of these non-point pollutants from road runoff water. However, since these non-point pollutant concentrations vary depending on road traffic, road construction, and road maintenance, measurement of pollutant loadings in different site is necessary to estimate the effect of road runoff water on drinking water source. The objective of this study was to examine the quality of road runoff water from a city bridge in Seoul, Korea. This study was conducted for two years to assess annual discharge pollution loads. In this study, five key heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, and Cd) and two pathogens (E-coli and coliform) were measured at 18 different events. The pollutant load mass transported was always higher than the corresponding runoff volume for Zn, Cu, and Cd, while Pb and Cr showed similar values between the load mass transported and the corresponding runoff volume. The event mean concentrations were Zn (0.908 mg/L), Pb (0.092 mg/L), Cu (0.141 mg/L), Cr (0.023 mg/L), and Cd (0.006 mg/L). Like Zn, Cu, and Cd, E-coli and coliform values (relatively high in Summer and Fall) are higher at the beginning of each event and decrease afterwards.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2001년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.30-33
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• 2001

This study was carried out to estimate the runoff pollutant loadings for water quality management in Boryung freshwater reservoir watershed. The hydrological monitoring system were operated for water level measurement during $1999{\sim}2000$ and temporal variation of water quality constituents such as pH, EC, total nitrogen, total phosphorus were analysed, periodically. Monthly runoff volumes by TANK model and potential pollutant loadings calculated by unit method were compared with measured values.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.113-123
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• 1997

This study was initiated to build runoff plots, install soil and water quality monitoring systems and collect background data from the plots and neighboring soils as the 1st year study of a 5 year project to assess soil quality and develop the management practices for environmentally sound agriculture in mountainous soils. Eleven $3{\times}15m$ runoff plots and monitoring systems were installed at a field of National Alpine Agricultural Experiment Station to monitor soil quality and discharge of nonpoint source pollutants. Corn and potato were cultivated under different fertilizer, tillage and residue cover treatments. The soil has a single-layered cluster structure that has a relatively good hydrologic properties and can adsorb a large amount of nutrient. Concentrations of T-N, $NH_4$-N, and $NO_3$-N of surface soil sampled in the winter were relatively high. Runoff quality in the winter and thawing season in the spring was largely dependent on surface freezing, snow accumulation, temperature, surface thawing depth and so on. Runoff during the thawing season caused serious soil erosion but runoff quality during the winter was relatively good. Serious wind erosion from unprotected fields after the fall harvest were obserbed and best management practices to reduce the erosion need to be developed.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.620-627
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• 2007

In this study a general analysis method for watersheds with the entire runoff conditions and corresponding water quality is proposed and its applicability based on the currently available information is investigated. Using the 8-day-interval data set of runoff and water quality observed by Nakdong River Environment Research Center, the flow duration curve and discharge-load relation curve for each unit watershed are established, then the load duration curve is finally constructed. This paper discusses how the load duration curve can be used in the assessment of TMDL. The entire Nakdong river watershed is also divided into prior managing areas of point sources or non-point sources in a way of general management. It is thought that LDC can be a great tool for visualizing overall probabilities of current water quality and thus for the TMDL management.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.54-66
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• 2002

A grid-based hydrological model, CELTHYM, capable of estimating base flow and surface runoff using only readily available data, was used to assess hydrologic impacts caused by land use change on Little Eagle Creek (LEC) in Central Indiana. Using time periods when land use data are available, the model was calibrated with two years of observed stream flow data, 1983-1984, and verified by comparison of model predictions with observed stream flow data for 1972-1974 and 1990-1992. Stream flow data were separated into direct runoff and base flow using HYSEP (USGS) to estimate the impacts of urbanization on each hydrologic component. Analysis of the ratio between direct runoff and total runoff from simulation results, and the change in these ratios with land use change, shows that the ratio of direct runoff increases proportionally with increasing urban area. The ratio of direct runoff also varies with annual rainfall, with dry year ratios larger than those for wet years shows that urbanization might be more harmful during dry years than abundant rainfall years in terms of water yield and water quality management.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2019

The most common way of reducing non-point source pollutants from agricultural areas is the installation of reservoirs. However, this method is only effective for surface runoff of settleable pollutants. This study was conducted to estimate the effect of interflow, baseflow, and surface runoff on pollutant runoff in a small agricultural catchment. Runoff of organic matters, SS, and T-P were directly proportional to the rainfall variation, while ammonia and nitrate were inversely proportional to the amount of rainfall. The interflow and baseflow was only 46% of the total stream flow, but the nitrate load reached 78%. The interflow as a nutrient transport pathway should be considered for managing a stream water quality. It requires careful attention and appropriate control methodology such as vegetation to consider the influence by interflow. The reservoir as a dry extended detention pond (DEDP) has function of nutrient captor.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2012

This study was carried out to runoff characteristics in an upland livestock manure compost. Irrigation, runoff and water quality data in the upland were analyzed periodically from May to November in 2011. The observed amount of rainfall, irrigation, runoff for the experimental upland during the investigation period were 1,299.7 mm, 32.0 mm, and 340.7 mm, respectively. The concentrations of T-N in compost and non-compost upland during study period were ranged from 2.09 mg/L to 6.66 mg/L and from 1.99 mg/L to 6.01 mg/L, respectively. which was generally higher than the quality standard of agricultural water (1.0 mg/L). The concentrations of T-P in compost and non-compost upland during study period were ranged from 0.069 mg/L to 0.525 mg/L and from 0.018 mg/L to 0.152 mg/L, respectively. The runoff pollutants loadings of T-N and T-P in compost upland were 10.05 kg/ha and 0.56 kg/ha, respectively. The runoff pollutants loadings of T-N and T-P in non-compost upland were 9.09 kg/ha and 0.26 kg/ha, respectively. The runoff pollutants loadings in T-N and T-P from this study were much lower values than the pollutant loadings of T-N and T-P from the upland published by the others studies. Runoff pollution loadings due to the upland field in order to identify the characteristics of various crops, farming methods and a variety of targets taking into account regional characteristics by conducting continuous monitoring runoff load estimate will be required.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.247-257
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• 2010

Watershed runoff and turbid water dynamics were simulated in the Youngju Dam, being constructed. The runoff flow and suspended solids were simulated and then thermal stratification and turbid water current in the reservoir were predicted by HSPF and CE-QUAL-W2 model, respectively. Considering selective withdrawal, we hypothesized 3 withdrawal types from the dam, i.e. surface layer, middle layer and the lowest layer. The maximum concentration of SS was 400mg/L in reservoir and it was decreased by the withdrawal. The inflowed turbid water fell to 30 NTU after 12 days regardless of the withdrawal types, but the surface layer withdrawal was a better type at turbid water discharge than the others. In current environmental impact assessment(EIA), we concluded that runoff and reservoir water quality predicted by HSPF and CE-QUAL-W2 was desirable, and appropriate parameters were selected by continous monitoring after EIA.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제89권3호
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• pp.342-355
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• 2000

본 연구는 물순환모델을 이용하여 계류수의 유출성분을 직접유출과 기저유출로 분리한 각각의 유출성분과 계류수질의 장 단기 수질 관측을 통해 얻어진 pH, EC 및 용존이온들과의 관계를 파악하여 유출량의 변화가 물질수지 및 계류수질에 미치는 영향을 밝히기 위하여 실시하였다. 팔공산 수문관측유역에서 1998년 1월부터 1999년 9월까지 관측한 수문 및 수질자료를 대상으로 유출량과 수질변화 특성과의 관계를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 계류수의 연평균 pH는 1998년에 6.48(6.22~6.89)로, 1999년에 6.52(5.75~7.18)로 나타나 대체로 일정한 값을 유지하고 있었으며, 시험유역에서 간벌이 실시된 이후 4개월 동안은 계속해서 pH가 낮아져 간벌이 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 2. 계류수의 연평균 EC는 1998년에 $26.69(17.95{\sim}33.5){\mu}S/cm$로, 1999년에 $25.19(17.5{\sim}33.8){\mu}S/cm$로 나타나 시험유역에서 연중 일정한 값을 나타내었다. 3. 강우와 계류수의 평균 용존 물질량을 비교한 결과, 분석된 이온들 중 $K^+$를 제외한 나머지 이온 $Na^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Cl^-$, $NO_3{^-}$, $SO_4{^{2-}}$는 모두 마이너스 수지를 나타냈다. 그리고, 계류수의 용존원소 가운데 양이온은 $Na^+$가 가장 농도가 높았으며, 음이온은 $NO_3{^-}$가 가장 많이 검출되었다. 4. 단위강우로부터 발생한 계류수 pH의 경시변화를 분석한 결과, 유량이 증가하면 pH가 낮아지다가 첨두유량을 전환점으로 해서 유출량이 감소하면 다시 pH가 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 5. 계류수 EC의 경시변화를 분석한 결과, 강우초기의 유량증가시에는 EC값이 감소하지만 첨두유량을 전후로 해서 유량의 증감에 따라 EC값이 함께 변화하는 것으로 나타났다. 6. 계류수의 $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, 양이온총량, $Cl^-$ 및 $SO_4{^{2-}}$는 유출량이 증가하면 농도가 낮아지지만, 유출량이 감소하면 농도가 높아지는 경향을 나타내었으며, $NO_3{^-}$와 음이온총량은 그 반대의 경향을 나타내었다. 그리고, $Mg^{2+}$는 뚜렷한 경향이 나타나지 않았다. 7. 물순환모델에 의해 분리된 직접유출, 기저유출 및 총유출 성분 중 pH, EC 그리고 양이온 및 음이온 농도에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 유출성분은 기저유출로 나타났다.